Jangansa (Korean: 장안사; Hanja: 長安寺) was a Korean Buddhist temple on Mount Geumgang (금강산,金剛山). This temple was one of the Four Great Temples of Mount Geumgang, along with Pyohunsa (표훈사, 表訓寺), Singyesa (신계사, 神溪寺) and Yujomsa (유점사, 楡岾寺).[3] This temple is said to have been founded by monk Hyeryang during the reign of Beopheung of Silla or during the reign of Yangwon of Goguryeo.[4]
Paintings (Joseon period)
editJangansa was depicted by many Korean painters. Among them:
- Jeong Seon in the 《Sin-myo Year Pungakdo Album 辛卯年楓岳圖帖 》, 1711, watercolor on silk, approximately 36×37.4cm.
- Kim Hong-do in the 《Geumgang Four Counties Album 금강사군첩(金剛四郡帖)》, 1788
- Kim Ha-jong in the 《Haesando Album 해산도첩(海山圖帖)》, 1815
Japanese colonial period
editThe volume 12 (1932) of the "Joseon historical site walk" contains several views of each temple around Mt. Geumgang, Jangansa among them.[5] Taken during the Japanese colonial period by a well-known scholar, these pictures are precious since many of these buildings are no longer extant. Two of them are reproduced here.
Destruction
editDuring the Korean war, the Bombing of North Korea dropped a total of 635,000 tons of bombs, including 32,557 tons of napalm, on Korea.[6] "Every installation, facility, and village in North Korea [became] a military and tactical target", and the orders given to the Fifth Air Force and Bomber Command was to "destroy every means of communications and every installation, factory, city, and village".[7]
As a result, the whole site has been destroyed by the US bombings of the area. Unlike Singyesa, Jangansa was not rebuilt.[4] The ruins are classified as the #96 National Treasure (North Korea).[8]
Notes
edit- ^ Choson walk 1932, p. 12-76.
- ^ Choson walk 1932, p. 12-75.
- ^ Pratt/Diamond Mountains, p. 100.
- ^ a b Jogye 2011.
- ^ Choson walk 1932.
- ^ Armstrong 2010.
- ^ Conway-Lanz 2014.
- ^ NK_Heritage 2004.
References
edit- Pratt, Keith L.; Rutt, Richard; Hoare, James (September 1999). Korea, A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Routledge/Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-0464-4., 594 pages
- Armstrong, Charles K. (2010-12-20). "The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950-1960" (PDF). The Asia-Pacific Journal. 8 (51): 1. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- Conway-Lanz, Sahr (4 August 2014). "The Ethics of Bombing Civilians After World War II: The Persistence of Norms Against Targeting Civilians in the Korean War". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 12 (37).
- Sekino Tadashi (1916–1935). 朝鮮總督府, Japanese Governor of Korea (ed.). 朝鮮古蹟図譜 [Joseon historical sites walk]. 15 volumes.
- "북한의국보유적목록" [2004_North Korea's National Heritage List]. Cultural Heritage Research Institute. 2004. The National Treasure (North Korea) page here is supposed to provide a fair English translation of this list.
- Korean Buddhist Jogye Order Headquarters, ed. (2011). 북한의 전통사찰 A B 세트 [North Korean traditional temples]. 養士齋. ISBN 9788996665908.. 10 volumes, 2800 pages. What is said about Jangansa can be accessed through this Naver link (장안사터).