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Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig

"Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig" (Ah how fleeting, ah how insubstantial) is a German Lutheran hymn with lyrics by Michael Franck, who published it with his own melody and a four-part setting in 1652. Johann Crüger's reworked version of the hymn tune was published in 1661. Several Baroque composers used the hymn, including Johann Sebastian Bach, who wrote a chorale cantata. It is part of the current Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch, and has also been used by 20th-century composers such as Ernst Pepping and Mauricio Kagel.

"Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig"
German Lutheran hymn
The hymn in the 1666 edition of Praxis pietatis melica
EnglishAh how fleeting, ah how insubstantial
CatalogueZahn 1887–1889
Written1652 (1652)
Textby Michael Franck
LanguageGerman
Melodyby Johann Crüger
Published1661 (1661)

History

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The lyrics of the hymn were written by Michael Franck after the Thirty Years' War. Franck, who initially worked as a baker, before turning to teaching, poetry, and music, based it on the biblical "Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity." (Ecclesiastes 1:2). His models were vanity poems by Andreas Gryphius, namely "Die Herrlichkeit der Erden / Muß Rauch und Aschen werden" ("The Splendour of the Earth / Will end in smoke and ashes"). He published it in Coburg in 1652, with his melody and a four-part setting. The title referred to "Vanity, Falsehood and Transitoriness of the World" ("Die Eitelkeit / Falschheit und Unbeständigkeit der WELT und Flüchtigkeit der Irrdischen Gütter / Hergegen Das rechte standhaffte GUT der Himmlischen Gemüther").[1][2] The hymn was the topic of sermons (Liedpredigten).[1]

The hymn originally consisted of 13 stanzas of five lines each. All odd stanzas begin with "Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig" ("Oh how fleeting, oh how vain"), and all even stanzas begin "Ach wie nichtig, ach wie flüchtig" ("Oh how vain, oh how fleeting"). The second line specifies what is fleeting, which is expanded by lines three to five, all of which rhyme. Eight of the stanzas are included in the current Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 528.[3]

Melodies and settings

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Franck's original hymn tune, Zahn No. 1887a, was published together with the hymn text in 1652. According to Franck's preface of that publication, the hymn, text as well as melody, had already been printed before. Johann Crüger published his reworked version of the melody, Zahn No. 1887b, in the 1661 edition of his hymnal Praxis pietatis melica. Other tunes for the hymn were composed by Andreas Hammerschmidt (Zahn No. 1888, published 1658) and Peter Sohren [de] (Zahn No. 1889, published 1668).[1][4][5]

Georg Philipp Telemann included settings of the hymn in his cantatas TWV 1:37, 1:38, 4:2 and 4:6. Bach, who used Crüger's variant of the tune in his compositions, based his chorale cantata Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig, BWV 26, for the 24th Sunday after Trinity in 1724, on the hymn.[1][6][7] Bach also composed the chorale prelude "Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig", BWV 644 as No. 46 of his Orgelbüchlein.[8] Johann Gottlieb Naumann used the final stanza for his Zeit und Ewigkeit (Time and Eternity). Several motets and organ settings by Baroque composers are extant.[1] Ernst Pepping used the hymn as the basis for his Partita for organ, No. 1, in 1953.[4] Mauricio Kagel quoted the hymn in his oratorio Sankt-Bach-Passion telling Bach's life, composed for the tricentenary of Bach's birth in 1985.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Fischer, Michael (2007). "Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig". liederlexikon.de (in German). Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  2. ^ "Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  3. ^ Hahn, Gerhard, ed. (2012). "528 Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig". Liederkunde zum Evangelischen Gesangbuch. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 86–95. ISBN 978-3-52-550340-9.
  4. ^ a b "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  5. ^ Zahn, Johannes (1889). "1887a: Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig". Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder (in German). Vol. I. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann. pp. 504–505. also Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder
  6. ^ "Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig BWV 26; BC A 162 / Chorale cantata (24th Sunday after Trinity)". Bach Digital. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  7. ^ Schmieder, Wolfgang, Alfred Dürr, and Yoshitake Kobayashi (eds.). 1998. Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis: Kleine Ausgabe (BWV2a). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 978-3765102493.(in German), p. 471
  8. ^ Williams, Peter (2003), The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 304–306, ISBN 0-521-89115-9
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