A Germanophile, Teutonophile, or Teutophile[1] is a person who is fond of German culture, German people and Germany in general,[2] or who exhibits German patriotism in spite of not being either an ethnic German or a German citizen. The love of the German way, called "Germanophilia" or "Teutonophilia", is the opposite of Germanophobia.[3]
History
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The term "Germanophile" came into common use in the 19th to 20th centuries[4] – after the 1871 formation of the German Empire and its subsequent rise in importance. It is used not only politically but also culturally; for example, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), the famous, influential German philosopher, interpreted the geographic triad of Europe as comprising England (utilitarian pragmatism), France (revolutionary hastiness), and Germany (reflective thoroughness).[vague]
In 19th-century romanticism in Britain, the term's antonym was Scandophile, expressing a dichotomy of associating "Anglo-Saxon" culture either with continental West Germanic culture or with North Germanic (Scandinavian) culture (the "Viking revival").[citation needed] With an affinity to "Teutonic" or Germanic culture and worldview seen as opposed to a predilection for Classical Antiquity.
In 19th-century Continental Europe, the dichotomy was rather between Germany and France, the main political players of the period, and a Germanophile would choose to side with Germany against French or "Romance" interests taken to heart by a Francophile. The corresponding term relating to England is Anglophile, an affinity, in turn, often observed in early-20th-century Germans choosing to side against French influence.
This term was also popularly used in the 20th century to refer to admirers and adherents of the Prussian model of higher education created by Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), which were leading in the early 1800s and widely adopted by elite universities from Oslo to Harvard.[citation needed]
A number of Serb elites in the 19th century and in the interwar period were staunch Germanophiles.[5]
Argentine poet and writer Jorge Luis Borges was a self-described Germanophile. During World War I, while his family was living in Geneva, in neutral Switzerland, Borges taught himself to speak and read the German language so that he could read the writings of Romantic poet Heinrich Heine in the original language. In later years, Borges cited many other German poets and philosophers as a major influence upon his own ideas and writings. Even in the essays that attacked Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, Borges described himself as a Germanophile. Borges further accused the Nazis of rewriting German history, of savagely distorting the interpretation of German literature, and of criminally corrupting German culture. While Borges expressed support for the Allies during World War II, he expressed concern that Western civilization might not be able to do without the achievements and contributions of the German people and that, he warned, was why their corruption by the teachings of hatred was such a horrible crime.
Egyptian-born Ottoman military officer Aziz Ali al-Misri was a self-described Germanophile. He stated in an interview with Al-Ahram that after he learned of the German surrender in 1919 following WWI, he fell into a depression and considered committing suicide.[6] He would later try to go to Germany by various means during WWII without success. His rival in the Ottoman army, Enver Pasha, was also a Germanophile.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "AlphaDictionary Free Online Dictionaries * Corrected List of Philias - Fears, Loves, Obsessions". Alphadictionary.com. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "Germanophile - definition and meaning". Wordnik.com. 1 August 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ Joseph P. Pickett, ed. (2000). American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.
- ^ Ngram chart of usage
- ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. pp. 7, 163. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
- ^ إنجي رشدي (21 July 1957). "حوار مع عزيز المصري".
Further reading
edit- Peter Watson: The German Genius: Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution, and the Twentieth Century, Harper Perennial, ISBN 978-0060760236
- Walter John Morris: John Quincy Adams, Germanophile, Pennsylvania State University, 1963
- Arthur Coleman Danto, Jean-Marie Schaeffer and Steven Rendall: Art of the Modern Age: Philosophy of Art from Kant to Heidegger, Princeton University, 2000