The Fries Melkschaap is a Dutch and German breed of dairy sheep. It originates in the Frisia region, which includes parts of both northern Holland and north-western Germany. It has many names: the German stock is known as the Ostfriesisches Milchschaf, or in English as the East Friesian, the East Friesland Milch or the German Milksheep, while the Dutch equivalent is known as the Friesian Milk or Friesian Milksheep, or less often as the Friesian or West Friesian.[5]: 810 Under suitable management conditions, it is among the highest-yielding of dairy sheep breeds.[6][7]
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History
editThe breed originates in the Frisia region of north-western Germany and northern Holland.[5]: 810 [8]
Characteristics
editThe Friesian sheep breeds are a heathland type sheep, the land environment in much of Frisia. The group includes related dairy breeds taking their names from, and probably largely originating in, West Friesland and Zeeland. Historically, the sheep were kept in small numbers by households for household milk. They do poorly in large, dense flocks.[9]
In physical appearance, East Friesians have pink noses and their heads and legs are clear of wool. Their heads are naturally polled. They generally have pale hooves. The most distinctive feature of an East Friesian is its tail, which is described as a "rat-tail" because it is thin and free of wool. Elsewhere on their bodies they have white wool which is about 35-37 microns, with a staple length of 120–160 mm and their fleece ranges from 4–5 kg (8.8–11.0 lb). There also exists a dark brown variation of East Friesian.[10]
Use
editThe East Friesian produces roughly 300-600 litres of milk, over a 200- to 300-day lactation. There are reports of individual animals with milk yield reaching 900 litres, counting the milk suckled by the lambs, as well as milking by machine.[11] To provide a high milk yield, the ewe must receive a high-quality diet.
Another attraction of the breed is a relatively high average number of lambs born per ewe.
East Friesians are used as either a purebred milking breed or as a crossing breed for other milking sheep. They can raise the average number of lambs born, as well as milk production, when crossed with other milk sheep breeds. They are not a very hardy or adaptable breed, but their cross-breeds can be. Crossing them with the Awassi breed has been a notable success in Mediterranean or semiarid environments.[6] East Friesians crossed with the Lacaune breed have been a success in the Wisconsin environment.[12] East Friesians were not introduced into North America until the 1990s, but since then, on account of their high milk yield, they have rapidly become the breed of choice among commercial sheep milk producers, although generally not in purebred form.[12]
References
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- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Breed data sheet: Fries Melkschaap / Netherlands (Sheep). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2023.
- ^ Transboundary breed: Friesian Milk. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2023.
- ^ Transboundary breed: East Friesian. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2023.
- ^ a b Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ a b Friesian Milk Sheep. Stillwater: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University. Archived 24 September 2009.
- ^ Yves Berger (2004). Breeds of sheep for commercial milk production. Dairy Sheep Proceedings. 30 (4). Sheep extensio, University of Wisconsin. Archived 13 June 2010.
- ^ East Friesian: Origin and history. Christchurch: New Zealand Sheepbreeders' Association. Archived 26 November 2016.
- ^ Reported by Kervina et al., as cited by Milk and lamb production of East Friesian-Cross ewes in Northwestern Wisconsin (UW-Extension).
- ^ Ostfriesisches Milchschaf, Vereinigung Deutscher Landesschafzuchtverbände
- ^ Chapter 2 of the book Principles of sheep dairying in North America published by Cooperative Extension of the University of Wisconsin-Extension (2004).
- ^ a b Comparison of East Friesian and Lacaune breeds for dairy sheep production in North America (UW-Extension).