Eurydice (Greek: Εὐρυδίκη), born Cleopatra (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα) was a mid-4th century BC Macedonian noblewoman, niece of Attalus, and last of the seven wives of Philip II of Macedon, but the first Macedonian one.[1][2]
Cleopatra Eurydice | |
|---|---|
Κλεοπάτρα Εὐρυδίκη | |
| Born | Cleopatra |
| Nationality | Macedonia |
| Spouse | Philip II (m. c. 337 BC) |
| Children | |
| Relatives | Attalus |
Biography
editCleopatra was a maiden whom Philip II married either in 338[3] or 337[4] BC and was his seventh wife.[5]
Eurydice was significantly younger than her husband[6] but her exact age at the time of her marriage is unknown.
While Cleopatra was Philip II's seventh wife, she was his first Macedonian wife, and was wed as an alliance between the king and his general, Cleopatra's uncle, Attalus.[2][7] Other sources say the main reason was not simply a political alliance but that Philip had fallen madly in love with the young woman.[8]
As Philip's wife, Cleopatra was given the name "Eurydice". Although Philip was a polygamist, his marriage to Cleopatra greatly upset Olympias, his fourth wife and the mother of Alexander the Great, and threw Alexander's inheritance into question.[9][10] It was at Eurydice and Philips wedding banquet that her uncle insulted her stepson Alexander by making a toast to the newlyweds hoping that Cleopatra would give birth to a legitimate male heir to Philip. This was seen as a direct insult to Alexander and without Philip defending him was what led Alexander to go into exile.
According to both Justin[11] and Satyrus,[12] Cleopatra Eurydice and Philip produced two children, Europa, a girl, and Caranus, a boy.[13] Following Philip's assassination, both children were murdered by Olympias, whereupon Cleopatra took her own life, or her murder by Olympias was made to look like suicide.[9][14][15] or alternatively that Eurydice with her infant daughter Europa in her arms were burned alive by being dragged onto a hot brazen oven on the orders of Olympias.[16]
Peter Green strongly suggests that Alexander ordered the death of Caranus, but that the deaths of Europa and Cleopatra were the result of Olympias's vindictiveness.
Attalus would also be killed in the aftermath of this succession.
References
edit- ^ Green, Peter. Alexander of Macedon 356-323 B.C: A Historical Biography
- ^ a b CARNEY, ELIZABETH (2019-12-03). "Alexander the Great's warrior mom wielded unprecedented power". History Magazine. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ^ Green, Peter. Alexander of Macedon 356-323 B.C: A Historical Biography
- ^ Tarn
- ^ Plutarch, The Life of Alexander, 9
- ^ Whitehorne, John (2002-03-11). Cleopatras. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-93216-0.
- ^ Bogdan, Stan Alexandru. "Alexandru cel Mare-lord al războiului şi cuceritor al orientului". www.historia.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ^ Whitehorne, John (2002-03-11). Cleopatras. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-93216-0.
- ^ a b D’Angelo, Ed (2020-09-01). The Handy Western Philosophy Answer Book: The Ancient Greek Influence on Modern Understanding. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 978-1-57859-726-0.
- ^ Tritle, Lawrence A. (2011-09-19). Heckel, Waldemar (ed.). Alexander the Great: A New History. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-6015-8.
- ^ Junianus Justinus, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, ix. 7[usurped]
- ^ Satyrus of Athens (13.557e)
- ^ William Woodthorpe Tarn ignores Europa entirely and disputes even the existence of Caranus.
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, viii. 7. 7; Justin, ibid.; Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Alexander" x. 4
- ^ Green, Peter (1998-06-25). Classical Bearings: Interpreting Ancient History and Culture. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20811-7.
- ^ Heckel, Waldemar (2008-04-15). Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-5469-7.
Notes
edit- Green, Peter; Alexander of Macedon: 356-323 B.C. A Historical Biography; Berkeley & Los Angeles; University of California Press; 1991.