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Andriyan Nikolayev

Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash and Russian: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев; 5 September 1929 – 3 July 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut. In 1962, aboard Vostok 3, he became the third Soviet cosmonaut to fly into space. Nikolayev was an ethnic Chuvash[1] and because of it considered the first Turkic cosmonaut.[2]

Andriyan Nikolayev
Андриян Николаев
Nikolayev in 1976
Born(1929-09-05)5 September 1929
Shorshely, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia)
Died3 July 2004(2004-07-03) (aged 74)
Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia
NationalitySoviet
Other namesAndriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev
OccupationPilot
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1963; div. 1982)​
Children1
Space career
Cosmonaut
RankMajor General, Soviet Air Force (1954–1982)
Time in space
21d 15h 20m
SelectionAir Force Group 1
MissionsVostok 3, Soyuz 9
Mission insignia
Signature

Early life

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Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev was born on 5 September 1929, in Shorshely, a village in the Chuvash region of the Volga River valley, and spent his time growing up on a collective farm.[3]

Education and career

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Nikolayev supported his family following the death of his father in 1944, however this was not preferred by his mother, who preferred that he earn an education. Nikolayev later entered medical school before he joined the Soviet army.[3] During his training Nikolayev was able to maintain a very calm state during stressful situations. Nikolayev's calm made him a fair candidate for becoming a cosmonaut. His future colleagues Yuri Gagarin, Gherman Titov, and seventeen others joined him in March 1960. Nikolayev's future wife was cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, and he reportedly kissed her goodbye before boarding Vostok 3.[3]

History

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Nikolayev flew on two space flights: Vostok 3 (becoming the third Soviet cosmonaut) and Soyuz 9. His call sign in these flights was Falcon (Russian: Со́кол). On both, he set new endurance records for the longest time a human being had remained in orbit. He also served as backup for the Vostok 2 and Soyuz 8 missions. On 22 January 1969, Nikolayev survived an assassination attempt on Leonid Brezhnev, undertaken by a Soviet Army deserter, Viktor Ilyin. He left the cosmonaut corps on 26 January 1982.

Nikolayev was also the first person to make a television broadcast from space, in August 1962. Vostok 3 was part the first dual space flight, with Pavel Popovich on Vostok 4.

In the early days of space travel, it was usual to place trainee astronauts into isolation chambers to see how long they could last alone. They sat in silence unable to gauge time. Many men cracked but Nikolayev lasted the longest – four days – and became known as the Iron Man.

On 3 November 1963, he married Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to fly in space (see Vostok 6). They had one daughter, Elena Andriyanovna (now a doctor of medicine), before their marriage collapsed. However, it was not until 1982 that they divorced.

In 2004, Nikolayev died of a heart attack in Cheboksary, the capital of Chuvashia in Russia. A scandal ensued. His daughter, who lives in Moscow, desired that he be interred in the cemetery at Star City. The President of Chuvashia had other ideas. After a farewell ceremony in Cheboksary, Nikolayev was buried in his native village of Shorshely. He has no family living in the republic. Plans are in the works to move the body to Star City.

Nikolayev was also a keen skier:

Service in the Air Force made us strong, both physically and morally. All of us cosmonauts took up sports and PT seriously when we served in the Air Force. I know that Yuri Gagarin was fond of ice hockey. He liked to play goal keeper. Gherman Titov was a gymnastics enthusiast, Andriyan Nikolayev liked skiing, Pavel Popovich went in for weight lifting. I don't think I am wrong when I say that sports became a fixture in the life of the cosmonauts.[4]

Awards

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The lunar crater Nikolaev is named after him.

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    Wedding of Tereshkova and Nikolayev in 1963
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    Tereshkova and Nikolayev with Japanese prime minister Eisaku Satō in 1965
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    Monument to Andriyan Nikolayev in Cheboksary
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    Nikolayev Monument in Shorshely

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Andrian Nikolayev". The Telegraph. 5 July 2004. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  2. ^ Uzaya Çıkan İlk Türk Andriyan G. Nikolayev. Kemalyeri Dergisi. pp. 44–49. ISSN 2791-7568.
  3. ^ a b c Evans, Ben (30 June 2009). Escaping the Bonds of Earth: The Fifties and the Sixties. Springer-Praxis Publishing. pp. 41, 42. ISBN 978-0-387-79093-0.
  4. ^ Bykovsky quoted in Gavrilin, Vyacheslav Sportsmen of the Soviet Union. pp. 26–7
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Further reading

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