Enos (/ˈiːnəs/;[1] Hebrew: אֱנוֹשׁ) is a figure in the Book of Mormon who is a son or grandson[2] of Jacob, a Nephite prophet and author of the Book of Enos. According to the Book of Mormon, Enos lived sometime in the 6th century BC.
Narration
editNephite record keeping
editAccording to the Book of Mormon narrative, Enos was third in the series of record keepers who maintained the record of the Nephites, a set of metal plates containing the spiritual and secular history of the Nephites. Enos was given charge of the record by his father, Jacob, son of Lehi and brother of Nephi. Both Nephi and Jacob had kept the record previously, recording First and Second Nephi and the Book of Jacob, respectively. Enos's contribution to the record, the Book of Enos, consists of a single chapter, told in the first person, describing his own conversion and subsequent ministry.
Following Enos's death the record of the Nephites was kept by Enos' son, Jarom.
Early life
editNo details of Enos's early life are given except that he had been taught by his father "in the nurture and the admonition of the Lord".[3] Because Enos begins his story by telling of his "wrestle which [he] had before God, before [he] received a remission of [his] sins",[4] it is sometimes assumed that he had been rebellious prior to that time. President Spencer W. Kimball said, "Like many sons of good families he strayed. How heinous were his sins I do not know, but they must have been grievous".[5]
Conversion
editEnos relates that, while hunting beasts in the forest, his "soul hungered"[6] and he knelt and prayed for forgiveness. His prayer continued throughout the day and into the night, until he heard a voice, saying: "Enos, thy sins are forgiven thee, and thou shalt be blessed".[7][8] Having obtained personal forgiveness, Enos continued to pray on behalf of his people, the Nephites, and was given to understand that they would be blessed "according to their diligence in keeping [God's] commandments".[9] His faith being strengthened by these revelations, he began to pray for "[his] brethren, the Lamanites",[10] who had become estranged from the Nephites and were now their enemies. He received a promise that the record of the Nephites would be preserved and would be brought forth to the Lamanites in the Lord's "due time".[11]
Ministry
editAccording to the Book of Mormon, following his conversion, Enos went forth prophesying to the Nephites. He testifies that the Nephites tried to "restore the Lamanites to the true faith in God",[12] but that they were unsuccessful.[13] He describes the Lamanites as having become "wild, and ferocious, and a blood-thirsty people".[14] The Nephites, in contrast, are industrious at farming and herding, but Enos makes it clear that they were "stiffnecked" and continual preaching of the word of God was necessary to keep them from "going down speedily to destruction".[15]
At the close of his record, Enos testifies of his unshakeable faith in his Redeemer.[16]
Interpretation
editRepresenting a dual message of the Book of Mormon
editIn Americanist Approaches to the Book of Mormon, literary critic Terryl Givens suggests, in agreement with Grant Hardy, that there are two types of salvation emphasized by the Book of Mormon, both exemplified by Enos. He prays for his individual salvation and shortly after, prays for the salvation of his people. Enos demonstrates, according to Givens, a broader theme of the book promoting both an individual relationship with Christ as well as the gathering of scattered Israel.[17]
Possible origin of the name
editThe name "Enos" or "Enosh" (Hebrew: אֱנוֹשׁ) appears in at least two books of the Bible. It means "mortal man", in Hebrew, which Hugh Nibley remarks as being similar in definition to the name "Adam".[18]
In the Book of Genesis, Enos is the first son of Seth who figures in the Generations of Adam, and consequently referred to within the genealogies of Chronicles, and the genealogy of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke.
Family
editBetween the records of Jacob and Enos, more than 120 years is covered, which leads some to question Enos' timeline. It has been suggested that Jacob may not have been his father, rather his grandfather, as Enos never mentions his father by name.[19]
| Jacob | |||||||||||||||
| Enos | |||||||||||||||
| Jarom | |||||||||||||||
| Omni | |||||||||||||||
| Amaron | Chemish | ||||||||||||||
| Abinadom | |||||||||||||||
| Amaleki | |||||||||||||||
Or, alternately:
| Jacob | |||||||||||||||
| Enos₁ | |||||||||||||||
| Enos₂ | |||||||||||||||
| Jarom | |||||||||||||||
| Omni | |||||||||||||||
| Amaron | Chemish | ||||||||||||||
| Abinadom | |||||||||||||||
| Amaleki | |||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «ē´nus»
- ^ "Enos 1:25 etc. Longevity of Nephite Scribes | Book of Mormon Research". Retrieved 2019-04-08.
- ^ Enos 1:1
- ^ Enos 1:2
- ^ Kimball, Spencer W. (March 1978). "Prayer". New Era. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
- ^ Enos 1:4
- ^ Enos 1:5
- ^ Thomas 2016, p. 54.
- ^ Enos 1:10
- ^ Enos 1:11
- ^ Enos 1:16
- ^ Enos 1:20
- ^ Thomas 2016, p. 55.
- ^ Enos 1:20
- ^ Enos 1:23
- ^ Enos 1:26-27
- ^ Fenton, Elizabeth; Hickman, Jared, eds. (2019). Americanist Approaches to the Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. p. 355-356. ISBN 978-0-19-022192-8. Wikidata Q123497267.
- ^ Nibley, Hugh & Hummel, Sharman Bookwalter (ed.) Nibley's Commentary on the Book of Mormon, Vol. 1 (2013), ASIN: B00GFY0GUO
- ^ Hardy, Grant, ed. (2023). The Annotated Book of Mormon. Oxford University Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-19-008220-8. OL 46783409M. Wikidata Q122259222.
Sources Cited
editFurther reading
edit- Largey, Dennis L. (1990). "Enos: His Mission and His Message". In Nyman, Monte S.; Tate, Charles D. Jr. (eds.). The Book of Mormon: Jacob through Words of Mormon, To Learn with Joy. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. pp. 141–56. ISBN 0-8849-4734-3.
- Seely, David R. (1990). "Enos and the Words Concerning Eternal Life". In Nyman, Monte S.; Tate, Charles D. Jr. (eds.). The Book of Mormon: Jacob through Words of Mormon, To Learn with Joy. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. pp. 221–33. ISBN 0-8849-4734-3.