Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11penx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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150 SLIPPERY. ELM. Ulmus fulva, Michaux. FORM—A small lo a medium-sized tree usually attaining a height of 40-60 ft. with a dlamete..* of 1-2J ft., but may reach a maximum height of 80 ft. with a diameter of 2& feet. Crown broad and flat-topped. Limbs stout and ascending. BARK—Thick, rough, longitudinally fissured, dark brown, tinged with red within. Inner bark fragraift, mucilaginous and slippery, whence Its common name. See Pig. 66. TWIGS—Rather stotit, diflQcullf to break on account of flexible bark, at first hairy and greenish, later smoother and grayish-brown, roughened by raised lentlcels and raised leaf- scars. BTTDS—Alternate; terminal bud absent; ovate, about i of an Inch long, dark chestnut-brown, covered with about 12 overlapping bud-scales coated with rusty brown hairs. Plower-buds stout and located along side of twig while leaf-buds are relatively slender and located towards end of twig. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, 6-7 Inches long, oval to obovate, thick, dark green, rough on both Bides, rounded and oblique at base, acute at apex, doubly toothed on margin. LEAF-SCARS—Alternate, oval, raised, lighter than twig, contain usually 8 rather small and inconspicuous bundle-scare. FLOWERS—Appear before the loaves from lateral propagative buds. The smaller vegetative buds located near the end of the twigs open later. Flowers are perfect and clustered on short stalks. FRUIT—A short-stalked samara 5-; of an inch broad, consisting of a flat seed surrounded by a wing and maturing in spring a few weeks after the flowers have matured. The fruit is hairy only over the seed. WOOD—Ring-porous; with rather Indistinct medullary rays; pores of the summer wood arranged in tangentlally concentric bands; pores of spring wood form a broad band of 3 or more rows. Wood Is heavy, hard, strong, dark brown to red. coarse-textured, easy to split, very durable In contact with the soli. Weighs 45.35 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for posts, railway ties, slack cooperage, agricultural implements. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Slippery Elm, also known as the Red Elm and Moose Elm, can be distinguished from the other Elms of Pennsylvania by its fragrant and mucilaginous inner bark and its dark chestnut-brown buds covered with rusty brown pube- scence. It Is a smaller tree than either the American or the English Elm. The leaves are rough in both directions while those of the American Elm are rough only In one direction. The bark is not so rough nor the buds so dark colored as those of the English Elm. Its lateral branches are rather straight while those of the American Elm are drooping. RANGE—Valley of the St. Lawrence, south to Florida, and west to North Dakota and Texas. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Scattered locally throughout the State. Generally absent in the mountainous region. Most common in the valleys. Does not form pure stands. HABITAT—It is commonly found on low rich soil, along streams, and on hillsides. In the southern part of Pennsylvania common on limestone outcrops. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—This tree does not attain a large size nor grow in habitats where other more valuable species will not grow, consequently it cannot be recom- mended for extensive planting for forestry purposes. It may be recommended for limited planting in wet places, especially on the border of streams and on limestone outcrops.
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PLATE LXXL SLIPPERY ELM. 1. A flowering branch, x h- 2. A flower, cnlargi'd. ?'. A leaf-sear with liundlc-sears, enlarged.

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