The traditional Chinese holidays are an essential part of harvests or prayer offerings. The most important Chinese holiday is the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival), which is also celebrated in overseas ethnic Chinese communities (for example in Malaysia, Thailand, or the USA).[1][2] Traditional holidays are varied from region to region but most are scheduled according to the Chinese calendar; exceptions, like the Qingming and winter solstice days, fall on the respective jieqi (solar terms) in the agricultural calendar.
| Chinese lunar date | Example Gregorian date (2020–2021) | English name | Chinese name | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Day | ||||
| 1 (正月) | 1st | January 25, 2020 | Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) | • 農曆新年 / 农历新年 • 春節 / 春节 • 大年初一 |
Set off fireworks after midnight; visit family members |
| 1 (正月) | 7th | January 31, 2020 | Renri | • 人日 | |
| 1 (正月) | 15th | February 8, 2020 | Lantern Festival | • 元宵節 / 元宵节 | Lantern parade and lion dance celebrating the first full moon. Eating tangyuan. This day is also the last day of new year celebration. This is Tourism Day in Taiwan |
| 2 (二月) | 2nd | February 24, 2020 | Zhonghe Festival (Blue Dragon Festival) | • 中和節 / 中和节 • 青龍節 / 青龙节 |
Eat Chinese pancakes (Chun bing, 春餅) and noodles, clean the house. Also known as Dragon Raising its Head This is Earth God's Birthday in Taiwan |
| 3 (三月) | 3rd | March 26, 2020 | Shangsi Festival | 上巳節 / 上巳节 | Traditional Chinese Women's Day, also known as 婦女節/妇女节(fùnǚjié). |
| 3 (三月) | 3rd | March 26, 2020 | Sam Nyied Sam | 三月三 | Celebrated by the Zhuang people, an ethnic minority. |
| At the Qingming solar term, solar longitude of 15°, 104th day after Dongzhi (winter solstice) | April 4, 2020 | Qingming Festival (Tomb Sweeping Festival, Tomb Sweeping Day, Clear and Bright Festival) | 清明節 / 清明节 | Visit, clean, and make offerings at ancestral gravesites, spring outing | |
| 105th day after Dongzhi | April 5, 2020 | Cold Food Festival | |||
| 3 (三月) | 15th | April 7, 2020[3] | God of Medicine's Birthday | 保生大帝誕辰 | Public holiday in Taiwan |
| 3 (三月) | 23rd | April 15, 2020[4] | Matsu's Birthday | 媽祖誕辰 | Public holiday in Taiwan |
| 4 (四月) | 8th | April 30, 2020 | Buddha's Birthday | 佛誕 / 佛诞 | Visit Buddhist temple, offer food to the monks |
| 4 (四月) | 8th | May 9–13, 2020 | Cheung Chau Bun Festival | 包山節/長洲太平清醮 | |
| 5 (五月) | 5th | June 25, 2020 | Duanwu Festival (Dragon Boat Festival) | 端午節 / 端午节 | Dragon boat race, eat sticky rice wrapped in lotus leaves Zongzi (粽子). This festival commemorates the ancient poet Qu Yuan; drink yellow rice wine, related to the White Snake Lady legend |
| 5 (五月) | 13th | July 3, 2020[5] | Kuan Kung's Birthday and Cheng Huang's Birthday | 關公誕辰 | Celebrated in Taiwan |
| 6 (六月) | 6th | July 26, 2020 | Double Sixth Festival | 六月六 / 天贶节 | |
| 6 (六月) | 24th or 25th | August 13–15, 2020 | Torch Festival | 火把节 | |
| 7 (七月) | 7th | August 25, 2020 | Qixi Festival (The Night of Sevens, Magpie Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day) | 七夕 | According to legend, the goddess "Zhi Nü" (the star Vega) fell in love with the farmer boy "Niu Lang" (the star Altair), but was disapproved by her mother goddess. As punishment, they were separated by the Milky Way and could only meet once a year on this night. |
| 7 (七月) | 15th night (14th in parts of southern China) | September 2, 2020 | Ghost Festival | 中元節 / 中元节 | Burn fake paper money and make offerings to ancestors and the dead to comfort them in the afterlife and keep them from troubling the living. |
| 8 (八月) | 15th | October 1, 2020 | Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Festival) | 中秋節 / 中秋节 | Eat mooncake, family union meal, related to the legend of Chang E, the Jade Rabbit and The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, also called "Chinese Thanksgiving". |
| 8 (八月) | 16th | October 2, 2020[6] | Monkey King Festival | 齊天大聖千秋 | |
| 8 (八月) | 26th | October 12, 2020 | Food Extermination Day | 绝粮日 | Commemorate when Nurhaci's troops ran out of food, Northeast China specific |
| Eve of the 9th month (九月); goes on for nine days | October 16–25, 2020 | Nine Emperor Gods Festival | |||
| 9 (九月) | 9th | October 25, 2020 | Double Ninth Festival (Chongyang Festival) | 重陽節 / 重阳节 | Autumn outing and mountain climbing, some Chinese also visit the graves of their ancestors to pay their respects. |
| 10 (十月) | 15th | November 29, 2020[7] | Saisiat Festival | 賽夏節 | Pas-taai Festival of the Saisiat tribe in Taiwan |
| At the Dongzhi solar term, solar longitude of 270°, the day of winter solstice | December 21, 2020 | Dongzhi Festival (Winter Solstice Festival) | 冬至 | Have Tangyuan and Jiuniang and perform ancestor worship, Feast day, family gatherings, also named "Chinese Thanksgiving" | |
| 12 (臘月) | 8th | January 21, 2021 | Laba Festival | 臘八節 / 腊八节 | This is the day the Buddha attained enlightenment. People usually eat Laba congee, which is made of mixed grains and fruits. Beginning of the preparation for Chinese new year. |
| Last day of lunar year | February 11, 2021 | Chinese New Year’s Eve | • 除夕 • 大年夜 |
||
Public holidays
editTraditional holidays are generally celebrated in Chinese-speaking regions. For the most part however, only Chinese New Year, Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are statutory public holidays. This is the case in both mainland China and Taiwan whilst Hong Kong and Macau also observe Buddha's Birthday and Chung Yeung Festival. In Singapore, Chinese New Year is the only traditional Chinese public holiday, likewise with Malaysia.
Each region has its own holidays on top of this condensed traditional Chinese set. Mainland China and Taiwan observe patriotic holidays, Hong Kong and Macau observe Christian holidays, and Malaysia and Singapore celebrate Malay and Indian festivals.
See also
edit- Jingchu Suishiji, an important text on the transition from ancient Chinese festivals to the present traditional ones
- Culture of China
- List of annual events in China
References
edit- ^ Hui, Vikki (January 31, 2022). "Lunar New Year is celebrated across Asian communities, but each has their own traditions". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Lunar New Year 2022: What does the holiday and the Year of the Tiger represent?". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
The United States is also home to some celebrations. Overall, over about 1.5 billion people across the world will take part in the festivities.
- ^ "God of Medicine's Birthday in Taiwan".
- ^ "Matsu's Birthday in Taiwan".
- ^ "Kuan Kung's Birthday in Taiwan".
- ^ "Hong Kong Holidays and Festivals - 2020".
- ^ "Saisiat Festival in Taiwan".
External links
edit- Traditional Chinese festivals on china.org.cn
