The Haryanvi people are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to Haryana in northern India. They speak Haryanvi, a language is related to Hindi, and other dialects of Haryanvi such as Ahirwati, Mewati, , Deshwali, and Bagri. The term Haryanvi people has been used both in the ethnolinguistic sense and for someone from Haryana.[1][2][3][4]
हरियाणवी | |
|---|---|
 Haryanvi village women | |
| Total population | |
| 26 million | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| India (Haryana, Delhi) | |
| Languages | |
| Hindi (Haryanvi) | |
| Religion | |
Predominantly: HinduismMinority:  Islam,  Sikhism,  Jainism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Indo-Aryan peoples |
History
editHaryana has been inhabited since the pre-historic period. Haryana was part of the Indus Valley civilization during the Bronze Age period. The ancient sites of Rakhigarhi and Bhirrana are some of the oldest Indus Valley civilization sites.[5] During the Vedic Age, Haryana was the heart of the Kuru Kingdom during 1200 BCE.[6][7][8] The area now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. In the 1st century, the region was conquered and then ruled by the Kushan Empire. The Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled the region in the 7th century, with its capital at Thanesar. Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty.[9] The Tomara dynasty ruled the region from 8th to 12th century. The Chahamanas of Shakambhari defeated them in the 12th century.[10]
In 1192, Chahamanas under Prithviraj Chauhan were defeated by Ghurids in Second Battle of Tarain.[10] In 1398, Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Sunam, Kaithal and Panipat.[12][13] In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya claimed royal status after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in the Battle of Delhi. In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had won 22 battles across India from Punjab to Bengal, defeating the Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas.[14]
In 1966, the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966) came into effect, resulting in the creation of the state of Haryana on 1 November 1966.[15]
Distribution
editHaryanvi diaspora overseas
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2021) |
There is increasingly large diaspora of Haryanvis in Pakistan who migrated to Pakistan after partition in 1947, Australia, Canada, Singapore, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, UAE, UK, US, etc.
In Australia, the community lives mainly in Sydney and Melbourne, has set up Association of Haryanvis in Australia (AHA) which organise events.[16]
In Singapore, the community has set up the Singapore Haryanvi Kunba organisation in 2012 which also has a Facebook group of same name. Singapore has Arya Samaj and several Hindu temples.
Culture
editLanguage
editHaryanvi is a branch of the Eastern Hindi dialect, and it is written in a modified form of Devanagari script.
Folk music and dance
editFolk music is integral part of Haryanvi culture. Folk song are sung during occasion of child birth, wedding, festival, and Satsang (singing religious songs).[2] Some haryanvi folk songs which are sung by young woman and girls are Phagan, katak, Samman, Jatki, Jachcha, Bande-Bandee, Santhene. Some songs which are sung by older women are Mangal geet, Bhajan, Sagai, bhat, Kuan pujan, Sanjhi and Holi. Folk songs are sung in Tar or Mandra stan.[17] Some dances are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, Ghoomar, Dhamal, Phaag, Sawan and Gugga.[17]
Cuisine
editHaryana is agricultural state known for producing foodgrains such as wheat, barley, pearl millet, maize, rice and high-quality dairy. Daily village meal in Haryana consist of a simple thali of roti, paired with a leafy stir-fry (saag in dishes such as gajar methi or aloo palak), condiments such as chaas, chutney, pickles. Some known Haryanvi dishes are green choliya (green chickpeas), bathua yogurt, bajre ki roti, sangri ki sabzi (beans), kachri ki chutney (wild cucumber) and bajre ki khichdi. Some sweets are panjiri and pinni prepared by unrefined sugar like bura and shakkar and diary. Malpua are popular during festivals.[18]
Clothes
editTraditional attire for men is turban, shirt, dhoti, jutti and cotton or woollen shawl. Traditional attire for female is typically an orhna (veil), shirt or angia (short blouse), ghagri (heavy long skirt) and Jitti. Saris are also worn. Traditionally the Khaddar (coarse cotton weave cloth) is a frequently used as the fabric.[19][20]
Cinema
editThe First movie of Haryanvi cinema is Dharti which was released in 1968. The first financially successful Haryanvi movie was Chandrawal (1984) which spurted the continuing production of Haryanvi films, although none have been as successful.[21] Other films such as Phool Badan and Chora Haryane Ka followed with only about one out of twelve films being profitable at the box office.[21] In 2000, Aswini Chowdhary won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director at the National Film Awards for the Haryanvi film Laddo.[22] In 2010 the government of Haryana announced they were considering establishing a film board to promote Haryanvi-language films.[23]
Notable people
edit- Anangpal Tomar, king
- Arvind Kejriwal, politician
- Babita Kumari, wrestler
- Baje Bhagat, poet and writer
- Bajrang Punia, Wrestler
- Bansi Lal, politician
- Dayachand Mayna, poet and freedom fighter
- Dhruv Rathee, YouTuber
- Dushyant Chautala, politician
- Geeta Phogat, wrestler
- Hemu, emperor
- Jat Mehar Singh Dahiya, poet and freedom fighter
- Lakhmi chand, poet, folk singer
- Mahavir Singh Phogat, wrestler
- Mallika Sherawat, actress
- Manushi Chhillar, Miss World 2017
- Major Mohit Sharma, Ashok Chakra recipient
- Neeraj Chopra, Javelin thrower
- Priyanka Phogat, wrestler
- Rajkummar Rao, actor
- Baba Ramdev, yoga guru
- Randeep Hooda, actor
- Ravi Kumar Dahiya, wrestler
- Ravi Kumar Punia, Football Player
- Rao Gopal Dev, king
- Rao tularam, freedom fighter
- Ritu Phogat, wrestler
- Sakshi Malik, wrestler
- Saina Nehwal, badminton player
- Satish Kaushik, actor, director, writer
- Santosh yadav
- Subhash Chandra, media entrepreneur and politician
- Sushil Kumar, wrestler
- Vijender Singh, boxer
- Vikas Krishan Yadav, boxer
- Vinesh Phogat, wrestler
- Virender Sehwag, cricket player
- Yogeshwar Dutt, wrestler
- Yuzi chahal, cricket player
References
edit- ^ "The way tough Haryanvis speak". tribuneindia. 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Social Status of a Haryanvi Rural Woman: A Reflective Study through Folk Songs". iitd.ac.com. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ "No takers in their own land".
- ^ "Establishing the continuity of our local languages within the region". Hindustan Times. 24 December 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2023 – via Press Reader.
- ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- ^ Pletcher 2010, p. 63.
- ^ Witzel 1995, p. 6.
- ^ Witzel 1995.
- ^ Hans Bakker 2014, p. 79.
- ^ a b Upinder Singh 2008, p. 571.
- ^ Sarkar 1960, p. 66.
- ^ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers; Dowson, John (1871). The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot . Trübner and Company. pp. 427–31.
- ^ Phadke, H.A. (1990). Haryana, Ancient and Medieval. Harman Publishing House. p. 123.
- ^ Arnold P. Kaminsky; Roger D. Long (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
- ^ the punjab reorganisation act, 1966 - Chief Secretary, Haryana (PDF), retrieved 12 November 2015
- ^ "Australian Haryanvi community celebrates Teej Mela in style". nriaffairs. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ a b Manorama Sharma (2007). Musical Heritage of India. APH Publishing corporation. p. 65. ISBN 978-8131300466.
- ^ "Haryanvi thali: Not just 'dhaba' fare". livemint. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ Arihant Experts, Haryana SSC Recruitment Exam 2019, Page 13.
- ^ Ram Sarup Joon, 1967, History of the Jats, Page 11.
- ^ a b "'Haryanvi movies need govt push'". The Times of India. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ Press Trust of India (16 September 2000). "President to give away national film awards on Sept 18". Indian Express. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ "Haryana may set up board to promote Haryanvi films". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 3 October 2010. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
Works cited
edit- Hans Bakker (2014). The World of the Skandapurāṇa. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-27714-4.
- Pletcher, Kenneth (2010), The History of India, The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 9781615301225
- Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History of India. Orient Longmans. pp. 66–69. ISBN 9780861251551.
- Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF), EJVS, 1 (4), archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007