Çermik (Armenian: Ջերմուկ, romanized: Jermuk, lit. 'hot springs';[2][3] Kurdish: Çermûk)[4] is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey.[5] Its area is 948 km2,[6] and its population is 49,644 (2022).[1] The mayor is Şehmus Karamehmetoğlu from the Justice and Development Party (AKP),[7] and the current kaymakam is Vahit Yılmaz.[8]
Çermik | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 | |
 Map showing Çermik District in Diyarbakır Province | |
  Çermik Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 38°08′14″N 39°27′04″E / 38.13722°N 39.45111°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Diyarbakır |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Şehmus Karamehmetoğlu (AKP) |
Area | 948 km2 (366 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 49,644 |
| • Density | 52/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 21600 |
| Area code | 0412 |
| Website | www |
Çermik got its name from its natural spa.[9] It was declared the Diyarbakir Thermal Tourism Center in October 1993.[10]
History
editWithin the Ottoman Empire, Çermik was within the Kurdish sanjaks of the Diyarbekir Eyelet.[11] In 1925 the town came shortly under control of the rebels loyal to Sheikh Said.[12]
Demographics
editOn the eve of the First World War, 12,418 Armenians lived in the kaza of Çermik: 2,000 in the center of Çermik and 10,000 in Çüngüş. They had five churches, one monastery and five schools. They were massacred during the Armenian genocide.[13]
The Jewish population left the town in 1948 when Israel was founded.[14]
Composition
editThere are 81 neighbourhoods in Çermik District:[15]
- Ağaçhan
- Akçörten
- Akkoyunlu
- Akpınar
- Alabuğday
- Alakoç
- Arabük
- Armağantaşı
- Armutlu
- Artuk
- Aşağışeyhler
- Aşağıtaşmalı
- Asmalık
- Aynalı
- Bademlik
- Bahçe
- Balıksırtı
- Başarı
- Bayat
- Bayırbağı
- Baykal
- Bayrak
- Bintaş
- Bircemal
- Bulundu
- Çalıtepe
- Ceylan
- Çukur
- Çukurelma
- Değirmenli
- Dikyol
- Dilekpınar
- Elifuşağı
- Eskibağ
- Genceli
- Göktepe
- Gözerek
- Güçlütaş
- Günaşan
- Gürüz
- Güzel
- Haburman
- İkiçeltik
- İncili
- Kalaç
- Kale
- Kalecik
- Karacaviran
- Karakaya
- Karamusa
- Karataş
- Kartaltaşı
- Kayagediği
- Keklik
- Kırmatepe
- Köksal
- Kömürcüler
- Konaklı
- Konuksever
- Korudağ
- Kuşlukçayırı
- Kuyuköy
- Örenkuyu
- Pamuklu
- Petekkaya
- Pınarlı
- Recep
- Saltepe
- Saray
- Sarıbalta
- Sarıca
- Şeyhandede
- Sinek
- Tepe
- Toplu
- Yabanardı
- Yayıklı
- Yaylacık
- Yeşilova
- Yiğitler
- Yoğun
Climate
editÇermik has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa)[16] with very hot, dry summers and cool, wet, occasionally snowy winters.[17]
| Climate data for Çermik (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.7 (101.7) |
33.7 (92.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.4 (32.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 124.92 (4.92) |
102.08 (4.02) |
95.63 (3.76) |
77.8 (3.06) |
49.11 (1.93) |
11.66 (0.46) |
1.56 (0.06) |
1.69 (0.07) |
7.1 (0.28) |
47.57 (1.87) |
75.27 (2.96) |
129.12 (5.08) |
723.51 (28.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.1 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 9.8 | 69.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71.0 | 68.3 | 62.7 | 61.0 | 55.1 | 38.3 | 30.7 | 32.0 | 37.5 | 52.5 | 64.7 | 72.4 | 53.8 |
| Source: NOAA[18] | |||||||||||||
Attractions
editThe baths in the area draw many visitors and tourists from Turkey, mostly of neighboring provinces.[10]
Main attractions are the Haburman Bridge, Çeteci Abdullah Pasha Madrasa, Ulu Cami (the Grand Mosque)[19] the Bandeler Fountain (Bandeler Çesmesi) and the Gelincik Dağı ( Mountain of Gelincik) The town also counts with a Synagogue which dates back to the 1416, but it is not in use.[20]
Notable people
edit- Çeteci Abdullah Pasha, Ottoman statesman.[19]
- Ziya Gökalp, poer and sociologist [19]
References
edit- ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard G., ed. (2006). Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and Edessa/Urfa. Mazda Publishers. p. 62.
....Armenian: Chermug, Chermuk, or Jermuk; Turkish: Chermik or Cermik).
- ^ Kévorkian, Raymond H. (2011). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. London: I. B. Tauris. p. 369. ISBN 9781848855618.
...in the administrative seat, Chermug ("Hot Springs"), with an Armenian population...
- ^ Adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 55. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Diyarbakır Çermik Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart Diyarbakır Çermik Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". secim.haberler.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-22.
- ^ "Kaymakam Vahit Yılmaz". Çermik Kaymakamlığı. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- ^ Walker, Warren S.; Lindahl, Carl (2014-02-04). A Turkish Folktale: The Art of Behet Mahir. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-317-77728-1.
- ^ a b Baskaya, Zafer. "Assessing Çermik (Diyarbakir) Hot Springs In Relation With Geographical Factors And Potential Of Thermal Tourism". Turkish Studies.
- ^ Ozoglu, Hakan (1996). "State-Tribe Relations: Kurdish Tribalism in the 16th- and 17th-Century Ottoman Empire". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (1): 22. ISSN 1353-0194. JSTOR 195817.
- ^ Bak, János M. (1984). Religion and Rural Revolt: Papers Presented to the Fourth Interdisciplinary Workshop on Peasant Studies, University of British Columbia, 1982. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0990-7.
- ^ "Kaza Çermik / Jermuk - Ջերմուկ / Chermug". Virtual Genocide Memorial. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Traditions, tastes, sounds, textures brought together by "Diyarbekirlilik"". Diyarbakir Hafizasi. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- ^ "Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı" (PDF). MGM.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Çermik". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ a b c Sinclair, T. A. (1989-12-31). Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III. Pindar Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-907132-34-9.
- ^ "Turkey: concern raised over the state of the neglected, centuries-old former synagogue the town of Çermik, near Diyarbakır in southeastern Turkey". Jewish Heritage Europe. 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2022-07-12.