Arab al-Fuqara (Arabic: عرب الفقراء) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 10, 1948.[4] At that time, the land records of the village consisted of a total area of 2,714 dunams, of which 2,513 were owned by Jews, 15 owned by Arabs, and the remaining 186 dunams being public lands.
Arab al-Fuqara
عرب الفقراء/الشيخ حلو | |
|---|---|
| Etymology: Sheikh Helu, p.n[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map .jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map .jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Arab al-Fuqara (click the buttons) | |
  Arab al-Fuqara Location within Mandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 32°27′08″N 34°54′21″E / 32.45222°N 34.90583°E | |
| Palestine grid | 140/206 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Haifa |
| Date of depopulation | April 10, 1948[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 15 dunams (1.5 ha or 4 acres) |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 310[2][3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Expulsion by Yishuv forces |
| Current Localities | Hadera[6] |
Location
editThe village was located 42 km southwest of Haifa, south of Wadi al-Mafjar and northwest of Hadera, in a flat, sandy area.[6]
History
edit
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described a local Mukam Sheikh Helu here, and noted a few adobe houses near, which were not noticed in the official [Government] lists.[7]
British Mandate era
editThe Arab villagers were descendants of a section of the al-Balawina Bedouin tribe, whose primary territory was near Beersheba.[6] The area was generally swampy and malarial, and this limited population growth until the mid-1920s.
The gradual and legal expansion of the Jewish town Hadera reduced the free public land available to the Arab villagers, until only a thin strip of land between Hadera and Wadi al-Mafjar was retained (15 dunams),[6] where the land was considered non-cultivable.[8]
The village population in the 1945 statistics was 310, all Muslims.[2][3]
1948 and aftermath
editOn 6 April 1948, the Haganah implemented a new policy for the coastal plains, namely of clearing the whole area of its Arab inhabitants.[9] On 10 April, the villagers of Arab al-Fuqara, together with the villagers of Arab al-Nufay'at and Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri, were ordered to leave the area.[10]
Following the 1948 war, the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and the village's land is now part of the northwestern area of Hadera.[6]
References
edit- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 141
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47
- ^ a b Morris, 2004, p. xviii, village #180. Also gives cause of depopulation
- ^ Hadawi, 1970, total area of 2,714 dunams was divided as Arab owned 15 dunams, Jewish owned 2513 dunams, public 186 dunams
- ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p.144
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 4
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 139
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 245, note 628
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. 245, note 631
Bibliography
edit- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
edit- Maqam sheikh Hilu
- Welcome To 'Arab al-Fuqara'
- Arab al-Fuqara', from Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 7: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Arab al-Fuqara', from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
