A camouflage passport is a document, designed to look like a real passport, issued in the name of a non-existent country or entity. It may be sold with matching documents, such as an international driver's license, club membership card, insurance documents or similar supporting identity papers.[1] A camouflage passport is not a real, valid passport and is to be distinguished from a valid second passport, which an individual with dual citizenship may be eligible to hold, a novelty fantasy passport, or a fake of a real passport.
Origins
editFalse identity documents have a long history, but in 1998, the idea of the camouflage passport was credited by the Financial Times to Donna Walker of Houston, who said she had got the idea ten years earlier when an American on a hijacked aircraft was shot because of his nationality.
Walker said that she started by asking the Sri Lankan embassy whether they still had rights over the name Ceylon and, finding they did not, went on to ask the U.S. State Department whether producing a passport in that name would be legal, and they "couldn't show (her) it wasn't". Walker went on to produce hundreds of passports in different country names, trading as International Documents Service, and described her "finest hour" as being during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait when a group of European oil executives were able to use her documents to pass through Iraqi checkpoints and escape to Jordan.
She said the basic idea was to look like "a not very interesting man from a not very interesting country".[2]
Form
editCamouflage passports are generally produced in the name of countries that no longer exist or have changed their name.[3]
Often these are former colonies that changed their name on independence, or use the names of places or political subdivisions that exist within a real country but have never issued or cannot issue passports (for instance, the British Hebrides which are islands off the west coast of Scotland that have never been separately independent).
Usually, the names chosen have a plausible or familiar ring to them. Names that have been used include:
- British Guiana (now Guyana)
- British Hebrides (islands off the west coast of Scotland usually known just as "The Hebrides")
- British Honduras (now Belize)
- British Hong Kong (now a Special Administrative Region of China, never had the prefix "British")
- British West Indies (has never existed as a passport-issuing entity)
- Burma (now Myanmar)
- Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
- Dutch Guiana (now Suriname)
- Eastern Samoa (now American Samoa)
- Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia)
- New Granada (Presumably meaning the Spanish colony or the Republic of New Granada, 1831–1858; now in Colombia and Panama)
- New Hebrides (now Vanuatu)
- Rhodesia[4] (now Zimbabwe)
- South Vietnam (now Vietnam)
- Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea)
- Soviet Union (now divided into fifteen States)
- Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania)
- Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo)
Purpose and legality
editIn 2011, the European Union resolved that a "non-exhaustive list of known fantasy and camouflage passports" should be drawn up that "should not be subject to recognition or non-recognition. They should not entitle their holders to cross the external borders and should not be endorsed with a visa".[5] A list was subsequently published and last updated in February 2023.[3]
Sellers
editThe producers of camouflage passports are generally internet based businesses that specialise in producing various types of identity documents that may be in real or false names. Other services often offered include offshore company formation, introductions to offshore banking and financial services providers and similar services all targeted at international mobile individuals and those interested in avoiding tax and government regulation. Despite several companies withdrawing from this market in recent years, others continue to operate, offering passports that purport to include UV tags and holograms for verisimilitude.
Fantasy passports
edit
Fantasy passports are passport-like documents issued as a novelty or souvenir, to make a political statement or to show loyalty to a political or other cause, such as independence movements, as well as sovereign citizen, freemen on the land and redemptions movements.[6] Souvenir United States state passports have also been issued, for Nevada or the Republic of Texas for instance, but these typically are clearly marked as novelties. Examples include:
- Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition (IIMSAM) issued dubious UN-like Laissez Passer[7] that were also blacklisted by the European Union[8]
- The Haudenosaunee Confederacy has issued Haudenosaunee passports which its lacrosse team has attempted to use when participating in international competitions.[9]
- Conch Republic passports. A micronation declared as a tongue-in-cheek protest secession of the city of Key West, Florida, from the US in 1982.[10]
- Manchukuo passports. Issued by the Manchukuo Temporary Government[11]
- Newfoundland passports. Found at various tourist shops to serve as souvenirs of Newfoundland and Labrador. These mark the distinct culture of the most eastern Canadian province and oldest place of European colonization in North America. They are also reminders that Newfoundland was once an independent British Colony of Newfoundland and Dominion of Newfoundland before joining Canada in 1949.
- Neue Slovenische Kunst passports.[12] Issued by the non-territorial Slovenian art collective championed by the rock band Laibach.
- Republic of Taiwan passports. Issued by various groups supporting Taiwan independence.[13] In 2001, a Los Angeles resident successfully obtained a Brazilian visa on such a passport, and used it to travel to Brazil. In news interviews, he stated that he faced no difficulties in entering the country, while in contrast a fellow traveller using a Republic of China passport was "heckled" by Brazilian officials, possibly because they confused it with a People's Republic of China passport and took the man to be mainland Chinese.[14] Others claim to have successfully obtained Belizean residence permits on Republic of Taiwan passports.[15][16]
- World Passport. According to the World Service Authority, was filed as a Machine Readable Travel Document (MRTD) with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).[17] However, ICAO documents on MRTDs cite the World Service Authority and its passport as an example of "Fantasy Documents".[18][19]
- Expo Passport. First introduced in Expo 67,[20][21] Expo Passport is one of the most popular souvenirs in World Expos. Visitors can collect stamps on their passports while visiting pavilions.[21]
- The International Parliament for Safety and Peace issued "diplomatic passports".[22] The Council of the European Union, the authorities of Portugal and the Isle of Man, and various news sources have described these as fantasy documents.[23][24][25][26]
- The Principality of Sealand previously sold fantasy passports for a total of around 22 years. In 1997, the Bates family revoked all Sealand passports, as it was uncovered that they were at the center of an international money laundering ring.[27]
References
edit- ^ "A precaution in your pocket" by Amon Cohen in The Financial Times, 25 August 1997, p. 10. Retrieved 16 February 2014 from ProQuest.
- ^ "How to travel under cover" by John Westbrooke in The Financial Times, 24 January 1998, p. 2. Retrieved 14 January 2014 from Gale News Vault.
- ^ a b Kidd, Dale (15 February 2023). "Information concerning the non-exhaustive list of known fantasy and camouflage passports" (PDF). European Commission: Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs. Brussels: European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "The Camouflaged Passport Advantage: How Getting a Fake Passport Just Might Save Your Life" by Barney Brantingham in The Santa Barbara Independent, 27 March 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2014. Archived here.
- ^ "DECISION No 1105/2011/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2011 on the list of travel documents which entitle the holder to cross the external borders and which may be endorsed with a visa and on setting up a mechanism for establishing this list" in Official Journal of the European Union, 4.11.2011, L 287/9, para 10. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ "A quick guide to sovereign citizens" (PDF). UNC School of Government. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Mystery organization with UN ties issues diplomatic IDs -- except they aren't", Foxnews, retrieved 2020-02-14
- ^ "INFORMATION CONCERNING THE NON- EXHAUSTIVE LIST OF KNOWN FANTASY AND CAMOUFLAGE PASSPORTS, AS STIPULATED BY ARTICLE 6 OF THE DECISION NO 1105/2011/EU" (PDF), Foxnews, retrieved 2020-02-14
- ^ "Iriquois Passport Dispute Raises Sovereignty Issue", Reznetnews, archived from the original on 2016-05-08, retrieved 2016-05-10
- ^ Conch Republic Passports conchrepublic.com, 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014. Archived 18 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "騎呢滿洲國護照 8美元一本 [Funny Manchukuo passports, US$8 each]", Apple Daily, 2007-07-03, retrieved 2011-09-26
- ^ Times.nskstate.co
- ^ Li, Laura (April 2001). "Explaining the 'Alice King Phenomenon'". Taiwan Panorama. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ Chu, Monique (2001-08-22). "Taiwanese man uses a 'Republic of Taiwan' passport to travel to Brazil". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ "台灣共和國護照獲多國簽證". Liberty Times. 2001-05-18. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ "外交部針對所謂「台灣共和國」護照乙事，予以澄清". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2001-05-18. Archived from the original on 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ "THE WORLD PASSPORT". worldservice.org.
- ^ International Civil Aviation Organization Regional Seminar on MRTDs, Biometrics and Border Security, 27-29 November 2012, p30
- ^ International Civil Aviation TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP ON MACHINE READABLE TRAVEL DOCUMENTS, TAG-MRTD/16, WP/5, 13/9/05, section 2.1.1
- ^ "History: April 27, 1967 –Expo 67: Canada welcomes the world". Radio Canada International. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- ^ a b "A Week at Expo 2017 #1: A Passport to the Expo". Bureau International des Expositions. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- ^ Pennarola, Rita (8 January 2008). "Prodi / Massoni? No Problem". La Voce delle Voci (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
Cosi' vengono a galla anche i passaporti taroccati: «Usano passaporti diplomatici accreditati in tutti i Paesi del mondo.
- ^ "Fraude documental aumentou 22% em 2006 (Documentary fraud increased 22% in 2006)". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
A maior parte das situações fraudulentas são logo detectadas no aeroporto, seguindo para o laboratório pericial do SEF. Encontra-se de tudo, desde contrafacções só visíveis através de raios infravermelhos, até à falsificação em que tudo é diferente do original, da cor do papel ao tipo de letra. Ou passaportes passados pela International Parliament for Safety and Peace, pela World Service Authority e tendo Roma como país, a que os inspectores chama "documentos fantasistas".
[permanent dead link] - ^ Pennarola, Rita (16 February 2009). "Dai Vicoli di Palermo alla Security di Obama" [From the streets of Palermo to the Security of Obama]. La Voce delle Voci (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
Il suo nome – come abbiamo in seguito accertato – ricorreva nelle carte giudiziarie di numerose Procure italiane impegnate, negli anni novanta, a sgominare traffici di denaro, falsi passaporti diplomatici e perfino materiale radioattivo. A parte i precedenti giovanili, quando era stato raggiunto da un ordine di cattura emesso dall'autorita' giudiziaria di Roma per associazione a delinquere, truffa e falso, con l'accusa di aver costituito una organizzazione dedita a smerciare titoli onorifici inesistenti, le indagini a suo carico diventano piu' serie nel 1989, quando 'Lord President' Busa' risulta coinvolto, insieme ad un altro massone conclamato, il principe Alliata di Monreale, in una clamorosa indagine su un giro di falsi diplomi di laurea venduti a peso d'oro.
- ^ "News Release, PUBLIC WARNING, FALSE IDENTITY DOCUMENTS, Camouflage and Fantasy Passports". Information Centre, Government of the Isle of Man. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
Spurious passports have the appearance of a passport, but are issued by organisations with no authority and to which no official recognition has been given. Such passports are therefore not an acceptable statement of either nationality or identity. Spurious passports and other documentation known to the authorities are: ... International Parliament for Safety and Peace ...
- ^ "Part V: Information concerning known fantasy and camouflage passports (to which a visa may not be affixed)". Visa 381 comix 861 (PDF). Brussels: Council of the European Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-27. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
A. Fantasy passports: ... International Parliament for Safety and Peace ...
- ^ Gooch, Adela (2000-04-12). "Police swoop on Sealand crime ring". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
External links
edit
- Camouflage passports for sale from PT Shamrock Ltd., 2001. (Image archived by Internet Archive)
