LIFE_May_1944_Jap_Skull.jpg (187 × 265 pixels, file size: 20 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Summary
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| Description |
Life Magazine's May 22, 1944 Picture of the Week, showing Natalie Nickerson, a war worker, with a human skull, a gift from her boyfriend. |
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| Source |
https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210740/https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/140922-japense-skull-1944.jpg https://books.google.com/books?id=bk8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35 |
| Date |
1 May 1944 |
| Author |
Ralph Crane (1913-1988) |
| Permission (Reusing this file) |
See below.
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Fair use for American mutilation of Japanese war dead
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Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws, and the stricter requirements of Wikipedia's non-free content policies, because:
- It is a historically significant photo discussed in for example S Harrison, Skull trophies of the Pacific War: transgressive objects of remembrance - Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2006 and in James J. Weingartner, Trophies of War: U.S. Troops and the Mutilation of Japanese War Dead, 1941-1945 Pacific Historical Review Vol. 61, No. 1 (Feb., 1992) It was circulated widely not only in the US but was also used by propaganda in Japan.
- It is of much lower resolution than the original. Copies made from it will be of very inferior quality.
- The photo is only being used for informational purposes.
- Its inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article because the photo and its historical significance are the object of discussion in the article.
| Description |
Original image was taken by copyright holder Ralph Crane on 1 May 1944. Credit is to Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images. This image is a reproduction of a cropped version of the original, which was cropped and published as full page image on page 35 of the May 22, 1944 Life Magazine issue. On the lower part of the published image it is written in white text: "Arizona war worker writes her Navy boyfriend a thank-you-note for the Jap skull he sent her". The full caption preceded the image and was placed on the bottom of page 34: The title is in large capital letters: "PICTURE OF THE WEEK". The text of the caption reads: "When he said goodby two years ago to Natalie Nickerson, 20, a war worker of Phoenix, Arizona, a big, handsome Navy lieutenant promised her a Jap. Last week, Natalie received a human skull, autographed by her lieutenant and 13 friends and inscribed: 'This is a good Jap-a dead one picked up on the New Guinea beach.' Natalie, surprised at the gift, named it Tojo. The armed forces disapprove strongly of this sort of thing." The un-cropped (a cropped version was published) and full resolution image is available for commercial purposes from Time Life Pictures, at this URL |
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| Source |
The image was acquired from this URL and thereafter cropped and reduced in resolution. No longer available, archived here. |
| Article | |
| Portion used |
The image corresponds reasonably well with the published, cropped, image. |
| Low resolution? |
The image has significantly lower resolution than the image available on-line, at 187x265 pixels compared to the 2044x2012 pixels of the original available from Time & Life Pictures and is unlikely to impact the copyright owners ability to resell or otherwise profit from the work. |
| Purpose of use |
The image is used in an article where the contents of the image are discussed, as well as several aspects on the impact of the image itself is being discussed. It makes a significant contribution to the user's understanding of the article which could not practically be conveyed by words alone. |
| Replaceable? |
Its inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article because the photo and its historical significance are the object of discussion in the article. The image depicts skulls sent home for use by civilians at home, and has no known equivalent. The Life Magazine image itself was published both by in the US by Life Magazine, then one of the dominant US periodicals, and also widely in Japanese newspapers where it was used to depict American attitudes. It is repeatedly discussed in academic literature and can not be illustrated by a non copyright image. |
| Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of American mutilation of Japanese war dead//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LIFE_May_1944_Jap_Skull.jpgtrue | |
Licensing
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 | This image is a faithful digitisation of a unique historic image, and the copyright for it is most likely held by the person who created the image or the agency employing the person. It is believed that the use of this image may qualify as non-free use under the Copyright law of the United States. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content for more information. Please remember that the non-free content criteria require that non-free images on Wikipedia must not "[be] used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media." Use of historic images from press agencies must only be of a transformative nature, when the image itself is the subject of commentary rather than the event it depicts (which is the original market role, and is not allowed per policy). |
| If this tag does not accurately describe this image, please replace it with an appropriate one. | |
File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 22:39, 23 March 2011 | | 187 × 265 (20 KB) | Stor stark7 (talk | contribs) | === Fair use for American mutilation of Japanese war dead === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws, and the stricter requirements of Wikipedia's non-free content policies, because: # It is a historica |
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