The AFC U-20 Asian Cup, formerly known as the AFC Youth Championship and AFC U-19 Championship, is a biennial international association football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the men's under-20 national teams of Asia that also serves as a qualification tournament for the FIFA U-20 World Cup. The competition has been held since 1959. Between 1959 and 1978, the tournament was held annually (without qualification); since 1980, it has been held every two years. The 1980 AFC Youth Championship had a qualification stage for first time.

AFC U-20 Asian Cup
Organising bodyAFC
Founded1959; 65 years ago (1959)
RegionAsia (including Australia)
Number of teams16
Current champions Uzbekistan
(1st title)
Most successful team(s) South Korea
(12 titles)
2025 AFC U-20 Asian Cup

The tournament has been played in a number of different formats during its existence. Currently, it consists of two stages, similar to the AFC's other Asian Championship competitions. The qualifying stage is open to all AFC members and the final stage is contested between 16 teams. The most recent edition, the 41st, was held in Uzbekistan. The AFC have proposed switching the tournament from under-19 to under-20 starting from 2023.[1] Moreover, the tournament will also be rebranded from the "AFC U-19 Championship" to the "AFC U-20 Asian Cup".[2]

Format

edit

History

edit

Results

edit
  • Coordinate is based on the capital of the country.
Tournament names
  • 1959–2006: AFC Youth Championship
  • 2008–2020: AFC U-19 Championship
  • 2023–present: AFC U-20 Asian Cup
Edition Year Hosts Final Third place match
Champions Score Runners-up Third place Score Fourth place
1 1959   Malaya  
South Korea
3  
Malaya
 
Japan
3  
Hong Kong
2 1960   Malaya  
South Korea
4–0  
Malaya
 
Japan
3–2  
Indonesia
3 1961   Thailand  
Indonesia

 
Burma
0–0
1
 
Thailand
2–1  
South Vietnam
4 1962   Thailand  
Thailand
2–1  
South Korea
 
Indonesia
3–0  
Malaya
5 1963   Malaya  
South Korea

 
Burma
2–2
1
 
Thailand
 
Hong Kong
2–2
2
6 1964   South Vietnam  
Burma

 
Israel
0–0
1
 
Malaysia
5–1  
South Korea
7 1965   Japan  
Israel
5–0  
Burma
 
Malaysia
4–1  
Hong Kong
8 1966   Philippines  
Israel

 
Burma
1–1
1
 
Republic of China[3]
 
Thailand
0–0
2
9 1967   Thailand  
Israel
3–0  
Indonesia
 
Burma
4–0  
Singapore
10 1968   South Korea  
Burma
4–0  
Malaysia
 
South Korea
 
Israel
0–0
2
11 1969   Thailand  
Burma

 
Thailand
2–2
1
 
Iran
2–1  
Israel
12 1970   Philippines  
Burma
3–0  
Indonesia[4]
 
South Korea
5–0  
Japan
13 1971   Japan  
Israel
1–0  
South Korea
 
Burma
2–0  
Japan
14 1972   Thailand  
Israel
1–0  
South Korea
 
Iran
3–0  
Thailand
15 1973   Iran  
Iran
2–0  
Japan
 
South Korea
3–0  
Saudi Arabia
16 1974   Thailand  
India

 
Iran
2–2
1
 
South Korea
2–1  
Thailand
17 1975   Kuwait  
Iraq

 
Iran
0–0
1
 
Kuwait
 
North Korea
2–2
2
18 1976   Thailand  
Iran

 
North Korea
0–0
1
 
South Korea
2–1  
Thailand
19 1977   Iran  
Iraq
4–3  
Iran
 
Bahrain
3–1  
Japan
20 1978   Bangladesh  
Iraq

 
South Korea
1–1
1
 
North Korea
 
Kuwait
1–1
2
1979   China Canceled due to problems with the South Korean national team's entry into China
21 1980   Thailand  
South Korea
3  
Qatar
 
Japan
3  
Thailand
22 1982   Thailand  
South Korea
3  
China
 
Iraq
3  
United Arab Emirates
23 1985   United Arab Emirates  
China
3  
Saudi Arabia
 
United Arab Emirates
3  
Thailand
24 1986   Saudi Arabia  
Saudi Arabia
2–0  
Bahrain
 
North Korea
1–0  
Qatar
25 1988   Qatar  
Iraq
1–1
(5–4 p)
 
Syria
 
Qatar
2–0  
United Arab Emirates
26 1990   Indonesia  
South Korea
0–0
(4–3 p)
 
North Korea
 
Syria
1–0  
Qatar
27 1992   United Arab Emirates  
Saudi Arabia
2–0  
South Korea
 
Japan
3–0  
United Arab Emirates
28 1994   Indonesia  
Syria
2–1  
Japan
 
Thailand
1–1
(3–2 p)
 
Iraq
29 1996   South Korea  
South Korea
3–0  
China
 
United Arab Emirates
2–2
(4–3 p)
 
Japan
30 1998   Thailand  
South Korea
2–1  
Japan
 
Saudi Arabia
3–1  
Kazakhstan
31 2000   Iran  
Iraq
2–1 (a.e.t.)  
Japan
 
China
2–2 (a.e.t.)
(6–5 p)
 
Iran
32 2002   Qatar  
South Korea
1–0 (a.e.t.)  
Japan
 
Saudi Arabia
4–0  
Uzbekistan
33 2004   Malaysia  
South Korea
2–0  
China
 
Japan
1–1
(4–3 p)
 
Syria
34 2006   India  
North Korea
1–1 (a.e.t.)
(5–3 p)
 
Japan
 
South Korea
2–0  
Jordan
Edition Year Hosts Final Losing semi-finalists4
Champions Score Runners-up
35 2008   Saudi Arabia  
United Arab Emirates
2–1  
Uzbekistan
  Australia and   South Korea
36 2010   China  
North Korea
3–2  
Australia
  Saudi Arabia and   South Korea
37 2012   United Arab Emirates  
South Korea
1–1
(4–1 p)
 
Iraq
  Australia and   Uzbekistan
38 2014   Myanmar  
Qatar
1–0  
North Korea
  Myanmar and   Uzbekistan
39 2016   Bahrain  
Japan
0–0 (a.e.t.)
(5–3 p)
 
Saudi Arabia
  Iran and   Vietnam
40 2018   Indonesia  
Saudi Arabia
2–1  
South Korea
  Japan and   Qatar
2020   Uzbekistan Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic[5]
41 2023   Uzbekistan  
Uzbekistan
1–0  
Iraq
  Japan and   South Korea
42 2025   China


Notes
1 Title shared.
2 Third place shared.
3 Final tournaments in round-robin format.
4 No third place match played since 2008; losing semi-finalists are listed in alphabetical order.

Successful national teams

edit
Team Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Semi-finalists Total
(Top 4)
  South Korea 12 (1959, 1960, 1963, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1990, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2012) 5 (1962, 1971, 1972, 1992, 2018) 6 (1968, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1976, 2006) 1 (1964) 3 (2008, 2010, 2023) 27
  Myanmar 7 (1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970) 1 (1965) 2 (1967, 1971) 1 (2014) 11
  Israel 6 (1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1971, 1972) 1 (1968) 1 (1969) 8
  Iraq 5 (1975, 1977, 1978, 1988, 2000) 2 (2012, 2023) 1 (1982) 1 (1994) 9
  Iran 4 (1973, 1974, 1975, 1976) 1 (1977) 2 (1969, 1972) 1 (2000) 1 (2016) 9
  North Korea 3 (1976, 2006, 2010) 2 (1990, 2014) 3 (1975, 1978, 1986) 8
  Saudi Arabia 3 (1986, 1992, 2018) 2 (1985, 2016) 2 (1998, 2002) 1 (1973) 1 (2010) 9
  Thailand 2 (1962, 1969) 4 (1961, 1963, 1966, 1994) 5 (1972, 1974, 1976, 1980, 1985) 11
  Japan 1 (2016) 6 (1973, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006) 5 (1959, 1960, 1980, 1992, 2004) 4 (1970, 1971, 1977, 1996) 2 (2018, 2023) 18
  China 1 (1985) 3 (1982, 1996, 2004) 1 (2000) 5
  Indonesia 1 (1961) 2 (1967, 1970) 1 (1962) 1 (1960) 5
  Qatar 1 (2014) 1 (1980) 1 (1988) 2 (1986, 1990) 1 (2018) 6
  Syria 1 (1994) 1 (1988) 1 (1990) 1 (2004) 4
  Uzbekistan 1 (2023) 1 (2008) 1 (2002) 2 (2012, 2014) 5
  United Arab Emirates 1 (2008) 2 (1985, 1996) 3 (1982, 1988, 1992) 6
  India 1 (1974) 1
  Malaysia 3 (1959, 1960, 1968) 2 (1964, 1965) 1 (1962) 6
  Bahrain 1 (1986) 1 (1977) 2
  Australia 1 (2010) 2 (2008, 2012) 3
  Kuwait 2 (1975, 1978) 2
  Hong Kong 1 (1963) 2 (1959, 1965) 3
  Chinese Taipei 1 (1966) 1
  Vietnam
1 (1961) 1 (2016) 2
  Singapore 1 (1967) 1
  Kazakhstan 1 (1998) 1
  Jordan 1 (2006) 1
Total (as of 2023) 50 32 39 29 14 164

Notes:

  • Bold Italic indicates hosts for that year.
  • Total (41 editions): 9 editions shared champions, 5 editions shared third place, and 6 editions with no third place match.

Records and statistics

edit

Awards

edit
Tournament Most Valuable Player Top goalscorer(s) Goals Fair play award
1978   Haris Mohammed[6]   Haris Mohammed[6] 7 Unknown
1980   Choi Soon-ho[7]   Choi Soon-ho[8] 4 Unknown
1996   Kim Do-kyun[9]   Wang Peng[9] 6 Unknown
1998   Lee Dong-gook[10]   Lee Dong-gook[10] 5 Unknown
2002   Kim Dong-hyun[11] Unknown   South Korea[11]
2004   Park Chu-young[12]   Park Chu-young[12] 6 Unknown
2006   Kim Kum-il   Shim Young-sung 5   North Korea
2008   Ahmed Khalil   Ahmed Khalil
  Kensuke Nagai
4   Uzbekistan
2010   Jong Il-gwan   Kerem Bulut 7 Unknown
2012   Mohannad Abdul-Raheem   Igor Sergeev 7   Iraq
2014   Ahmed Moein   Ahmed Al Saadi 5   North Korea
2016   Ritsu Dōan   Sami Al-Najei 4   Japan
2018   Turki Al-Ammar   Abdulrasheed Umaru 7   Saudi Arabia
2023   Abbosbek Fayzullaev   Naoki Kumata 5 Unknown

Participating nations

edit
Legend:
  • 1st – Champions
  • 2nd – Runners-up
  • 3rd – Third place
  • 4th – Fourth place
  • SF – Semi-finalists
  • QF – Quarter-finals
  • GS – Group stage
  • q – Qualified for upcoming tournament
  • DQ – Disqualified
  •  ••  – Qualified but withdrew
  •  •  – Did not qualify
  •  ×  – Did not enter
  •  ×  – Withdrew / Banned / Entry not accepted by FIFA
  • — Country not affiliated to AFC at that time
  • — Country did not exist or national team was inactive
  •      – Hosts
  •      – Not affiliated to FIFA
Nation  
1959
 
1960
 
1961
 
1962
 
1963
 
1964
 
1965
 
1966
 
1967
 
1968
 
1969
 
1970
 
1971
 
1972
 
1973
 
1974
 
1975
 
1976
 
1977
 
1978
  Afghanistan × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS × QF GS
  Australia
  Bahrain × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS × QF × 3rd QF
  Bangladesh × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS × GS GS
  Bhutan × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Brunei × × × × × × × × × × × GS × GS × GS GS × × ×
  Cambodia × × × × GS × × × × × × × × GS × GS × × × ×
  China × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × QF QF × GS
  Chinese Taipei × × GS × × × × 3rd GS GS GS GS GS GS × GS × × × ×
  Guam × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Hong Kong 4th × × GS 3rd × 4th QF GS GS GS QF GS GS GS QF QF GS GS ×
  India × × × × GS GS GS QF QF GS × × QF GS GS 1st GS GS QF GS
  Indonesia × 4th 1st 3rd × × × × 2nd × GS 2nd GS QF GS × GS QF × QF
  Iran × × × × × × × × × × 3rd QF QF 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd QF
  Iraq × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 1st QF 1st 1st
  Israel × × × × × 1st 1st 1st 1st 3rd 4th QF 1st 1st × × × × × ×
  Japan 3rd 3rd GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS QF 4th 4th QF 2nd QF GS GS 4th GS
  Jordan × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS GS
  Kazakhstan
  Kuwait × × × × × × × × × × × × QF × × × 3rd GS × 3rd
  Kyrgyzstan
  Laos × × × × × × × × × × GS QF × GS × GS × × × ×
  Lebanon × × × × × × × × × × × × × × QF × × × × ×
  Macau × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Malaysia 2nd 2nd GS 4th GS 3rd 3rd QF GS 2nd QF GS QF GS GS QF GS GS GS GS
  Maldives × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Mongolia × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Myanmar 6th GS 1st GS 1st 1st 2nd 1st 3rd 1st 1st 1st 3rd QF QF GS GS QF × ×
    Nepal × × × × × × × × × × × × GS GS × GS × × × ×
  North Korea × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 3rd 1st × 3rd
  Oman × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Pakistan × × × GS × × × × × × × × × × GS × × × × ×
  Palestine × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Philippines 9th GS × × GS × GS GS GS R2 GS GS GS GS × GS GS × × ×
  Qatar × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Saudi Arabia × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 4th × × × QF QF
  Singapore 7th GS GS GS GS × × GS 4th GS GS GS GS QF QF QF GS GS GS GS
  South Korea 1st 1st GS 2nd 1st 4th GS QF GS 3rd QF 3rd 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd × 3rd QF 1st
  South Yemen × × × × × × × × × × QF × × ×
  Sri Lanka 8th × GS × GS × × GS QF × GS GS × × × × × GS × GS
  Syria × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS × × ×
  Tajikistan
  Thailand 5th GS 3rd 1st 3rd GS GS 3rd QF R2 1st GS GS 4th QF 4th × 4th × ×
  East Timor
  Turkmenistan
  United Arab Emirates × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
  Uzbekistan
  Vietnam × × 4th GS GS GS GS × QF GS QF GS GS × × GS × × × ×
  Yemen × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × GS
Nation  
1980
 
1982
 
1985
 
1986
 
1988
 
1990
 
1992
 
1994
 
1996
 
1998
 
2000
 
2002
 
2004
 
2006
 
2008
 
2010
 
2012
 
2014
 
2016
 
2018
 
2023
 
2025
Total
  Afghanistan × × × × × × × × × × × × DQ × × 3
  Australia Part of OFC QF SF 2nd SF GS GS QF QF 8
  Bahrain × 2nd GS GS GS QF 9
  Bangladesh 5th × × × GS GS × 6
  Bhutan × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 0
  Brunei × × × × × × × × × × 4
  Cambodia × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 3
  China 2nd 1st GS 2nd GS 3rd QF 2nd QF QF QF GS QF GS GS QF Q 19
  Chinese Taipei × × Part of OFC GS 10
  Guam × × × × × × × × × × × × 0
  Hong Kong × × × × × 16
  India GS × GS GS × GS GS QF GS GS 22
  Indonesia GS × GS GS × GS GS × QF GS 19
  Iran × × × × × GS × GS 4th GS GS GS GS QF GS SF QF 21
  Iraq × 3rd 1st × × 4th × GS 1st QF QF GS GS 2nd GS QF GS 2nd 18
  Israel Part of OFC and later UEFA 9
  Japan 3rd GS GS 3rd 2nd 4th 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd QF QF QF QF 1st SF SF 38
  Jordan × × × × × × × × × 4th GS GS QF GS QF 8
  Kazakhstan × GS 4th Part of UEFA 2
  Kuwait × × GS GS GS GS × 8
  Kyrgyzstan × × GS × × × GS 2
  Laos × × × × × × × × × GS 5
  Lebanon × × × × × × × × GS × 2
  Macau × × × × × 0
  Malaysia × × QF GS GS 23
  Maldives × × × × × 0
  Mongolia × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 0
  Myanmar × × × × × × × × × × SF 19
    Nepal × × × GS × 4
  New Zealand OFC member GS OFC member 1
  North Korea × DQ × 3rd GS 2nd × × × × × × 1st QF 1st GS 2nd GS GS × 13
  Northern Mariana Islands Not member of AFC × × × × 0
  Oman × × × GS GS GS 3
  Pakistan × × GS × × × × 3
  Palestine × × × × × × × × × × × DQ 0
  Philippines × × × × × × × × 13
  Qatar 2nd × 4th 3rd 4th GS GS GS GS GS QF GS 1st GS SF GS 15
  Saudi Arabia × 2nd 1st × 1st × 3rd 3rd QF QF SF GS 2nd 1st GS 15
  Singapore × × 18
  South Korea 1st 1st GS GS 1st 2nd GS 1st 1st GS 1st 1st 3rd SF SF 1st GS GS 2nd SF 39
  South Yemen × × × 1
  Sri Lanka × × × GS × × × × × × 10
  Syria × 2nd 3rd 1st GS QF 4th GS GS QF × GS 11
  Tajikistan × × GS GS QF QF GS 5
  Thailand 4th 4th GS 3rd GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS GS QF GS QF 33
  East Timor × × DQ × × × 0
  Turkmenistan × × •• × 0
  United Arab Emirates × 4th 3rd 4th 4th 3rd GS QF GS 1st QF GS QF GS GS 14
  Uzbekistan × × 4th QF 2nd QF SF SF QF 1st 8
  Vietnam × × × × × × × × GS GS GS GS GS GS SF GS GS 20
  Yemen × × × × × × GS GS GS GS GS 6

Summary (1959–2023)

edit
Rank Team Part M W D L GF GA GD Points
1   South Korea 39 190 112 46 32 376 150 +226 382
2   Japan 38 173 74 30 69 304 236 +68 252
3   Myanmar 19 94 60 15 19 242 84 +158 195
4   Iran 21 92 55 17 20 189 74 +115 182
5   Thailand 33 138 52 24 62 227 214 +13 180
6   Iraq 18 81 41 21 19 156 80 +76 144
7   Saudi Arabia 15 72 43 13 16 146 79 +67 142
9   Malaysia 23 88 35 13 41 159 161 −2 118
10   China 19 76 31 19 26 109 95 +14 112
11   North Korea 13 65 31 15 19 98 61 +37 108
12   Indonesia 18 73 27 14 32 115 123 −8 95
13   Qatar 15 62 28 9 25 98 98 0 93
14   India 22 80 22 16 42 95 145 −50 82
15   Syria 11 47 22 9 16 71 50 +21 75
16   Uzbekistan 8 40 20 12 8 62 45 +17 72
17   Vietnam2 20 69 19 13 37 74 142 −68 70
18   United Arab Emirates 14 56 18 15 23 83 80 +3 69
19   Hong Kong 16 60 20 9 31 96 132 −36 69
20   Australia 8 34 16 10 8 57 36 +21 58
21   Singapore 18 67 16 7 44 79 190 −111 55
22   Bahrain 9 37 14 10 13 47 44 +3 52
23   Kuwait 8 36 12 15 9 49 44 +5 51
24   Jordan 8 29 5 7 17 24 56 −32 22
25   Chinese Taipei 10 35 5 6 24 30 98 −68 21
26   Philippines 13 46 5 3 38 32 161 −129 18
27   Laos 5 16 4 4 8 20 29 −9 16
28   Tajikistan 5 17 4 4 9 15 30 −15 16
29   Yemen3 7 24 4 3 17 19 45 −26 15
30   Sri Lanka 10 36 4 2 30 35 152 −117 14
31   Cambodia 3 11 3 1 7 14 26 −12 10
32   Pakistan 3 11 3 0 8 12 35 −23 9
33   Kazakhstan 2 10 2 2 6 15 25 −10 8
34   Bangladesh 6 21 1 5 15 10 53 −43 8
35   Lebanon 2 7 1 3 3 5 13 −8 6
36   Oman 3 10 0 4 6 3 20 −17 4
37   Kyrgyzstan 2 6 0 3 3 2 13 −11 3
38     Nepal 4 12 1 0 11 6 47 −41 3
39   Afghanistan 3 10 0 2 8 4 31 −27 2
40   New Zealand4 1 4 0 0 4 2 13 −11 0
41   Brunei 4 13 0 0 13 3 94 −91 0

1 No longer an AFC member.
2 Represented South Vietnam from 1959 to 1974.
3 Representing South Yemen in 1975 and North Yemen in 1978.
4 Not an AFC member: participated in tournament as part of intercontinental play-off to qualify for the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship.

FIFA U-20 World Cup performances

edit
Legend
  • 1st – Champions
  • 2nd – Runners-up
  • 3rd – Third place
  • 4th – Fourth place
  • QF – Quarter-finals
  • R2 – Round 2
  • R1 – Round 1
  •      – Hosts
  •      – Not affiliated to AFC
  • q – Qualified for upcoming tournament
Team  
1977
 
1979
 
1981
 
1983
 
1985
 
1987
 
1989
 
1991
 
1993
 
1995
 
1997
 
1999
 
2001
 
2003
 
2005
 
2007
 
2009
 
2011
 
2013
 
2015
 
2017
 
2019
 
2023
 
2025
Total
  Australia OFC member R1 R1 R1 3
  Bahrain R1 1
  China R1 QF R1 R2 R2 5
  Indonesia R1 1
  Iran R1 R1 R1 3
  Iraq R1 QF R1 4th R1 5
  Japan R1 QF QF 2nd R1 QF R2 R2 R2 R2 R1 11
  Jordan R1 1
  Kazakhstan Part of Soviet Union R1 UEFA member 1
  Malaysia R1 1
  Myanmar R1 1
  North Korea R1 R1 R1 3
  Qatar 2nd R1 R1 R1 4
  Saudi Arabia R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R2 R2 R1 9
  South Korea R1 R1 4th QF R1 R1 R1 R2 R1 R1 QF R2 QF R2 2nd 4th 16
  Syria R1 QF R1 R2 4
  United Arab Emirates R2 QF QF 3
  Uzbekistan Part of Soviet Union R1 R1 QF QF R2 5
  Vietnam R1 1

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "AFC Competitions Committee recommends changes to youth competitions". AFC. 26 November 2018.
  2. ^ "AFC rebrands age group championships to AFC Asian Cups". AFC. 2 October 2020.
  3. ^ "The Straits Times, 16 May 1966, Page 22". Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  4. ^ "Newspapers – The Straits Times, 3 May 1970, Page 22, Myanmar rout Indons 3–0 in final". Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  5. ^ "Latest update on AFC Competitions in 2021". AFC. 25 January 2021.
  6. ^ a b Mahmud, Dulal (20 April 2021). "ঢাকার মাঠে সবচেয়ে বড় ফুটবল উৎসব". Utp al Shuvro (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 22 November 2023.
  7. ^ 韓國, 21年만에단독優勝 金錫垣절묘한어시스트…崔淳鎬헤 딩. Naver.com (in Korean). Dong-A Ilbo. 2 March 1981.
  8. ^ 崔淳鎬 4게임서 4골 最多득점┈守備補完이 課題. Naver.com (in Korean). Kyunghyang. 2 March 1981.
  9. ^ a b 한국 청소년축구 아시아 정상. Naver.com (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 1996-11-01. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  10. ^ a b 한국,일본꺾고 청소년축구 2연패 (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 2 November 1998.
  11. ^ a b [축구]김동현-정조국 ‘희망 쌍두마차’…亞청소년축구 정상 (in Korean). Dong-A Ilbo. 2002-11-01. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  12. ^ a b "A brief history of Park Chu-Young". World Soccer. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
edit