Bacolor, officially the Municipality of Bacolor (Kapampangan: Balen ning Bakúlud; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bacolor), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 48,066 people.[4]
Bacolor | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Bacolor | |
 The half-buried San Guillermo Parish Church | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Etymology: Level ground | |
| Nickname: Athens of Pampanga | |
| Motto: "Non Plus Ultra"
(English: "No Further Beyond") | |
 Map of Pampanga with Bacolor highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
.svg)  Bacolor Location within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 14°59′54″N 120°39′10″E / 14.998428°N 120.65265°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Central Luzon |
| Province | Pampanga |
| District | 3rd district |
| Founded | October 8, 1762[1] |
| Barangays | 21 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • mayor of Bacolor[*] | Eduardo "Diman" G. Datu |
| • Vice Mayor | Ron Earvin E. Dungca |
| • Representative | Aurelio D. Gonzales Jr. |
| • Councilors | List |
| • Electorate | 49,843 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
• Total | 71.70 km2 (27.68 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 53 m (174 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | −3 m (−10 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[4] | |
• Total | 48,066 |
| • Density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| • Households | 11,679 |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 3rd municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 6.48 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 240.8 million (2020) |
| • Assets | ₱ 505.4 million (2020) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 155.5 million (2020) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 192.6 million (2020) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Pampanga 2 Electric Cooperative (PELCO 2) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 2001 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)45 |
| Native languages | Kapampangan Tagalog |
| Website | www |
Bacolor is the birthplace of Father Anselmo Jorge de Fajardo, considered the "Father of Kapampangan literature"[6] for writing the 1831 Kapampangan "kumidya" Don Gonzalo de Cordova.
History
editSpanish colonial era
editHistorical records show that Bacolor has been in existence as a proposed settlement as early as 1571, the same year Manila was founded by the Spanish. The original name of the settlement was Bakúlud, which became Hispanicized as "Bacolor" (cf. Bacolod and Bacoor). The original name is Kapampangan for "high level rocky place" or "plateau."[7]
Bacolor officially became the capital of Pampanga in 1755. According to Spanish chronicler Fray Gaspar de San Agustin, before 1755, Mexico town “es la corte de Pampanga,” while Bacolor “es la capital” and Guagua “es igualmente.” Historian Dr. Luciano Santiago theorizes that before Bacolor was formally recognized as provincial capital, it was already informally functioning as capital although other provincial administrative offices were elsewhere in Mexico and Guagua.[8]
During the British occupation of Manila, when Manila fell to the British, it became capital of the exiled government of Governor General Simón de Anda y Salazar from October 6, 1762, to May 30, 1764. The provincial offices were temporarily moved to Factoría (now San Isidro, Nueva Ecija). Through a decree of the King of Spain on November 9, 1765, Bacolor became Villa de Bacólor, one of the only three villas in the Philippines and was granted a special coat of arms. Simón de Anda organized an army of natives for the defense of Bacolor and with the aim of recapturing Manila.[9]
American invasion era
editBacolor remained the capital of Pampanga until the provincial seat of government was transferred to neighboring San Fernando in 1904. Moves to transfer the provincial capital to San Fernando actually began as early as 1852 with an expediente from the alcalde mayor. The King of Spain granted the request in a real cedula dated September 11, 1881.[10] Despite royal approval, the transfer was not executed until August 15, 1904, by virtue of Act No. 1204.[11]
The coming of the American colonizers broke up the military form of government and instead political and economic reforms were introduced. A civil form of government was organized and was inaugurated on February 13, 1901, by Com. William H. Taft which took place in the old Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Bacólor, later known as the Pampanga School of Arts and Trade and now the Don Honorio Ventura State University, the first state university in Pampanga.
The first provincial Civil Governor was Don Ceferino Joven and the first Municipal President of Bacolor was Don Estanislao Santos. Pampanga was acknowledged as the first province to have organized civil government in the Philippines by General Grant, the then President of the United States of America.
Japanese occupation era
editWhen the Second World War broke out, Japanese fighter and bomber planes invaded the municipal town in Bacolor in December 1941 until the town was occupied by the Imperial Japanese forces in 1942. Pampangan guerrillas and Hukbalahap Communist groups joined in an insurgency centered around the municipality of Bacolor, supported by local soldiers and military officers of the Philippine Commonwealth Army. Their attacks against the Japanese occupation continued until 1945, when Filipino and American forces liberated the municipality of Bacolor. [further explanation needed]
Philippine independence
editIn 1956, the sitio of Mesalipit was converted into a barrio.[12]
Due to the eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 15, 1991, the municipality was hit by lahar flows from 1991 to 1995 which buried the town by 20 feet (6.1 m), killing hundreds of people and destroying livelihood. 18 out of the 21 barangays of Bacolor were buried. The lahar from Mount Pinatubo raised the town to its current level of an approximate 37 meters above sea level. Subsidence caused the constant reclaiming of parts of Pampanga by the sea.
Geography
editBacolor is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from San Fernando, 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Angeles, and 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Manila.
Barangays
editBacolor is politically subdivided into 21 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
- Balas
- Cabalantian
- Cabambangan (Poblacion)
- Cabetican
- Calibutbut
- Concepcion
- Dolores
- Duat
- Macabacle
- Magliman
- Maliwalu
- Mesalipit
- Parulog
- Potrero
- San Antonio
- San Isidro
- San Vicente
- Santa Barbara
- Santa Ines
- Talba
- Tinajero
Climate
edit| Climate data for Bacolor, Pampanga | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30 (86) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
31 (88) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
30 (86) |
31 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19 (66) |
20 (68) |
21 (70) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
20 (68) |
23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) |
9 (0.4) |
15 (0.6) |
34 (1.3) |
138 (5.4) |
203 (8.0) |
242 (9.5) |
233 (9.2) |
201 (7.9) |
126 (5.0) |
50 (2.0) |
21 (0.8) |
1,280 (50.4) |
| Average rainy days | 3.7 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 11.2 | 21.2 | 24.9 | 27.7 | 26.5 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 191.3 |
| Source: Meteoblue[13] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[14][15][16][17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In the 2020 census, the population of Bacolor, Pampanga, was 48,066 people,[4] with a density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,700 inhabitants per square mile.
Economy
editPoverty incidence of Bacolor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2006
5.50 2009
6.23 2012
4.36 2015
9.39 2018
3.63 2021
6.48 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] |
Government
editLocal government
edit
Like other towns in the Philippines, Bacolor is governed by a mayor and vice mayor who are elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the town's departments in executing the ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council (Sangguniang Bayan) consisting of councilors from the barangays or barrios.
Town hall
editThe municipal building is the former site of the Venturas house, one of Bacolor's most prominent families. On July 8, 1953, the new town hall was completed during the tenure of Mayor Manuel de Jesus. Its construction was a project of Senator Pablo Ángeles y David, a native of Bacolor.[26]
Tourism
edit
The main landmark of the town is the San Guillermo Parish Church known as the 'sunken church', one of the structures that was half-buried by the lava flow from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The church has since been renovated and is currently operational and may be accessed through what were once the second floor windows, now converted into doorways. The sunken church and town of Bacolor served as the main production location of the 2009–2010 ABS-CBN and 2013 Jeepney TV religious-oriented television series May Bukas Pa from January 15, 2009 to February 5, 2010 (with the show's uncut airing version where a deleted scene of the finale episode was aired from March 11 to December 5, 2013). The municipality also made an appearance in various films such as the 1996 movie Istokwa, 2006 movie Summer Heat and 2008 movie Jay, and in the music video of the song Promise Me by J Brothers. The Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes in Cabetican is also famous for its annual pilgrimage and barrio fiestas.
Other notable landmarks in Bacolor include Memorial Kilometer Posts of the Bataan Death March along the Old National Road, the oldest trade school in Far East, the Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University; the Simón de Anda y Salazar monument at the town hall; monument to the Kapampangan writer and revolutionary leader Juan Crisostomo Soto (1867–1918); and Monument to Felix Galura Y Napao.[27]
Bacolor's festivals are the Feast of San Guillermo and Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario (La Naval) which are celebrated every 10th day of February and 3rd Sunday of November, respectively.
The Sunken Shrine
edit
Buried by the devastating lahar flows of Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991, the Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes of Cabetican (abbreviated as "Maluca"), now more popularly known as the Sunken Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes of Cabetican, remains at the center of the Marian Concordia Pilgrimages and Healing in Pampanga. Originally built as an annex to the older, smaller shrine, it is under the care of Fr. Ronnie Cao, Healing Priest and Rector of the Archdiocesan Shrine.
Notable personalities
edit- Mamerto Natividad, Filipino military leader
- Pablo Ángeles y David, was a Filipino magistrate and statesman. During his career, he became a judge, a member of the Philippine House of Representatives, Governor of Pampanga and a member of the Senate of the Philippines.
- Francisco Tongio Liongson, former Senator of the Philippines
- Francisco Alonso Liongson, the son of Francisco Tongio Liongson
- Pedro Tongio Liongson, Filipino lawyer and member of the Malolos Congress
- Práxedes Fajardo, Filipina revolutionary
- Jayson Castro, is a Filipino professional basketball player currently playing in the Philippine Basketball Association.
- Zoilo Galang, Filipino writer from Pampanga
- Jordan Clarkson, Filipino-American professional basketball player
References
edit- ^ Baluyut, Joelyn G. (October 10, 2012). "Bacolor celebrates 250th anniversary with unveiling of statue of Spanish official". PIA Gitnang Luzon. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
- ^ Municipality of Bacolor | (DILG)
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ Santiago, Luciano (2002). Laying the Foundations: Kapampangan Pioneers in the Philippine Church, 1592-2001. Angeles City: The Juan D. Nepomuceno Center for Kapampangan Studies. ISBN 971-92417-1-3. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- ^ Forman, Michael Lawrence (2019). Kapampangan Dictionary. University of Hawaii Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780824881122.
- ^ "Tantingco, Robby P. The Moveable Capital of Pampanga. Singsing, Vol. 4 No. 1" (PDF). Center for Kapampangan Studies.
- ^ Orejas, Tonette (November 18, 2016). "Pampanga town that survived Mt. Pinatubo reclaims Spanish name and seal". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ "Henares, Ivan Anthony. 1881-1904: How San Fernando Became Capital of Pampanga. Singsing, Vol. 4 No. 1" (PDF). Center for Kapampangan Studies.
- ^ "Henares, Ivan Anthony. Timeline of San Fernando History. Singsing, Vol. 4 No. 1" (PDF). Center for Kapampangan Studies.
- ^ "An Act Creating the Barrio of Mesalipit in the Municipality of Bacolor, Province of Pampanga". LawPH.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2011.
- ^ "Bacolor: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
- ^ "Province of Pampanga". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ "Municipal building". Baculud.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ "Historical sites". Baculud.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
External links
edit