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Bolsonarism

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Bolsonarism (bolsonarismo in Portuguese) is a far-right political[1][2][3][4] phenomenon that broke out in Brazil with the rise in popularity of Jair Bolsonaro, especially during his campaign in the presidential election in Brazil in 2018, which elected him president. The Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) crisis during the Dilma Rousseff government, precipitated and accelerated by the political-economic crisis of 2014, strengthened Bolsonarist ideology and the Brazilian new right, which are part of the context of the rise of New Right populism at an international level.[5][6]

Bolsonarism was the predominant ideology of the Bolsonaro government and is associated with rhetoric defending the family, patriotism, conservatism, religion and authoritarianism, neo-fascist elements, anti-communism, scientific denialism, carrying weapons, rejection of human rights and the aversion to the political left, as well as the cult of the figure of Bolsonaro, often called a "myth".[4][7] The writer Olavo de Carvalho is often cited as having been the guru of the Bolsonarist ideology.[8][9][10][11][12]

Although former president Jair Bolsonaro defines his government as "free from ideological constraints",[13] he does not recognize Bolsonarism as an ideology, his followers — pejoratively called "Bolsominions" — diverge between those who agree with Bolsonaro[14] and those who flaunt the term to express their political position.[15]

Bolsonarism has attracted several followers and fanatics, who, in the name of Jair Bolsonaro or based on his ideas, have carried out several extremist attacks and terrorist acts such as 2023 Brazilian Congress attack and the 2024 Brasília attack.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Phillips, Dom (2018-01-14). "Brazil's far-right presidential contender gets soft drink named after him". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  2. ^ Barón, Francho (2014-10-07). "O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  3. ^ "Por que assistimos a uma volta do fascismo à brasileira". Folha de São Paulo. 2021-03-29. Archived from the original on 2021-03-29. Retrieved 2024-11-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. ^ a b Ribeiro, Guilherme. "Entre armas e púlpitos: a necropolítica do Bolsonarismo". Continentes: 463–485. ISSN 2317-8825. Retrieved 2024-11-16 – via PPGGEO-UFRRJ. Myth means childishly mixing reality and imagination. Being outside of history but, at the same time, having the powers to intervene in it. Losing the notion of humanity when calling for a superman capable of solving everything seen as a problem. The myth is a delusional cry in the name of the elimination of the other and if perhaps the tragedy of death emerges on the horizon of life and historical time reclaims its rights, the right will always be able to find the excuse that it did not imagine that things would happen in such a way as to how the left would have done much worse. In short, the myth is the impeccable alibi of authoritarianism.
  5. ^ Galinari, Tiago Nogueira (2019-08-29). "A "Guinada à direita" e a nova política externa brasileira". Caderno de Geografia (in Portuguese) (2): 190–211. doi:10.5752/P.2318-2962.2019v29n2p190-211. ISSN 2318-2962. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  6. ^ Brasil em transe : Bolsonarismo, nova direita e desdemocratização. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina Raquel. 2019. OCLC 1112610937.
  7. ^ Graieb, Carlos (2021-01-29). "Prepare-se para falar de armas". ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  8. ^ "Militares entram na mira de Olavo de Carvalho, 'guru' de Bolsonaro - Metro 1". Metro 1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  9. ^ "Guru do bolsonarismo, Olavo de Carvalho orienta alunos a deixarem governo". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  10. ^ "Olavo de Carvalho chama parlamentares do PSL de semianalfabetos". Estado de Minas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  11. ^ "Guru de Bolsonaro, Olavo de Carvalho reforça crítica ao Escola sem Partido: "Colocaram a carroça na frente dos bois"". GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  12. ^ "Olavo de Carvalho já perdeu 250 financiadores desde a eleição de Bolsonaro". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  13. ^ "Cinco pontos que marcaram os discursos de posse de Bolsonaro". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  14. ^ "Silas Malafaia: "Não sou bolsominion"". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  15. ^ "O que é ser bolsonarista?". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  16. ^ "Rodovias têm 167 bloqueios com protestos de bolsonaristas; veja situação por estado". Valor Investe (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  17. ^ "Acordo da PGR com investigados por atos golpistas pode prever curso sobre democracia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-09-18. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  18. ^ "Capitólio do Brasil, ato violento: como invasão repercute pelo mundo [08/01/2023]". UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  19. ^ "Trailer de homem que atacou STF tinha boné com slogan de Bolsonaro | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  20. ^ "O terrorista bolsonarista e a anistia". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  21. ^ Filho, João (2024-11-16). "Bombas de 'Tio França' não são caso isolado, são terrorismo bolsonarista". Intercept Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  22. ^ "Lobo solitário ou alcateia terrorista: Brasília vê guerra de narrativas após atentado de bolsonarista". Brasil de Fato (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-15. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
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