Cruithnechán (Irish: Cruithneachán), also known as Cruithnechan, Crunathan, and Cronaghan, was an Irish saint from around the 6th century, known as one of the mentors of Columba, who founded the famous monastery at Iona.
Cruithnechán is mentioned briefly in Adomnán's 7th-century hagiographic life of Columba; he served as foster-father or tutor (nutritor) to the young Columba before the latter went on to study with Gemmán in Leinster, and later with Finnian at Movilla.[1][2][3] An anecdote is told that Cruithnechán once saw a ball of fire hanging over Columba's head, while the boy was sound asleep.[1] The miracle has been explained as representing a "typical motif used to show how teachers or parents were made aware of the precocious sanctity of their charges".[4]
Adomnán does not mention a church for Cruithnechán, but the present-day parish of Kilcronaghan (Irish: Cill Chruithneacháin) in County Londonderry is thought to derive its name from what would have been his church there.[5][6][7]
A number of later sources supply details lacking in Adomnán's account. The otherwise "austere" Middle Irish version of Columba's Life, which has been dated to the 12th century,[8] identifies Cruithnechán as a son of one Cellachán, and says that he baptized the boy before he took him into fosterage.[9][10] The story of Columba's upbringing had undergone further expansion by 1532 when County Donegal chieftain Manus O'Donnell produced the Betha Colaim Chille, a vernacular Life compiled from a range of sources. For instance, citing a poem ascribed to Mura of Fahan, it relates that Columba was sent to Temple Douglas, in the modern parish of Conwal, to be baptized by Cruithnechán mac Cellacháin, who then fostered the boy in Kilmacrenan, County Donegal.[5][7][11]
The Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae by John Colgan lists his festival day as 7 March.[7]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Alan Orr; Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson, eds. (1991) [1961]. Adomnán's Life of Columba. Oxford Medieval Texts (revised ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. xxix. Also: book 3, chapter 2
- ^ Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí (1995). Early Medieval Ireland, 400-1200. London: Longman. p. 180.
- ^ Richter, Michael (1988). Medieval Ireland: the enduring tradition. Dublin: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 54.
- ^ Smyth, Alfred P. (1989). Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, A.D. 80-1000. Edinburgh University Press. p. 91.
- ^ a b Gwynn, Aubrey; Hadcock, R. Neville (1970). Medieval Religious Houses: Ireland. London: Longmans. p. 39, 390, 406.
- ^ "Kilcronaghan". Logainm Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ^ a b c Reeves, William, ed. (1850). Acts of Archbishop Colton in his metropolitan visitation in the diocese of Derry, A.D. MCCCXCVII. Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society. p. 82 note c. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ Herbert, Máire (2004). "Columba [St Columba, Colum Cille]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6001. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Stokes, Whitley, ed. (1877). Three Middle-Irish Homilies. Calcutta: privately printed.
- ^ Stokes, Whitley, ed. (1890). Lives of saints from the Book of Lismore. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 24, 172.
- ^ O'Kelleher, A.; G. Schoepperle, eds. (1918). Betha Colaim Chille: Life of Columcille Compiled by Manus O'Donnell in 1532. See further §§ 53-54, 59, 60-62, 68.