F-sharp minor is a minor scale based on F♯, consisting of the pitches F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, and E. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative major is A major and its parallel major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major).
| Relative key | A major |
|---|---|
| Parallel key | F-sharp major |
| Dominant key | C-sharp minor |
| Subdominant | B minor |
| Component pitches | |
| F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, E | |
The F-sharp natural minor scale is:
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Scale degree chords
editThe scale degree chords of F-sharp minor are:
- Tonic – F-sharp minor
- Supertonic – G-sharp diminished
- Mediant – A major
- Subdominant – B minor
- Dominant – C-sharp minor
- Submediant – D major
- Subtonic – E major
Music in F-sharp minor
editVery few symphonies are written in this key, Haydn's Farewell Symphony being one famous example. George Frederick Bristow and Dora Pejačević also wrote symphonies in this key.[1] [2]
The few concertos written in this key are usually written for the composer himself to play, including Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 1, Scriabin's Piano Concerto, Wieniawski's Violin Concerto No. 1, Vieuxtemps's Violin Concerto No. 2, Bernhard Romberg's Cello Concerto Op. 30 and Koussevitzky's Double Bass Concerto.
In addition to the Farewell Symphony, Haydn's Piano Trio No. 40 (Hob. XV:26) and String Quartet Op. 50, No. 4 are in F-sharp minor.
More prominent keyboard pieces written in F-sharp minor include Handel's Keyboard Suite HWV 431, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's Fantasia H. 300, Carel Anton Fodor's Sonata Op. 2/2, Muzio Clementi's Piano Sonata Op. 25/5, Dussek's Sonata Op. 61 ('Élégie Harmonique'), Ignaz Moscheles' Sonate mélancolique, Op. 49, Hélène de Montgeroult's Piano Sonata Op. 5/3, Schumann's Sonata No. 1 in F-sharp minor (1833-35), Clara Schumann's Prelude and Fugue ICS 18, Chopin's Polonaise in F♯ minor, Scriabin's Third Sonata, and Ravel's Sonatine. The slow movement of Beethoven's Hammerklavier piano sonata is written in this key.
Aside from a prelude and fugue from each of the two books of The Well-Tempered Clavier, Bach's only other work in F-sharp minor is the toccata BWV 910. Mozart's only composition in this key is the second movement to his Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major.[3]
F-sharp minor is sometimes used as the parallel minor of G-flat major, especially since G-flat major's real parallel minor, G-flat minor, would have nine flats including two double-flats. For example, in the middle section of his seventh Humoresque in G-flat major, Antonín Dvořák switches from G-flat major to F-sharp minor for the middle section in the parallel minor.
Notable classical compositions in F-sharp minor
edit- Charles-Valentin Alkan
- Johannes Brahms
- Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 2
- Hungarian Dances Nos. 5 & 17 (original version for 4-hands )
- Norbert Burgmüller
- Frédéric Chopin
- Louis Couperin
- Bauyn manuscript: Pavane in F-sharp minor
- Ernst von Dohnányi
- George Enescu
- Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 24, No. 1 (1924)
- Gabriel Fauré
- Pavane, Op. 50
- César Franck
- Joseph Haydn
- Symphony No. 45 (Farewell)
- Piano Trio No. 40, Hob. XV:26
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel
- Franz Liszt
- Friska movement of Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
- Mykola Lysenko
- Elegie Op. 41/3
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Fantasy in F-sharp minor, Op. 28, ("Sonate Éccossaise")
- Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 1
- Prelude in F-sharp minor No. 1, Op. 23
- Maurice Ravel
- Franz Schubert
- Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, D 571 (incomplete)
- Robert Schumann
- Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 11
- Alexander Scriabin
- Piano Concerto, Op. 20
- Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 23
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Prelude and Fugue No. 8, Op. 87
- String Quartet No. 7, Op. 108
- Igor Stravinsky
- Piano Sonata (1903–04)
- Georg Philipp Telemann
- Henryk Wieniawski
- Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 14
References
edit- ^ Bristow, George Frederick. Symphonies, no. 3, op. 26, F# minor Symphonie in F# minor, op. 36 / Geo. F. Bristow. 1858 Aug. 1 score (96 leaves); 30 x 40 cm. ML96.5 .B79 no. 1. Library of Congress. https://lccn.loc.gov/2006563805
- ^ "Prom 40: Martin Helmchen plays Brahms". BBC Music Events.
- ^ Hopkins, Antony (1964). Talking About Concertos. London: Heinemann. p. 30.
Further reading
edit- Anthony Morris (March 2006). "Symphonies, Numbers and Keys" (PDF). Bob's Poetry Magazine. Vol. III, no. 3. pp. 4–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007.
External links
edit
Media related to F-sharp minor at Wikimedia Commons- Compositions in F-sharp minor: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
