Wikipedia

Brooklyn College

(Redirected from Brooklyn Bulldogs)
For the former Brooklyn Technical College in Great Barr, Birmingham, England, now the James Watt campus, see Birmingham Metropolitan College.

Brooklyn College is a public university in Brooklyn in New York City, United States. It is part of the City University of New York system and as of 2019 enrolls over 17,000 undergraduate and over 2,800 graduate students on a 35-acre (14 ha) campus in the Midwood and Flatbush sections of Brooklyn.

Brooklyn College
MottoLatin: Nil sine magno labore
Motto in English
Nothing without great effort[1]
TypePublic university
Established1930; 94 years ago (1930)
Parent institution
City University of New York
Endowment$98.0 million (2019)[2]
Budget$123.96 million (2021)[1]
PresidentMichelle Anderson
ProvostApril Bedford, Interim
Academic staff
534 full-time,
878 part-time (2018)[1]
Students14,195[3] (Fall 2022)
Undergraduates14,970 (2019)[1]
Postgraduates2,841 (2019)[1]
Location
Brooklyn, New York City
,
New York
,
United States

40°37′52″N 73°57′9″W / 40.63111°N 73.95250°W / 40.63111; -73.95250
CampusUrban, 35 acres (14 ha)[1]
Colors    Maroon, gold, & grey[4]
NicknameBulldogs
Sporting affiliations
MascotBuster the Bulldog
Websitewww.brooklyn.cuny.edu

New York City's first public coeducational liberal arts college, the college was formed in 1930 by the merger of the Brooklyn branches of Hunter College (centered in Manhattan), then a women's college, and of the City College of New York (also Manhattan), then a men's college, both established in 1926. Once tuition-free, the city's 1975 fiscal crisis ended the free tuition policy. The college also consolidated to its main campus.

Prominent alumni of Brooklyn College include US senators, federal judges, US financial chairmen, Olympians, CEOs, and recipients of Academy Awards, Emmy Awards, Pulitzer Prizes, and Nobel Prizes.

College history

edit

Early decades

edit

Brooklyn College was founded in 1930.[5] That year, as directed by the New York City Board of Higher Education on April 22, the college authorized the combination of the Downtown Brooklyn branches of Hunter College, at that time a women's college, and the City College of New York, then a men's college, both established in 1926.[6][7][8] Meanwhile, Brooklyn College became the first public coeducational liberal arts college in New York City.[9] The school opened in September 1930,[10] holding separate classes for men and women until their junior years.[7][11] Admission would require passing a stringent entrance exam.[12]

 
Brooklyn College Library, situated on the East Quad, designed by original architect Randolph Evans

In 1932, architect Randolph Evans drafted a plan for the campus on a substantial plot that his employer owned in Brooklyn's Midwood section.[13] Evans sketched a Georgian campus facing a central quadrangle, and anchored by a library building with a tower.[14] Evans presented the sketches to the college's then president, Dr. William A. Boylan,[15] who approved the layout.

The land was bought for $1.6 million (equivalent to $35.7 million in 2023),[16][17] and construction allotment was $5 million (equivalent to $112 million in 2023).[16][12] Construction began in 1935.[18] At the groundbreaking ceremony was Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and Brooklyn Borough President Raymond Ingersoll.[12] In 1936, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited and laid the gymnasium's cornerstone.[19][12] The new campus opened for the fall 1937 semester.[20][21] In the 1940s, Boylan, Ingersoll, Roosevelt and La Guardia each became namesake of a campus building.[22][23][24]

During the tenure of its second president, Harry Gideonse, from 1939 to 1966, Brooklyn College ranked high nationally in number of alumni with doctorate degrees.[25][26] As academics fled Nazi Germany, nearly a third of refugee historians who were female would at some point work at Brooklyn College.[9] In 1944, sociologist Marion Vera Cuthbert became the first permanent black faculty member appointed at any of the New York municipal colleges.[27] And in 1956, with John Hope Franklin joining, Brooklyn College became the first "white" college to hire on a permanent basis a historian who was black.[28]

In 1959, still tuition-free, about 8,000 undergraduates were enrolled.[29] In 1962, the college joined six other colleges to form the City University of New York, creating the world's second-largest university.[30] In 1983, Brooklyn College named its library the Harry D. Gideonse Library.[25][31]

Nevertheless, Gideonse remains a controversial figure in the college's history; as one account noted, he is "either lauded as a hero and great educator in hagiographic accounts . . . or decried by faculty and alumni as an autocrat who stifled academic freedom and students' rights."[32][33]

In addition to his curricular and student life reforms, Gideonse was known for his decades-long campaign to ferret out Communists among the college community and his testimony before congressional and state investigating committees during the Second Red Scare.[34][35][36][37][38]

On the other hand, perhaps retaining the memory of the time when, as a University of Chicago professor, he was unjustly accused of being a Communist and advocating "free love,"[39] Gideonse also attacked those who, without evidence, charged faculty, staff and students with being subversives and defended faculty free speech rights against outside critics.[40][41][42][43]

The college's third president, Francis Kilcoyne, served from 1966 to 1967.[44] The fourth president, Harold Syrett, resigned due to ill health in February 1969, when George A. Peck was named acting president.[45][46] John Kneller, Brooklyn College's fifth president, served from 1969 until 1979.[47][48][49] These presidents served during what were perhaps the most tumultuous years for Brooklyn College.

During the Vietnam War, as they did on other U.S. campuses, student protests rocked Brooklyn College. President Gideonse, in a 1965 television interview, blamed demonstrations on Communists who were "duping the innocents" into demanding more freedom on campus,[50] leading the New York Civil Liberties Union to criticize Gideonse for "his efforts to smear student groups at the college with the Communist label."[51]

Also in 1965, student protests forced the Gideonse administration to rescind new, stricter dress rules that forbade male students from wearing dungarees or sweatshirts on campus at any time and mandated that female students wear skirts and blouses even in extremely cold weather.[52] After Gideonse's retirement in June 1966,[53] a newly-appointed dean of administration, Dante Negro, said he was not bothered by the students' more casual dress "that makes it hard to distinguish between the sexes," calling it "a passing fad."[54]

On October 21, 1967, a front-page story in The New York Times reported that the college was virtually closed down by a strike of thousands of students angered by police action against antiwar demonstrators protesting U.S. Navy recruiters earlier in the week.[55] Five days later, another front-page Times story reported that students had agreed to return to classes after an agreement was reached with college administrators after negotiations.[56] A few days after that, President Kilcoyne walked out when New York Mayor John V. Lindsay appeared at the college, citing Lindsay's insult in calling the school "Berkeley East."[57][58]

Around the same time, the college's students were involved in campus protests involving racial issues. In May 1968, Brooklyn College news again made the front page of The New York Times when police broke up a 16-hour sit-in at the registrar's office to demand that more Black and Puerto Rican students be admitted to the school.[59] At trial, a Black Brooklyn judge reacted angrily when one student said they had been reacting to racism and sentenced him and 32 other white students to five days in jail for the sit-in.[60] In May 1969, 19 or 20 Brooklyn College students faced criminal charges in connection with campus disorders during the spring semester, including raids in which students allegedly ransacked files and smoke-bombed the library.[61][62][63]

In late April 1970, students demanding more open admissions and racial diversity staged a sit-in at President Kneller's office, holding him and five deans there for several hours.[64] The next week, in early May 1970, students seized the president's office and other buildings during a student strike upon the Kent State shootings and the Cambodian Campaign.[65][66][67] President Kneller terminated classes, but kept campus buildings open for students and faculty, obtaining a court order against students occupying buildings.[68][69][70]

In October 1974, 200 Hispanic students took over the registrar's office to protest President Kneller's appointment of a chair of the Puerto Rican Studies Department different from that of the person selected by a faculty search committee.[71] Defying a judge's temporary court order to leave the building, the protesters were supported at a rallies outside Boylan Hall by many student groups and the alumni association, but Kneller refused to rescind his controversial appointment.[72][73] Protests flared up again in the spring 1975 semester with another takeover of the registrar's office.[74] By January 1976, the college's faculty union voted "no confidence" in Kneller, charging that he "consistently ignored faculty rights" and failed to provide leadership.[75]

Brooklyn College, along with the rest of CUNY, shut down for two weeks in May and June 1976 as the university was unable to pay its bills.[76] Amid New York City's financial crisis, near bankruptcy, Brooklyn College's campus in downtown Brooklyn closed, leaving the Midwood campus as the Brooklyn College's only campus.[77] In the fall of 1976, with some 30,000 undergraduates enrolled, the college charged tuition for the first time.[29]

In January 1978, the college's Faculty Council approved a vote of "no confidence" in President Kneller on Wednesday and recommended to the Board of Higher Education that he be replaced.[78]

Brooklyn College's sixth president was Robert Hess, who served from 1979 to 1992.[79][80][81][82] Hess initiated major changes in the college curriculum, mandating a standard core for all students.[83][84] Implementation of the new curriculum was aided by a large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.[85] By 1984, in a national report's otherwise gloomy assessment of humanities education, Brooklyn College was singled out as "a bright spot" among American universities for stressing the study of the humanities.[86]

In a 1988 survey of thousands of American college deans, Brooklyn College ranked 5th in providing students with a strong general education, and was the only public institution among the top five.[80][81] As of 1989, Brooklyn College ranked 11th in the US, and ahead of six of the eight Ivy League universities, by number of graduates who had acquired doctoral degrees.[87] At Brooklyn College being called “the poor man’s Harvard,” President Hess quipped, “I like to think of Harvard as the rich man’s Brooklyn College.”[88]

Even as Brooklyn College rebounded academically, it suffered a severe budget crunch in the 1988-1989 school year due to reductions in state financing; this resulted in fewer courses, larger classes, no new faculty and staff hirings, supply shortages, and deferral of maintenance of buildings and grounds.[89]

Vernon Lattin was the seventh president of Brooklyn College, from 1992 to 2000.[90][91][92][93][94] During Lattin's tenure, Brooklyn College began a complete overhaul of campus buildings[95] and vastly improved computer and Internet access for students and faculty.[96][97] The college returned to intercollegiate sports competition[98] and the college chess team won U.S. and international championships.[99][100] Lattin was also president at the time of the first individual million-dollar donation to the Brooklyn College Foundation.[101]

Modern history

edit

Brooklyn College's campus leafy East Quad looks much like it did when it was originally constructed.[5] The campus also serves as home to BCBC/ Brooklyn College Presents complex and its four theaters, including the George Gershwin.

Gershwin Hall was demolished and replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, for which ground was broken in 2011.[12] The performing arts center was named for alumni Leonard and Claire Tow, who gifted $10 million to the college.[5][102] Other changes to the original design include the demolition of Plaza Building, due to its inefficient use of space, poor ventilation, and significant maintenance costs.[103] To replace the Plaza Building, the college constructed West Quad Center, designed by the notable Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly. The new building contains classroom space, offices, gymnasiums and a swimming pool. It houses the offices of Registration, Admissions, Financial Aid, and the Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science.[104] The grounds contain a quadrangle with grassy areas and trees. New façades are being constructed on Roosevelt and James halls where they once connected with Plaza Building. The 2009–10 CUNYAC championship men's basketball team now plays its home games in the West Quad Center.

This followed a major $70 million library renovation completed in 2003 that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place.[5] The Brooklyn College library is now located in its original location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall.

From 2000 to 2009 when he retired, Christoph M. Kimmich was the eighth president of Brooklyn College.[105][106] In the 2003 edition of The Best 345 Colleges, the Princeton Review named Brooklyn College as the most beautiful campus in the country and ranked it fifth in the nation for "Best Academic Bang for the Buck".[30][107]

Karen L. Gould was named the ninth president of Brooklyn College in 2009.[108] Among her accomplishments were creating a new graduate film school and four new academic schools, new athletic fields, and increasing enrollment in the sciences.[109] Her tenure was marked by repeated free speech controversies involving Israel that drew both criticism and praise.[110][111][112][113][114][115][116] After 42 years in higher education, Gould announced her retirement in 2015.[117]

Michelle Anderson became the 10th president of Brooklyn College in 2016.[118] In 2016, Brooklyn College announced a new home for the Koppelman School of Business, with the planned construction of a new building, Koppelman Hall, on property adjacent to the 26-acre campus bought in 2011. This increased the campus size to 35 acres.[119]

For four straight years, starting in 2018, U.S. News & World Report named Brooklyn College the most ethnically diverse college in the North Region.[120]

 
View from the West Quad looking onto the East Quad (from left to right, James Hall, Boylan Hall, the library, Ingersoll Hall, and Roosevelt Hall)

Schools

edit
 
Entry gate
 
West Quad Center
 
James Hall
 
Roosevelt Hall
 
Boylan Hall
 
Lily Pond

Brooklyn College has five schools:

  • Murray Koppelman School of Business
  • School of Education
  • School of Humanities and Social Sciences
  • School of Natural and Behavioral Sciences
  • School of Visual, Media, and Performing Arts

Academics

edit

Undergraduate curriculum

edit

Beginning in 1981, the college instituted a group of classes that all undergraduates were required to take, called "Core Studies".[12] The classes were: Classical Origins of Western Culture, Introduction to Art, Introduction to Music, People, Power, and Politics, The Shaping of the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning and Computer Programming, Landmarks of Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Studies in African, Asian, and Latin American Cultures, and Knowledge, Existence and Values.[121]

In 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11.[122] In the fall of 2013, Brooklyn College embarked on CUNY's new general education alternative, the Pathways curriculum, consisting of three components: Required Core (four courses), Flexible Core (six courses) and College Option (four courses)—totaling 42 credits.[123] Brooklyn College offers over a hundred majors varying from the visual arts to Women's Studies.[124]

Division of Graduate Studies

edit

The Division of Graduate Studies at Brooklyn College was established in 1935 and offers more than seventy programs in the arts, education, humanities, sciences, and computer and social sciences. Among those programs is the Graduate theatre program, which is the top ranked in the CUNY system and 14th in the United States; faculty include Tony Award nominee Justin Townsend.[125][126]

B.A.–M.D. program

edit

The Brooklyn College B.A.–M.D. program is an eight-year program affiliated with SUNY Downstate Medical Center. The program follows a rigorous selection process, with a maximum of 15 students selected every year. Each student selected to the program receives a Brooklyn College Presidential Scholarship. B.A.–M.D. students must engage in community service for three years, beginning in their lower sophomore semester. During one summer of their undergraduate studies, students are required to volunteer in a clinical setting where they are involved in direct patient care. B.A.–M.D. students are encouraged to major in the humanities or social sciences.[127]

The Scholars Program

edit

The Scholars Program is home to a small number of students with strong writing ability and academic record. Being the oldest honors program in the CUNY system, The Scholars Program has served as a model for many other honors programs nationwide. It was established in 1960 and is an interdisciplinary liberal arts program. The program offers honors-level Core courses and seminars as well as small, personalized classes. Upon graduation from Brooklyn College, many Scholars continue their education in competitive programs at top-ranked universities like Princeton, Yale, and New York University. The program accepts incoming freshmen in addition to matriculated sophomores and transfer students (up to 48 credits). Once admitted, they receive a Brooklyn College Foundation Presidential Scholarship of up to $4,000 for every year of their undergraduate study at Brooklyn College and a laptop computer.[128]

Coordinated Engineering Program

edit

The Coordinated Honors Engineering Program offers a course of study equivalent to the first two years at any engineering school. Students who maintain the required academic level are guaranteed transfer to one of the three coordinating schools—New York University Tandon School of Engineering, City College of New York School of Engineering, and the College of Staten Island Engineering Science Program—to complete their bachelor's degree in engineering. Coordinating Engineering students have also transferred to the New York Institute of Technology, Stony Brook University, University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan, Cooper Union, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Students admitted as incoming First-Year receive a Brooklyn College Foundation Presidential Scholarship that provides full tuition for their two years of full-time undergraduate study in the Coordinated Engineering Program. As members of the Honors Academy, Engineering Honors students take advantage of individual advising, faculty consultation, and early registration. In the Commons they find study facilities, computer access, academic, scholarship, internship, and career opportunities, and, above all, intellectual stimulation among other talented students like themselves. Students applying to the Engineering Honors Program will also be considered for the Scholars Program.[129]

Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema

edit
Main article: Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema

Barry R. Feirstein Graduate School of Cinema is the first public graduate film school in New York City. It is the only film school in America to have its own classroom on a film lot with the collaboration of Steiner Studios, the largest soundstage on the East Coast. The program offers a two-year M.A. in Cinema Studies, a two-year M.F.A. in Cinema Arts in the discipline of Producing, and a three-year M.F.A in Cinema Arts with five disciplines of Cinematography, Directing, Post-production, Screenwriting, and Digital Arts and Visual Effects. The school opened in the fall of 2015. The first graduating class was in Spring 2018.

Rankings

edit
Academic rankings
Master's
Washington Monthly[130]84
Regional
U.S. News & World Report[131]38
National
Forbes[132]362
WSJ/College Pulse[133]358

U.S. News & World Report ranked the school tied for 62nd overall as a Regional college (North region), 6th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility", 15th in "Top Public Schools", and tied for 33rd in "Best Colleges for Veterans" for 2021.[134]

Athletics

edit

Brooklyn College athletic teams are nicknamed the Bulldogs. The college is a member at the Division III level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); primarily competing in the City University of New York Athletic Conference (CUNYAC) since the 1996–97 academic year (which they also competed in a previous stint from 1978–79 to 1979–80). The Bulldogs previously competed in the East Coast Conference at the Division I level during the 1991–92 academic year.

Men's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball. Their basketball program would find infamy for being the first reported incident of a potential bribe to fix a game against the Municipal University of Akron (now just the University of Akron) on January 29, 1945, leading to five arrests against Brooklyn College's players in question.[135] Another former basketball player of theirs, a previous captain named David Budin, would later be involved as a part of the 1961 NCAA University Division men's basketball gambling scandal as a late addition for Jack Molinas' rigging group in question.[136] The football field was used for the outdoor scenes in the 1978 adult film Debbie Does Dallas.[137]

Mascot

edit

In 2010, Brooklyn College adopted the Bulldog as its new mascot.[138] The athletic program was originally known as the Kingsmen. In 1994, the mascot was changed to the Bridges. However, after the school built new facilities and underwent other changes the athletic director pushed for a new name to reflect the new program.[139]

Notable people

edit

Notable alumni

edit
Main article: List of Brooklyn College alumni

Notable alumni of Brooklyn College in government include Senate majority leader and 1996 Republican presidential nominee: Bob Dole (1943-1944),[140] Senator Bernie Sanders (1959–1960),[141][142] Senator Barbara Boxer (née Barbara Levy; B.A. 1962), Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm (B.A. 1946), Securities and Exchange Commission chairmen Manuel F. Cohen (B.S. 1933) and Harvey Pitt (B.A. 1965), and federal judges Rosemary S. Pooler (B.A. 1959), Jack B. Weinstein (B.A. 1943), Sterling Johnson Jr. (B.A. 1963), Edward R. Korman (B.A. 1963), Joel Harvey Slomsky (B.A. 1967), and Jason K. Pulliam (B.A. 1995; M.A. 1997).

Notable alumni in business include Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu CEO Barry Salzberg (B.S. 1974), Adobe Inc. CEO Bruce Chizen (B.S. 1978), Warner Bros. and Los Angeles Dodgers CEO Robert A. Daly, New York Mets President Saul Katz (B.A. 1960), Boston Celtics owner Marvin Kratter (1937), David Geffen, New Line Cinema CEO Michael Lynne (B.A. 1961), CBS Records CEO Walter Yetnikoff (B.A. 1953), Vanguard Records co-founder Maynard Solomon (B.A. 1950), and Gannett Chairman Marjorie Magner (B.S. 1969).

Notable alumni in the sciences and academia include Nobel Prize–winning biochemist Stanley Cohen (B.A. 1943), Fields Medal–winning mathematician Paul Cohen (1953), social psychologists Stanley Milgram (B.A. 1954) and Philip Zimbardo (B.A. 1954), Harvard Law School professor and author Alan M. Dershowitz (A.B. 1959), Columbia Law School Dean Barbara Aronstein Black (B.A. 1953), California State University Chancellor Barry Munitz (B.A. 1963), City College of New York President Lisa Staiano-Coico (B.S. 1976), and NASA scientist and College of William & Mary professor Joel S. Levine (B.S. 1964).

Notable alumni in the arts include Academy, Emmy, and Tony Award–winning director, writer, and actor Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; 1946), Golden Globe Award–winning actor James Franco (M.F.A. 2009), Emmy Award–winning actor Jimmy Smits (B.A. 1980), Academy Award–winning screenwriter Frank Tarloff (B.A.), Academy Award-nominated filmmakers Paul Mazursky (B.A. 1952) and Oren Moverman (B.A. 1992), Sopranos stars Steve Schirripa (B.A. 1980) and Dominic Chianese (B.A. 1961), director Joel Zwick (1962; M.A. 1968), Grammy Award winner Peter Nero (born Bernard Nierow; B.A. 1956), O. Henry Award–winning author Irwin Shaw (born Irwin Shamforoff; B.A. 1934); and a number of Pulitzer Prize winners: author Frank McCourt (M.A. 1967), playwrights Howard Sackler (B.A. 1950) and Annie Baker (M.F.A. 2009), journalists Sylvan Fox (B.A. 1951), Stanley Penn (1947), and Harold C. Schonberg (B.A. 1937), photographer Max Desfor, and historian Oscar Handlin (B.A. 1934).

Other notable alumni include Olympic fencers Ralph Goldstein and Nikki Franke (B.S. 1972), chess grandmaster and five-time U.S. champion Gata Kamsky (B.A. 1999), Jewish Defense League founder Meir Kahane (B.A. 1954), and civil rights activist Al Sharpton (1975).

Notable faculty

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Fast Facts". CUNY – Brooklyn College. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  2. ^ "Overview of CUNY—Brooklyn College"
  3. ^ "College Navigator - CUNY Brooklyn College". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  4. ^ "Visual Identity System" (PDF). Brooklyn College. City University of New York. 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d Ellen Freudenheim, Anna Wiener (April 2004). Brooklyn!, 3rd Edition: The Ultimate Guide to New York's Most Happening Borough. Macmillan. ISBN 9780312323318. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  6. ^ "Brooklyn Wins Long Fight For Own Public College; Boylan to Be President". Brooklyn Daily Times. April 23, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b Bulletin – United States. Office of Education. 1932. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  8. ^ Berroll, Selma and Gargan, William M. "Brooklyn College" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2., p. 176
  9. ^ a b Quack, Sibylle (2002-11-07). Between Sorrow and Strength: Women Refugees of the Nazi Period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521522854. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  10. ^ "Brooklyn College Has First Meeting". Brooklyn Daily Times. September 16, 1930. p. 2. Retrieved May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Brooklyn College – The Peopling of New York City". Macaulay.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-28.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Our History | Brooklyn College". Brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  13. ^ "Evans Appointed Architect for Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 20, 1935. p. 6. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Brooklyn College, 83 Percent Finished, Will Teach 10,000". Brooklyn Times Union. October 11, 1936. p. 13. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Dr. Boylan Assumes Charge of New Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Daily Times. May 15, 1930. p. 2. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ a b 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  17. ^ "City Takes Title Today to Ground for Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Times Union. June 18, 1935. p. 3. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Laborers Busy on Site of New B'klyn College". Brooklyn Citizen. October 3, 1935. p. 3. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Million Hail Roosevelt Here for Cornerstone Ceremony at Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 28, 1936. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "LaGuardia Opens Brooklyn College $5,900,000 Home". Brooklyn Citizen. October 18, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Students Give LaGuardia School Yell As New Brooklyn College Opens Doors". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 18, 1937. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Boro College Ends Ban On Military Training". Brooklyn Eagle. September 24, 1940. p. 9. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Shop Talk for Man Hunters". Brooklyn Eagle. May 14, 1945. p. 9. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "LaGuardia Portrait Presented". Brooklyn Eagle. December 10, 1949. p. 9. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ a b Service, N. Y. Times News (15 March 1985). "HARRY D. GIDEONSE, 83; HEADED BROOKLYN COLLEGE". chicagotribune.com.
  26. ^ "Biographical note", New School for Social Research Libraries & Archives.
  27. ^ Mara, Margaret (September 26, 1944). "Negro Educator Appointed to Boro College". Brooklyn Eagle. p. 3. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "Negro Will Head Dept. of History At Brooklyn". The Gazette and Daily (York, Pennsylvania). Associated Press. February 15, 1956. p. 2. Retrieved May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ a b Davis, Bob (February 23, 2016). "Bernie Sanders's Free Tuition Failed a Cost Test in Past" (PDF). The Wall Street Journal.
  30. ^ a b "Decade by Decade: Our 75th Anniversary!" (PDF), Brooklyn College Community Corner, 2005.
  31. ^ Waggoner, Walter H. (March 14, 1985). "Dr. Harry D. Gideonse Dead; Ex-Head of Brooklyn College". The New York Times.
  32. ^ "In loco parentis: Harry Gideonse and the Making of Brooklyn College". CUNY Academic Commons: Countdown to 2030. May 7, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  33. ^ "Gideonse Assails 'Splinter' Groups". The New York Times. March 22, 1940. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  34. ^ "Riotous Reds Raided Classes, Cowed Pupils, Says Gideonse". Brooklyn Eagle. December 4, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Quick Action Pledged On College Red Purge". Brooklyn Eagle. May 1, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ "Probe Is Urged of Red Attack on Gideonse". Brooklyn Eagle. May 7, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Gideonse, in 10 Years, Checked Red Trend in Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Eagle. September 27, 1948. p. 8. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ Healy, Paul (March 12, 1953). "Campus Red a Nearly Extinct Bird, Gideonse Tells Probe". Daily News. New York. p. 5. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "Drug King Charges Free Varsity Love". Daily News. New York. May 14, 1935. p. 3. Retrieved May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^ "Gideonse Defies Red Probe To Produce Legal Evidence". The Brooklyn Citizen. April 23, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ "Gideonse Set to Drop Charges Against Tutor". Brooklyn Eagle. September 23, 1944. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ "Off-Color Magazines Allowed by Gideonse In Brooklyn College". Brooklyn Eagle. March 28, 1944. p. 1. Retrieved May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ "College President Hits Red-Baiting". The American Guardian (Oklahoma City). December 20, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^ "Patrick Kilcoyne, Educator is Dead". The New York Times & Arno Press. 18 March 1985.
  45. ^ Purdum, Todd S. (July 30, 1984). "Dr. Harold Syrett, Historian and Hamilton Papers Editor". The New York Times.
  46. ^ "Brooklyn College Names President". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Associated Press. August 13, 1969. p. 21A. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ "MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK HELD JANUARY 29, 1979"
  48. ^ "Dr. Kneller, Former Brooklyn College President, Dies at 82". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  49. ^ Lubasch, Arnold H. (March 20, 1970). "Kneller Inducted as Head of Brooklyn College". The New York Times.
  50. ^ Kline, Polly (April 10, 1965). "Wordy War: Prexy vs. 'Rebels'". Daily News. New York. p. 14. Retrieved May 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ "Gideonse Is Accused Of Smearing Students". Daily News. New York. April 19, 1965. p. 1B. Retrieved May 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ Stern, Jonathan (January 24, 1965). "Student Protest Ends Garb Rule". Daily News. New York. p. B58. Retrieved May 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "Nine to Retire From College With Gideonse". Daily News. New York. June 5, 1966. p. BKL64. Retrieved May 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ "New Dean Sees Teen Trend's End". Daily News. New York. June 19, 1966. p. B54. Retrieved May 27, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ Bigart, Homer (October 21, 1967). "Protest Ties Up Brooklyn Campus; College Virtually Closed as 80% of Students Strike Over Action by Police". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  56. ^ Schumach, Murray (October 25, 1967). "Brooklyn College Students Vote To Return to Classrooms Today; Students To End Brooklyn Tie-Up". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  57. ^ "Explains Snub of the Mayor". Daily News. New York. October 29, 1967. p. 15. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ "'Berkeley East' Label Protested". Oakland Tribune. Associated Press. October 29, 1967. p. 16. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ Collier, Barnard L. (May 21, 1968). "Police Break Up Sit-In in Brooklyn College Office". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  60. ^ Ross, Edwin (May 28, 1969). "Youth's Talk Riles Negro Judge". Daily News. New York. p. 33. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^ Pugh, Thomas; Abelman, Lester (May 3, 1969). "500 Cops Rout Queens College Rebs". Daily News. New York. p. 3. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ^ "19 Face Criminal Charges in Brooklyn Riots". The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana). Associated Press. May 14, 1969. p. 7-A. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ Ross, Edwin; McNamara, Joseph (May 14, 1969). "20 Indicted in B'klyn College Turmoil". Daily News. New York. p. 3. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^ Kiernan, Joseph (May 1, 1970). "Students Hold Prexy, Five Deans in Admission Plea". Daily News. New York. p. 53. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Kneller OKs War Protest". Daily News. New York. May 5, 1970. p. K1. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^ Kappstatter, Robert (May 8, 1970). "7,000 Kids Take Over Empty B'klyn College". Daily News. New York. p. 47. Retrieved May 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ Grayson, Richard (February 13, 2013). "An 18-Year-Old's Diary Entries From May, 1970". Thought Catalog. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  68. ^ Proctor, William (May 7, 1970). "Cancel BC Classes in Protests". Daily News. New York. p. 63. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ "Brooklyn & Kingsbrorough: The Plans Are Uncertain". Daily News. New York. May 13, 1970. p. 69. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ Kline, Polly (June 4, 1970). "Court Bars Student 'Noise' At B'klyn College Campus". Daily News. New York. p. 59. Retrieved May 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ^ Newmark, Ian (October 23, 1974). "Hispanic Students Defy Judge on Sit-In". Daily News. New York. p. KL7. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  72. ^ Newmark, Ian (October 24, 1974). "600 at College Turn Out to Support Sit-In". Daily News. New York. p. 7. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ^ Newmark, Ian (October 26, 1974). "Kneller Firm on Selection As 1,000 Disrupt Classes". Daily News. New York. p. 15. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ^ Newmark, Ian; Murphy, John (April 17, 1975). "Ethnic Study Rift Flares at BC". Daily News. New York. p. 7. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ^ Steinberg, Carol (January 12, 1976). "Brooklyn College Chief Flunks Vote". Daily News. New York. p. QL7. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ^ Varzi, Cass (June 14, 1976). "Brooklyn College Set to Reopen". Daily News. New York. p. BKL1. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ^ Shepard, Joan; Brodey, Jesse (July 29, 1976). "Downtown B'klyn Campus Finis". Daily News. New York. p. ML7. Retrieved May 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ^ Moore, Keith (January 13, 1978). "Kneller Hits Report on Competence". Daily News. New York. p. BKL1. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  79. ^ "Obituaries".
  80. ^ a b Heise, Kenan (14 January 1992). "EDUCATOR ROBERT HESS; GUIDED BROOKLYN COLLEGE". Chicago Tribune.
  81. ^ a b Ohles, Frederik; Ohles, Shirley G.; Ohles, Shirley M.; Ramsay, John G. (1997). Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313291333.
  82. ^ Davis, Tina; Resnick-Ault, Jessica (2015). Hess: The Last Oil Baron. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118923443.
  83. ^ Davila, Albert (September 26, 1979). "Study major shifts in BC curriculum". Daily News. New York. p. 3K. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. ^ "Brooklyn College Head Plans Changes In School Curriculum". Canarsie Courier. November 8, 1979. p. 8. Retrieved May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  85. ^ Copiage, Eric (March 28, 1982). "College given aid to develop 'core' courses". Daily News. New York. p. K6. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. ^ Fleming, Robert (November 22, 1984). "Study of humanities wins nationwide acclaim for BC". Daily News. New York. p. K16. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  87. ^ "Humanities". 1989. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  88. ^ "Brooklyn College". www.collegeatlas.org.
  89. ^ Buder, Leonard (June 7, 1989). "In Brooklyn, College Ends A Lean Year With Relief". The New York Times. p. B1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  90. ^ Vernon E. Lattin
  91. ^ Douglas, William (June 23, 1992). "New B'klyn College Head". New York Newsday. New York. p. 20. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  92. ^ Douglas, William (June 24, 1992). "Arizona Educator Warms Up to B'klyn". New York Newsday. New York. p. 24. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ^ "Dr. Lattin Joins B'klyn College As President". Canarsie Courier. Brooklyn. September 24, 1992. p. 14. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  94. ^ Liff, Bpb (October 12, 1998). "Half-century later, Dole revisits college". Daily News. New York. p. KSI1. Retrieved August 7, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ^ Negron, Edna (November 27, 1994). "Brooklyn College Seeks Overhaul". New York Newsday. New York. p. 85. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  96. ^ Shelby, Joyce (May 4, 1997). "Education's just a click away". Daily News. New York. p. KSI1. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  97. ^ "Brooklyn College Opens Internet Cafe for Students". Daily News. New York. April 25, 1999. p. Viva New York 20. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ^ "Brooklyn College To Get Back Into Intercollegiate Sports Game". Canarsie Courier. Brooklyn. September 22, 1994. p. 15. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ^ Shelby, Joyce (March 14, 1995). "Knight out at college proves 'em chess kings". Daily News. New York. p. KSI1. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. ^ Ben-Ali, Russell (January 10, 1996). "B'klyn checkmates city". Daily News. New York. p. QLIL1. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ^ Sengupta, Somini (May 5, 1996). "Neighborhood Report: Midwood; Thanking a College a Million". The New York Times. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  102. ^ "Gift to Brooklyn College funds performance hall". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. AP. May 16, 2003. p. 5-D. Retrieved August 7, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ^ Liff, Bob (July 27, 1999). "College's plaza is on the way out". Daily News. New York. p. KSI 2. Retrieved August 8, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ^ Wiener, Harvey S. (September 20, 2006). "Campus Trends". Daily News. New York. p. Specials-9. Retrieved August 8, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ^ Liff, Bob (February 3, 2000). "College prez's journey". Daily News. New York. p. KSI 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ^ Richardson, Clem (June 26, 2009). "Prexy's ready to pass torch at his beloved B'klyn College". Daily News. New York. p. QLIL66. Retrieved August 3, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. ^ "Campus #1 in Beauty". Brooklyn College. August 20, 2002. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  108. ^ "Karen L. Gould"
  109. ^ Skelding, Conor (July 24, 2015). "Brooklyn College president announces retirement". Politico. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  110. ^ ""Academically incorrect" (editorial)". Daily News. New York. September 7, 2010. p. 20. Retrieved August 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  111. ^ ""Boycott this" (editorial)". Daily News. New York. January 29, 2013. p. 18. Retrieved August 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  112. ^ ""Free Speech 101" (editorial)". Daily News. New York. November 13, 2013. p. 32. Retrieved August 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  113. ^ McLaughlin, Mike (February 2, 2011). "Prof axed in Mideast flap rehired". Daily News. New York. p. 2. Retrieved August 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  114. ^ Gitlin, Todd (February 7, 2013). "Misunderstanding the university". Los Angeles Times. p. A15. Retrieved August 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  115. ^ "Letter to Brooklyn College President Karen Gould Commending Her for Standing with Student Organizers Despite Growing Pressures". Center for Constitutional Rights. February 5, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  116. ^ Blumenthal, Max (February 6, 2013). "The Former Terror Suspect Leading the Attack on the Brooklyn College BDS Panel". The Nation. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  117. ^ Wilson, Simone (July 24, 2015). "Brooklyn College President Karen Gould Is Retiring Next Summer". Patch (Ditmas Park-Flatbush, NY). Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  118. ^ "CUNY Law Dean Michelle Anderson Named President Of Brooklyn College". CUNY, The City University of New York. May 2, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  119. ^ "Brooklyn College building new school of business". November 22, 2016. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  120. ^ "Brooklyn College Ranks #1 for Ethnic Diversity by U.S. News & World Report for Fourth Straight Year". Daily News. New York. September 16, 2021. p. 39. Retrieved August 14, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  121. ^ "Old Core Curriculum". Brooklyn College. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  122. ^ "New Core Curriculum". Brooklyn College. February 6, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  123. ^ "Brooklyn College – Pathways". Brooklyn College. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  124. ^ "Undergraduate Programs and Advisors" Brooklyn College
  125. ^ "Justin Townsend" Brooklyn College website
  126. ^ "Justin Townsend" Archived 2016-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Tony Award Nominees
  127. ^ "General Information". B.A.-M.D. Program. Brooklyn College. 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  128. ^ "Scholars Program". Brooklyn College. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  129. ^ Engineering Brooklyn College Archived September 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  130. ^ "2024 Master's Universities Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  131. ^ "2024-2025 Best Regional Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 23, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  132. ^ "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes. September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  133. ^ "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
  134. ^ "Brooklyn College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  135. ^ "ESPN Classic - Rumblings: The Brooklyn five". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  136. ^ Figone, Albert (2012). Cheating the Spread: Gamblers, Point Shavers, and Game Fixers in College Football and Basketball. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252037283., pp. 90-91
  137. ^ West, Ashley (9 October 2016). "Adult Film Locations 8: Debbie Does Dallas (1978)". therialtoreport.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  138. ^ "Newsletter Spring 2010" Brooklyn College
  139. ^ Staff (October 25, 2009) "Brooklyn College To Choose New Athletics Team Name & Mascot" Brooklyn College Bulldogs
  140. ^ "Half-Century Later Dole Revisits College". NY Daily News. 12 October 1998.
  141. ^ Horowitz, Jason (July 24, 2015) "Bernie Sanders’s ‘100% Brooklyn’ Roots Are as Unshakable as His Accent" The New York Times
  142. ^ Staff (July 13, 2016) "Bernie Sanders Fast Facts" CNN
  143. ^ "Robert Beauchamp, American (1923–1995)". Ro Gallery. 2011. Retrieved Jun 30, 2011.
  144. ^ Associated Press. "Ralph Goldstein, 83, Olympian With Lasting Passion for Fencing", The New York Times, July 28, 1997. Accessed February 7, 2018. "Mr. Goldstein, who was born Oct. 6, 1913, in Malden, Mass., and grew up on the Lower East Side, attended Brooklyn College and had lived in Yonkers since 1948."
  145. ^ "Hans L. Trefousse (1921–2010)". Historians.org. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  146. ^ Clayman, Dee L. (2010-09-11). "Ethyle R. Wolfe (1919–2010)". Classical World. 103 (4): 542–543. doi:10.1353/clw.2010.0004. ISSN 1558-9234. S2CID 162251633.
  147. ^ Copage, Eric V. (17 October 1982). "Journalism Award for Media Founder". Daily News. Retrieved 2018-12-29 – via Newspapers.com.
  148. ^ "Theresa Wolfson". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  149. ^ "Wolfson, Theresa". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brooklyn College.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_College&oldid=1254253341#Athletics"