Wikipedia

2021 Salvadoran legislative election

Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 18 February 2021. Salvadorans elected all 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, all 262 mayors of municipal councils of the country's municipalities, and all 20 of El Salvador's deputies to the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).[a]

2021 Salvadoran legislative election
El Salvador
← 2018 28 February 2021 2024 →
All 84 seats in the Legislative Assembly
43 seats needed for a majority
Turnout50.25% (Increase 4.52pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
NI Xavier Zablah Bukele 66.46 56 New
ARENA Erick Salguero 12.18 14 −23
GANA Nelson Guardado 5.29 5 −5
FMLN Óscar Ortiz 6.91 4 −19
PCN Manuel Rodríguez 4.08 2 −7
PDC Rodolfo Parker 1.70 1 −2
NT Juan Valiente 1.70 1 New
V Josué Alvarado 1.01 1 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results by constituency
President of the Legislative Assembly before President of the Legislative Assembly after
Mario Ponce
PCN		 Ernesto Castro
NI

Ten political parties were allowed by the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) to participate in the election.

Opinion polling prior to the election indicated significant leads for Nuevas Ideas in the legislative and municipal elections. The election resulted in a landslide victory for Nuevas Ideas, which won a majority of the legislative seats, mayors and municipal councils and PARLACEN deputies.[2][3] When the 13th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2021, Nuevas Ideas formed a supermajority government with the Grand Alliance for National Unity, the National Coalition Party, and the Christian Democratic Party. The 2021 election was the last where Salvadorans elected 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly and 262 mayors and municipal councils, as prior to the 2024 general election, the Legislative Assembly voted to approve two proposals made by Bukele which reduced the number of legislative seats to 60[4] and the number of municipalities to 44.[5]

Political background

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Election of the XII Legislative Assembly

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Main article: 2018 Salvadoran legislative election
 
The XII Legislative Assembly in session in May 2018.

During the 2018 legislative election on 4 March 2018, the ruling Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) won 23 seats in the Legislative Assembly (a loss of 8 seats), the opposition Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) won 37 seats (an increase of 2 seats), and the remaining 23 seats were divided by other political parties.[6] The 12th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2018. ARENA formed a coalition government with the National Coalition Party (PCN); the two parties agreed that ARENA deputy Norman Quijano would serve as the president of the Legislative Assembly from 1 May 2018 to 1 December 2019 and that PCN deputy Mario Ponce would serve from 1 December 2019 to 1 May 2021.[7]

Presidency of Nayib Bukele

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Main articles: 2019 Salvadoran presidential election and Nayib Bukele § Presidency
 
Nayib Bukele speaking on 1 June 2019, the day of his inauguration.

The 2019 presidential election was held on 3 February 2019. The presidential candidates were: Carlos Calleja of ARENA, Hugo Martínez of the FMLN, Josué Alvarado of Vamos, and Nayib Bukele of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA).[8] Although ARENA and the FMLN had held the presidency in a de facto two-party system since 1989,[9] GANA's Bukele, who had previously been expelled from the FMLN in 2017 for verbally attacking a party official,[10] led virtually every poll in the lead up to the election.[8] In the election, Bukele won 53.10 percent of the vote, forgoing the need for a potential second round in March 2019.[11] Bukele was inaugurated on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president to not be a member of either ARENA or the FMLN since José Napoleón Duarte of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) left office in 1989.[12]

As a part of his Territorial Control Plan, a government anti-crime and security plan, Bukele sought to receive a US$109 million dollar loan from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration to fund his plan.[13][14] Bukele required the Legislative Assembly's approval, but ARENA and the FMLN, the legislature's two largest parties, both opposed the Territorial Control Plan.[15] On 6 February 2020, Bukele invoked article 167 of the country's constitution which ordered members of the Legislative Assembly to convene an extraordinary session.[16] On 9 February 2020, the date of the extraordinary session, Bukele order 40 soldiers armed forces to enter the Legislative Assembly, however, most deputies did not attend the extraordinary session.[13] Various members of the Legislative Assembly denounced the event as an "attempted coup".[17]

In March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bukele ordered a nationwide lockdown. The National Civil Police (PNC) arrested 4,236 people for violating the lockdown order, which Human Rights Watch denounced as leading to arbitrary arrests and police abuses.[18] In April 2020, after a spike in homicides, Bukele ordered large-scale prison lockdowns and authorized the PNC to use lethal force against gang members.[19] Although the country's homicide rate decreased from 36 homicides per 100,000 people in 2019 to 19.7 homicides per 100,000 people in 2020,[20] both the El Faro digital newspaper and the United States Department of the Treasury alleged that Bukele's government had secretly negotiated with the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street (Barrio 18) criminal gangs to lower the country's homicide rate.[21][22]

Electoral system

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Election procedure

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Legislative elections were held in El Salvador two years after the 2019 presidential election and three years after the 2018 legislative election. The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, 262 mayors and municipal councils of the country's municipalities (second-level subdivisions), and 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected through a popular vote. The constitution of El Salvador mandated that the election would be "free, direct, equal and secret".[23]

Deputies of the Legislative Assembly, mayors and municipal council members, and deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected by open-list proportional representation. The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly were elected in 14 constituencies for the country's 14 departments (first-level subdivisions), the 262 mayors and municipal councils were elected in one constituency each, and the 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected from one nationwide constituency.[23][24]

Political parties

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Political parties had to be registered with the Supreme Electoral Court to be able to participate in the election. The following table shows the ten political parties which were eligible to participate in the 2021 election.[25][26]

Party Leader 2018 results
Legislative Municipal PARLACEN
  PDC Christian Democratic Party
Partido Demócrata Cristiano 		Rodolfo Parker
3 / 84
5 / 262
1 / 20
  CD Democratic Change
Cambio Democrático 		Douglas Avilés
1 / 84
0 / 262
 Did not run
  FMLN Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional 		Óscar Ortiz
23 / 84
64 / 262
8 / 20
  GANA Grand Alliance for National Unity
Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional 		Nelson Guardado
10 / 84
26 / 262
2 / 20
  V Let's Go
Vamos 		Josué Alvarado New party
PCN National Coalition Party
Partido de Concertación Nacional 		Manuel Rodríguez
9 / 84
25 / 262
1 / 20
  ARENA Nationalist Republican Alliance
Alianza Republicana Nacionalista 		Erick Salguero
37 / 84
140 / 262
8 / 20
  NI New Ideas
Nuevas Ideas 		Xavier Zablah Bukele New party
  NT Our Time
Nuestro Tiempo 		Juan Valiente New party
  DS Salvadoran Democracy
Democracia Salvadoreña 		Adolfo Salume Artiñano Did not run
0 / 262
 Did not run

Registered voters

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The following table lists the number of registered voters for the 2024 election in all fourteen departments, as well as the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly and number of municipalities assigned to each department. The figures, as published by the Supreme Electoral Court, were accurate as of 1 November 2020.[27][28]

 
A labeled map of the fourteen departments of El Salvador.
Department Voters Seats in LA Municipalities
Ahuachapán 287,729 4 12
Cabañas 142,508 3 9
Chalatenango 190,934 3 33
Cuscatlán 204,589 3 16
La Libertad 644,526 10 22
La Paz 274,522 4 22
La Unión 244,893 3 18
Morazán 165,498 3 26
San Miguel 424,882 6 20
San Salvador 1,456,688 24 19
San Vicente 149,310 3 13
Santa Ana 498,313 7 13
Sonsonate 392,286 6 16
Usulután 312,339 5 23
Expatriates[b] 431,445 – –
Total 5,389,017 84 262

Retiring deputies

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Twenty incumbent deputies of the Legislative Assembly did not be running for re-election in 2021 due to them choosing to run for another office, being eliminated during their party's primary elections, or them choosing to not seek public office in 2021.[31] Meanwhile, all five of the six retiring FMLN deputies were term limited by internal party statutes prohibiting deputies from seeking three consecutive terms on the Legislative Assembly.[32]

Party Retiring deputy Department Serving since Ref.
Democratic Change Juan José Martel San Salvador 1 May 2018 [31]
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front Audelia Guadalupe López Vásquez Chalatenango 1 May 2012
Juan Manuel de Jesús Flores Cornejo La Libertad
Rodolfo Antonio Martínez San Miguel
Karina Ivette Sosa de Rodas San Salvador
Hortensia Margarita López Quintana Santa Ana
Ana Lucía Baires de Martínez Usulután 1 May 2015
Grand Alliance for National Unity Lorenzo Rivas Echeverría Cabañas 1 May 2012
Francisco José Zablah Safie La Libertad 1 May 2006
Nationalist Republican Alliance Arturo Simeón Magaña Azmitia Ahuachapán 1 May 2018
René Gustavo Escalante Zelaya La Libertad 1 May 2012
Mariano Dagoberto Blanco Rodríguez Morazán 1 May 2018
José Edgar Escolán Batarsé San Miguel 1 May 2012
Silvia Alejandrina Castro Figueroa San Salvador
Carmen Milena Mayorga Valera 1 May 2018
Norman Noel Quijano González
David Ernesto Reyes Molina 1 May 2009
Patricia Elena Valdivieso de Gallardo 1 May 2015
Jorge Adalberto Josué Godoy Cardoza Santa Ana 1 May 2018
Independent Felissa Guadalupe Cristales Miranda La Libertad

Electoral campaign

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Political parties had until 29 July 2020 to hold their primary elections.[33]

Nuevas Ideas

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Through its social networks, the Nuevas Ideas political party denounced that the Electoral Board of the Supreme Electoral Court in Cabañas refused to register its candidates so that they could participate in the elections.[34]

Nuevas Ideas formed political coalitions with GANA for some legislative elections;[35] with GANA, the PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections;[36] and with Democratic Change in the PARLACEN election.[37]

Nationalist Republican Alliance

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ARENA formed political coalitions with Salvadoran Democracy and the PCN in some legislative elections[35] and the PCN in some municipal elections.[36]

Grand Alliance for National Unity

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GANA formed political coalitions with Nuevas Ideas for some legislative elections[35] and with Nuevas Ideas, the PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections.[36]

National Coalition Party

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The PCN formed political coalitions with ARENA and Salvadoran Democracy in some legislative elections[35] and with Nuevas Ideas, GANA, and ARENA in some municipal elections.[36]

Other parties

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Democratic Change formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections;[35] with Nuevas Ideas and GANA in all its municipal elections;[36] and with Nuevas Ideas in the PARLACEN election.[37]

Salvadoran Democracy formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections.[35] It did not participate in the municipal or PARLACEN elections.[38]

Two independents—Leonardo Bonilla and Jesús Segovia—contested in the legislative elections in San Salvador and La Paz, respectively.[35]

Opinion polls

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The following tables list the results of opinion polls for the 2021 legislative elections conducted between September 2019 and February 2021 in reverse chronological order. The party with the highest percentage is listed in bold and displayed with its background shaded, and the party with the second highest percentage is listed in bold. The lead column shows the percentage between the parties with the first and second highest percentages. In instances where the fieldwork date is unavailable, the publication date is used instead. When available, the projected seat count is listed below the percentage.

Legislative opinion polls

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Local regression of polls conducted
Legislative election polls
Polling firm Fieldwork date Sample
size 		                Other None Unsure Lead Ref.
2021 election 28 February 2021 N/A 66.46
56 		12.18
14 		6.91
4 		5.29
5 		4.08
2 		1.70
1 		1.70
1 		1.01
1 		0.56
0 		– – – 54.28 [39]
CIPSECA 8 February 2021 – 68.0 7.0 2.0 6.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 15.3 61 [40]
CEC-UFG 13–17 Jan 2021 – 64.7 7.1 2.2 3.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 7.4 6.8 5.6 57.6 [41]
UES 16 Dec 2020–15 Jan 2021 – 43.5 3.4 15.5 5.1 2.1 1.1 1.1 2.7 0.2 0.5 24.8 28.0 [42]
CID-Gallup 16 December 2020 – 48.0
41 		4.3
10 		3.3
2 		6.1
8 		1.1
1 		0.9
0 		0.3
0 		0.2
0 		0.2
0 		0.9
0 		16.8 17.8 41.9 [43]
CID-Gallup 16 December 2020 – 70
60 		6
10 		6
2 		9
6 		3
0 		1
0 		2
0 		– – 6
0 		– 61 [43]
Fundaungo 21 December 2020 – 60.3 4.9 2.7 4.5 – – – – – 27.6 55.4 [44]
IUDOP 8 December 2020 – 69.7
68 		4.9
6 		6.5
6 		3.3
2 		2.2
1 		0.2
1 		0.1
0 		0.1
0 		0.2
0 		– – 22.0 63.2 [45]
CEC-UFG 14 September 2020 – 48.0 4.3 3.3 6.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.9 16.8 17.8 41.9 [46]
TResearch 23–27 Jul 2020 1,000 70.4 5.0 4.4 3.1 – – – 1.7 0.8 2.3 4.8 7.5 65.4 [47]
CID-Gallup 16 January 2020 – 37 10 3 – – – – – – 50 27 [48]
CEC-UFG 7–11 Jan 2020 1,292 48.2 5.9 2.6 3.6 0.3 0.4 – 0.1 0.2 – 7.5 31.3 42.3 [49]
UCA 22 Nov–3 Dec 2019 1,265 42.4 6.9 5.2 3.7 – – – – – 2.8 14.8 24.3 35.5 [50]
La Prensa Gráfica 20–25 Nov 2019 1,520 34.2 6.0 4.0 4.8 1.1 0.1 0.3 – – – 8.4 41.1 28.2 [51]
CID-Gallup 19 September 2019 1,206 35 8 6 7 – – – – – – – 45 27 [52]
2018 election 4 March 2018 N/A – 43.41
37 		26.78
23 		11.45
10 		10.87
9 		4.21
3 		0.94
1 		– – 2.35
1 		– – 16.63 [6]

Municipal opinion polls

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Municipal election polls
Polling firm Fieldwork date Sample
size 		                Other None Unsure Lead Ref.
2021 election 28 February 2021 N/A 50.78
152 		19.01
35 		10.86
30 		11.16
27 		4.93
14 		1.73
3 		0.69
0 		0.45
0 		0.39
1 		– – – 31.77 [53]
CEC-UFG 13–17 Jan 2021 – 59.9 11.8 5.3 5.3 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 – 8.0 5.7 48.1 [41]
UES 16 Dec 2020–15 Jan 2021 – 40.0 5.8 17.2 6.2 2.1 1.0 1.4 2.2 0.3 0.7 23.1 22.8 [42]
Fundaungo 21 December 2020 – 50.3 10.6 4.8 8.1 1.6 – – – – 1.0 1.1 23.1 39.7 [44]
IUDOP 8 December 2020 – 44.0 10.0 6.3 7.2 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 – – 22.0 34.0 [45]
CEC-UFG 7–11 Jan 2020 1,292 48.2 5.9 2.6 3.6 0.3 0.4 – 0.1 0.2 – 7.5 31.3 42.3 [49]
La Prensa Gráfica 20–25 Nov 2019 1,520 32.2 13.2 6.3 5.3 2.0 0.7 0.1 – 0.1 – 6.1 34.1 19.0 [51]
2018 election 4 March 2018 N/A – 41.80
140 		29.18
64 		12.58
26 		10.50
25 		4.13
5 		0.50
0 		– – 1.31
2 		– – 12.62 [6]

Results

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See also: List of members of the XIII Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
 
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Nuevas Ideas1,430,57854.6746New
Nuevas Ideas–GANA311,72311.9110–
Nationalist Republican Alliance206,3287.889−26
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front180,8086.914−14
Grand Alliance for National Unity135,2235.175−5
ARENA–DS99,0033.784–
National Coalition Party85,5483.271−8
Nuestro Tiempo44,4011.701New
Christian Democratic Party44,3791.701–3
Vamos26,4921.011New
PCN–DS21,2110.811–
Democratic Change14,7680.560−1
ARENA–PCN13,5030.521–1
Independents2,7830.110−1
Total2,616,748100.00840
Valid votes2,616,74896.64
Invalid votes49,9861.85
Blank votes41,0601.52
Total votes2,707,794100.00
Registered voters/turnout5,389,01750.25
Source: Supreme Electoral Court

Municipal elections

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Nuevas Ideas1,342,96850.78152New
Nationalist Republican Alliance502,78419.0135–104
Grand Alliance for National Unity295,09111.1627–
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front287,32110.8630–34
National Coalition Party130,3464.9314–11
Christian Democratic Party45,7051.733–4
Vamos10,4130.391New
Democratic Change18,3010.690–
Nuestro Tiempo11,9740.450New
Total2,644,903100.002620
Valid votes2,644,90397.75
Invalid votes44,8591.66
Blank votes16,1510.60
Total votes2,705,913100.00
Registered voters/turnout5,389,01750.21
Source: Supreme Electoral Court

PARLACEN

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Nuevas Ideas–Democratic Change1,693,55068.1114New
Nationalist Republican Alliance329,03913.233–5
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front181,4757.301−7
Grand Alliance for National Unity164,4276.611–1
National Coalition Party78,4923.1610
Christian Democratic Party39,3601.580–1
Total2,486,343100.00200
Valid votes2,486,34391.79
Invalid votes84,4493.12
Blank votes138,0345.10
Total votes2,708,826100.00
Registered voters/turnout5,389,01750.27
Source: Supreme Electoral Court

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Of the 120 seats in the Central American Parliament, El Salvador is allotted 20 seats. The remaining 100 seats are divided among the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.[1]
  2. ^ Expatriates were unable to vote in the election. As such, the 431,445 expatriates were not included in the total figure of 5,389,017 registered voters.[29][30]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Diputados" [Deputies]. Central American Parliament (in Spanish). c. 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  2. ^ Renteria, Nelson; Garrison, Cassandra (2 March 2021). Oatis, Jonathan (ed.). "El Salvador President Cheers Big Congress Election Win, Bonds Jump". Reuters. San Salvador, El Salvador. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Nayib Bukele's Military Stunt Raises Alarming Memories in El Salvador". The Guardian. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  4. ^ Renteria, Nelson; Madry, Kylie (7 June 2023). Berkrot, Bill (ed.). "El Salvador Slashes Size of Congress Ahead of Elections". Reuters. San Salvador, El Salvador. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  5. ^ Magaña, Yolanda (13 June 2023). "Asamblea Aprueba 44 Municipios y Sube Población Representada por Regidor" [The Assembly Approves 44 Municipalities and Raises the Population Represented per Alderman]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Supreme Electoral Court (2018). "Memorial Especial – Elecciones 2018" [Special Memory – 2018 Elections] (PDF). Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). p. 104. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  7. ^ Arismendi, Arysbell (2 May 2018). "La Renovación de ARENA es Una Alianza con el PCN" [The Renovation of ARENA is an Alliance with the PCN]. El Faro (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  8. ^ a b Sweigart, Emilie (29 January 2019). "El Salvador: Meet the Candidates in Latin America's First Election of 2019". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  9. ^ Gonzalez, Elizabeth (4 February 2019). "Bukele Breaks El Salvador's Two-Party Hold on Power". AS/COA. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  10. ^ Laguan, Jonathan (10 October 2017). "Nayib Bukele, Expulsado del FMLN por Estas Razones" [Nayib Bukele, Expelled from FMLN for These Reasons]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  11. ^ Palumbo, Gene; Malkin, Elisabeth (3 February 2019). "Nayib Bukele, an Outsider Candidate, Claims Victory in El Salvador Election". The New York Times. San Salvador, El Salvador. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  12. ^ Nagovitch, Paola (6 June 2019). "Nayib Bukele's First Steps as El Salvador's President". AS/COA. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  13. ^ a b "Heavily-Armed Police and Soldiers Enter El Salvador Parliament". BBC. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  14. ^ Brigida, Anna-Catherine (10 February 2020). "Constitutional Crisis in El Salvador Over Bukele's Security Plan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  15. ^ "El Salvador: Ejecutivo y Legislativo Enfrentados por Crédito" [El Salvador: Executive and Legislative Confronted by Credit]. Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). 8 February 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  16. ^ Vivanco, José Miguel (14 February 2020). "President Bukele, Brute Force Is Not the Way Forward for El Salvador". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  17. ^ "El Salvador Parliament Denounces President's 'Attempted Coup'". BBC. 11 February 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  18. ^ "El Salvador: Police Abuses in Covid-19 Response". Human Rights Watch. Washington, D.C., United States. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  19. ^ "El Salvador: Inhumane Prison Lockdown Treatment". Human Rights Watch. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  20. ^ "Homicide Rate in El Salvador from 2014 to 2022". Statista. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  21. ^ "Salvador: le Président Bukele Aurait (Aussi) Négocié Avec les Gangs" [El Salvador: President Bukele Would Have (Also) Negotiated with the Gangs]. Courrier International (in French). 8 September 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  22. ^ Sheridan, Mary Beth; Brigida, Anna-Catherine (8 December 2021). "U.S. Accuses El Salvador of Cutting Secret Deal with MS-13 to Tamp Down Killings". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  23. ^ a b "Constitution of El Salvador" (PDF). Richmond.edu. 15 December 1983. pp. Articles 78–80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  24. ^ Nohlen, Dieter (2005). Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1: North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 272–274. ISBN 9780191557934. OCLC 58051010. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  25. ^ "Partidos Políticos" [Political Parties]. Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  26. ^ Supreme Electoral Court 2021, p. 65.
  27. ^ "Estadísticas del Registro Electoral para las Elecciones 2021" [Statistics of the Electoral Registry for the 2021 Elections]. Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). 1 November 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  28. ^ Supreme Electoral Court 2021, p. 72.
  29. ^ Campos, Gabriel; Huete, Claudia (30 September 2020). "El Salvador: No Habrá Voto en el Exterior y Escrutinio de Votos en Elecciones 2021 Será 100% Digital, Anuncia TSE" [El Salvador: There Will Not Be Voting in the Exterior and Vote Counting in the 2021 Elections Will Be 100% Digital, Announces TSE]. El Economista (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  30. ^ Magaña, Yolanda (1 October 2020). "No Habrá Voto en el Exterior en 2021: Bukele Acusa al TSE de Desacato" [There Will Not Be Voting in the Exterior in 2021: Bukele Accuses the TSE of Contempt]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  31. ^ a b Recinos, Michelle (11 February 2021). "Veinte Diputados no Buscarán ser Reelectos en los Comicios de 2021" [Twenty Deputies Will Not Seek Re-Election in the 2021 Elections]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  32. ^ Velásquez, Eugenia (22 June 2020). "Cinco Diputados del FMLN y Dos de ARENA no Van por Reelección" [Five Deputies from the FMLN and Two From ARENA Will Not Seek Re-Election]. El Diario de Hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Calendario Electoral 2021 – Elecciones de Diputados y Diputadas al Parlamento Centroamericano, Asamblea Legislativa, e Integrantes de Concejos Municipales" [2-21 Electoral Calendar – Elections for Deputies to the Central American Parliament, Legislative Assembly, and Members of Municipal Councils] (PDF). Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). pp. 1–5. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  34. ^ "They denounce that the Departmental Electoral Board of the TSE in Cabañas does not want to register candidates from Nuevas Ideas". diariolahuella.com. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Supreme Electoral Court 2021, p. 213.
  36. ^ a b c d e Supreme Electoral Court 2021, p. 214.
  37. ^ a b Supreme Electoral Court 2021, p. 212.
  38. ^ Supreme Electoral Court 2021, pp. 212 & 214.
  39. ^ "Elecciones 2021 – Diputados y Diputadas para Asamblea Legislativa" [2021 Elections – Deputies for the Legislative Assembly] (PDF). Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  40. ^ CIPSECA [@PUCAELSALVADOR1] (8 February 2021). "Según Nuestro Estudio Técnico la Intencionalidad del Voto a Nivel Nacional para las Próximas Elecciones #28F Será la Siguiente: #CIPSECA28F" [According to Our Technical Study, the Voting Intentions at the National Level for the Next Elections #28F Will Be the Following: #CIPSECA28F] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2023 – via Twitter.
  41. ^ a b "Nuevas Ideas se Consolida como Primera Fuerza, ARENA sube y GANA Baja en Intención de voto… el FMLN en Cuidados Intensivos" [Nuevas Ideas Consolidates as First Force, ARENA Rises and GANA Down in Voting Intentions… the FMLN in Intensive Care]. Disruptiva (in Spanish). 21 January 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  42. ^ a b "Un 43.5% Votaría por Nuevas Ideas para Asamblea Legislativa Según Encuesta de la UES" [Some 43.5% Will Vote for Nuevas Ideas for the Legislative Assembly According to Poll by UES]. El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 February 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  43. ^ a b Ventura, Erika (16 December 2020). "Encuesta de CID Gallup da a Nuevas Ideas un 37% en la Votación para Diputados" [Poll from CID Gallup Gives Nuevas Ideas Some 37% of the Vote for Deputies]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  44. ^ a b "Encuesta Fundaungo: Nuevas Ideas Reafirma con 60.3% Preferencia de Voto para Asamblea Legislativa" [Fundaungo Poll: Nuevas Ideas Reaffirms with 60.3% Preference of the Vote for the Legislative Assembly]. La Página (in Spanish). 21 December 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  45. ^ a b Martínez, Claudia (8 December 2020). "Encuesta IUDOP: Partido Nuevas Ideas Obtendrá Mayor Número de Diputados en el 2021 con el 69.7%" [IUDOP Poll: Nuevas Ideas Party Will Obtain the Greatest Number of Deputies in 2021 with 69.7%]. Informa TVX (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  46. ^ "Encuesta UFG: Nuevas Ideas con Amplia Ventaja Frente a Rodos los Partidos Juntos; ARENA y FMLN Desaparecerían del Espectro Político" [UFG Survey: New Ideas with Wide Advantage Against All Parties Together; ARENA and FMLN Would Disappear from the Political Spectrum]. Diario la Huella (in Spanish). 14 September 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  47. ^ "Aunque Todavía Falta Tiempo, y si el Día de Hoy Fuera la Elección para Diputado ¿Por Cuál Partido Votaría Usted?" [Although There is Still Time, and if Today was the Election for Deputy, For What Party Would You Vote For?]. Tresearch (in Spanish). 28 July 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  48. ^ "CID Gallup: Nuevas Ideas es el Partido Favorito para las Elecciones 2021" [CID Gallup: Nuevas Ideas is the Favores Party for the 2021 Elections]. Tendencia SV (in Spanish). 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  49. ^ a b "Evalucaión de Seis Meses del Gobierno del President Nayib Bukele y Percepción de Coyuntura Política" [Six-Month Evaluation of the Government of President Nayib Bukele and the Perception of the Political Situation] (PDF). Francisco Gavidia University (in Spanish). January 2020. p. 27. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  50. ^ "La Población Salvadoreña Evalúa la Situación General del País a Finales del Año 2019" [The Salvadoran Population Evaluates the General Situation of the Country at the End of the 2019 Year] (PDF). Central American University (in Spanish). January 2020. p. 32. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  51. ^ a b "Nuevas Ideas Partirá como Favorito en Elecciones de 2021" [Nuevas Ideas Leads as Favorite in 2021 Elections]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). 3 December 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  52. ^ "Nuevas Ideas Supera a ARENA y FMLN en Preferencia de Electores: CID Gallup" [Nuevas Ideas Surpasses ARENA and FMLN in Electoral Preference" CID Gallup]. El Mundo (in Spanish). 19 September 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  53. ^ "Elecciones 2021 – Conformación de Consejos Municipales" [2021 Elections – Formation of Municipal Councils]. Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish). March 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2022.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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