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Hooghly district

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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Hugli-Chuchura.

Hooghly district (/ˈhuːɡliː/) is one of the districts of the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt Hoogli or Hugli. The district is named after the Hooghly River. The headquarters of the district are at Hooghly-Chinsurah (Chunchura). There are four subdivisions: Chinsurah Sadar, Srirampore, Chandannagore, and Arambagh.

Hooghly
District
Clockwise from top-left: Durga temple of Bali Dewanganj, Hooghly Imambara, Danish cemetery at Serampore, Hooghly River, Bandel Church at Bandel
Location of Hooghly district in West Bengal
Location of Hooghly district in West Bengal
Coordinates: 22°54′N 88°23′E / 22.90°N 88.39°E / 22.90; 88.39
CountryIndia
StateWest Bengal
DivisionBurdwan
HeadquartersChinsurah
Government
 • SubdivisionsChinsurah Sadar, Chandannagar, Srirampore, Arambag
 • CD BlocksBalagarh, Chinsurah Mogra, Dhaniakhali, Pandua, Polba Dadpur, Haripal, Singur, Tarakeswar, Chanditala I, Chanditala II, Jangipara, Serampore Uttarpara, Khanakul I, Khanakul II, Goghat I, Goghat II, Pursurah
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesArambagh, Hooghly, Serampore
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesUttarpara, Sreerampur, Champdani, Singur, Chandannagar, Chunchura, Balagarh, Pandua, Saptagram, Chanditala, Jangipara, Haripal, Dhanekhali, Tarakeswar, Pursurah, Arambag, Goghat, Khanakul
Area
 • Total
3,149 km2 (1,216 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
5,519,145
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy82.55 per cent
 • Sex ratio961 ♂/♀
Languages
 • OfficialBengali[1][2]
 • Additional officialEnglish[1]
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Websitehooghly.nic.in

History

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The district of Hooghly derived its name from the town of Hooghly on the west bank of the Hugli River about 40 km north of Kolkata. This town was a major river port for trade in India before colonization.

The district has thousands of years of rich heritage as part of the Bengali kingdom of Bhurshut. The first European to reach this area was the Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama. In 1536 Portuguese traders obtained a permit from Sultan Mahmud Shah to trade in this area. In those days the Hooghly River was the main route for transportation and Hooghly served as an excellent trading port.

Within a few decades, the town of Hooghly turned into a major commercial centre and the largest port in Bengal. In 1579–80, Mughal Emperor Akbar gave permission to a Portuguese captain Pedro Tavares to establish a city anywhere in the Bengal province. They chose Hooghly, and it became the first European settlement in Bengal. In 1599, the Portuguese traders built a convent and a church in Bandel. This was the first Christian church in Bengal and is known as ‘Bandel Church’ today.

The Portuguese traders started slave trading, robbery and converting natives into Christians by pressure. At one point they stopped paying taxes to the Mughal Empire. As a result, Emperor Shah Jahan ordered the then-ruler of Bengal province, Qasim Khan Juvayni, to block the city of Hooghly. This led to a war in which the Portuguese were defeated.

Among other European powers that came to Hooghly were the Dutch, the Danish, the British, the French, the Belgians and the Germans. Dutch traders centred their activities in the town Chuchura which is south of Hooghly. Chandannagar became the base of the French and the city remained under their control from 1816 to 1950. Similarly, the Danish establishment in settlement in Serampore (1755). All these towns are on the west bank of the Hooghly River and served as ports. Among these European countries, the British ultimately became most powerful.

 
Chinsurah N.S Road

Initially the British were based in and around the city of Hooghly like traders from other countries. In 1690 Job Charnock decided to shift the British trading centre from Hooghly-Chinsura to Calcutta. The reason behind this decision was the strategically safe location of Calcutta and its proximity to the Bay of Bengal. As a result, trade and commerce in the Bengal province shifted from the town of Hooghly to Calcutta. Hooghly lost its importance as Calcutta prospered.

After the Battle of Buxar this region was brought under direct British rule until India's independence in 1947. After independence, this district merged into the state of West Bengal.

Though the city of Hooghly is more than 500 years old, the district of Hooghly was formed in 1795 with the city of Hooghly as its headquarters. Later the headquarters shifted to the town of Chuchura. In 1843 the Howrah district was created from the southern portion of this district. And in 1872, the south-west portion of this district was merged into the Medinipur district. The last change in area occurred in 1966.

 
A village in Hooghly

Tarakeswar Temple

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The Taraknath Temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva worshiped as Taraknath, is a major pilgrimage spot in the town of Tarakeswar. Built in 1729, the temple is an ‘atchala’ structure of Bengal temple architecture with a ‘natmandir’ in front. Close by are the shrines of Kali and Lakshmi Narayan. Dudhpukur, a tank to the north of the Shiva temple is believed to fulfil the prayers of those taking a dip in it.

Pilgrims visit the temple throughout the year, especially on Mondays. Thousands of pilgrims visit Tarakeswar on the occasions of Shivaratri and ‘Gajan’, the former taking place in Phalgun (Feb-March) while the latter lasts for five days ending on the last day of Chaitra (mid-April). The month of Sravana (mid-July to mid-August) is seen to be auspicious for Shiva when celebrations are held on each Monday.

Geography

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Map of Hooghly District showing CD blocks and municipal areas

The district is flat, with no place having an elevation of more than 200 meters.[citation needed] The River Hooghly borders it to the east. Another major river is the Damodar. The district is bordered by Howrah district to the south, Bardhaman District to the north, and to the east by the River Hooghly. Bankura District lies to the north-west, with Medinipur District to the south-west.

Economy

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Hooghly is one of the most economically developed districts in West Bengal. It is the main jute cultivation, jute industry, and jute trade hub in the state. The jute mills are along the banks of the river Hooghly in Tribeni, Bhadreswar, Champdani and Sreerampur.

There are a number of industrial complexes including one of the largest car manufacturing plants in India, the Hindustan Motors plant in Uttarpara.

It was also home to the Singur Tata Nano controversy. Hindustan Motors plant was closed in 2014. Bandel Thermal power plant and Tribeni tissue plant (ITC) are running smoothly.

Divisions

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Administrative subdivisions

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Subdivision of Hooghly district map

The district comprises four subdivisions: Chinsurah, Chandannagore, Srirampore and Arambagh.

Hugli-Chuchura is the district headquarters. There are 23 police stations, 18 development blocks, 12 municipalities and 207 gram panchayats in this district.[3][4]

Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks that are divided into rural areas and census towns. There are 41 urban units: 12 municipalities and 64 census towns.[4][5]

Chinsurah subdivision

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Chandannagore subdivision

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  • Chandannagar municipal corporation
  • Three municipalities: Bhadreswar, Champdani, and Tarakeswar
  • Haripal community development block consists of rural areas only with 15 gram panchayats one census town: Bargachhia.
  • Singur community development block consists of rural areas with 16 gram panchayats and one census town: Singur.
  • Tarakeswar community development block consists of rural areas only with 10 gram panchayats.

Srirampore subdivision

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Arambagh subdivision

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  • One municipality: Arambag.
  • Arambag community development block consists of rural areas only with 15 gram panchayats.
  • Khanakul I community development block consists of rural areas only with 13 gram panchayats.
  • Khanakul II community development block consists of rural areas only with 11 gram panchayats.
  • Goghat I community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.
  • Goghat II community development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats.
  • Pursurah community development block consists of rural areas only with 8 gram panchayats.

Blocks map

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  •  
    Arambag CD block map showing GP and urban areas
  •  
    Balagarh CD block showing GP areas
  •  
    Chanditala-I CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Chanditala-II CD block map showing GP and urban areas
  •  
    Chinsurah-Mogra CD block map showing GP and urban areas
  •  
    Dhaniakhali CD block showing GP areas
  •  
    Goghat-I CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Goghat-II CD block showing GP areas
  •  
    Haripal CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Jangipara CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Khanakul-I CD block map showings GP areas
  •  
    Khanakul-II CD block Map showing GP areas
  •  
    Pursurah CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Pandua CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Polba-Dadpur CD block map showing GP areas
  •  
    Singur CD block map showing GP and urban areas
  •  
    Seerampur-Uttarpara CD block map showing GP and urban areas
  •  
    Tarokeswr CD block map showing GP and urban areas

Assembly constituencies

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The district is divided into 18 assembly constituencies:[6]

  1. Jangipara (assembly constituency no. 177),
  2. Chanditala (assembly constituency no. 178),
  3. Uttarpara (assembly constituency no. 179),
  4. Serampore (assembly constituency no. 180),
  5. Champdani (assembly constituency no. 181),
  6. Chandernagore (assembly constituency no. 189),
  7. Singur (assembly constituency no. 183),
  8. Haripal (assembly constituency no. 184),
  9. Tarakeswar (assembly constituency no. 185),
  10. Chinsurah (assembly constituency no. 186),
  11. Saptagram (assembly constituency no. 187),
  12. Balagarh (SC) (assembly constituency no. 188),
  13. Pandua (assembly constituency no. 189),
  14. Dhaniakhali (SC) (assembly constituency no. 191),
  15. Pursurah (assembly constituency no. 192),
  16. Khanakul (assembly constituency no. 202),
  17. Arambagh (assembly constituency no. 194) and
  18. Goghat (SC) (assembly constituency no. 195).

12 Balagarh, Dhaniakhali, Khanakul and Goghat constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with two assembly constituencies from Howrah district, Jangipara, Chanditala, Uttarpara, Serampore and Champdani constituencies form the Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency). Chandernagore, Singur, Haripal, Chinsurah, Bansberia, Polba and Dhaniakhali constituencies form the Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency).

Tarakeswar, Pursurah, Khankul, Arambag and Goghat constituencies are part of the Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency), which contains two assembly segments in Paschim Medinipur district. Balagarh and Pandua constituencies are part of the Katwa (Lok Sabha constituency), which contains five assembly constituency from Bardhaman district.

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district will be divided into 18 assembly constituencies:[7]

No. Constituency Lok Sabha constituency MLA Party
185 Uttarpara Srerampur Kanchan Mullick All India Trinamool Congress
186 Sreerampur Sudipto Roy All India Trinamool Congress
187 Champdani Arindam Guin All India Trinamool Congress
188 Singur Hooghly Becharam Manna All India Trinamool Congress
189 Chandannagar Indranil Sen All India Trinamool Congress
190 Chunchura Asit Mazumdar All India Trinamool Congress
191 Balagarh (SC) Manoranjan Byapari All India Trinamool Congress
192 Pandua Ratna De All India Trinamool Congress
193 Saptagram Tapan Dasgupta All India Trinamool Congress
194 Chanditala Srerampur Swati Khandoker All India Trinamool Congress
195 Jangipara Snehasis Chakraborty All India Trinamool Congress
196 Haripal Arambagh Karabi Manna All India Trinamool Congress
197 Dhanekhali (SC) Hooghly Ashima Patra All India Trinamool Congress
198 Tarakeswar Arambagh Ramendu Sinharay All India Trinamool Congress
199 Pursurah Biman Ghosh Bharatiya Janata Party
200 Arambagh (SC) Madhusudan Bag Bharatiya Janata Party
201 Goghat (SC) Biswanath Karak Bharatiya Janata Party
202 Khanakul Susanta Ghosh Bharatiya Janata Party

Balagarh, Dhanekhali, Arambag and Goghat constituencies will be reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with two assembly constituencies from Howrah district, Uttarpara, Sreerampur, Champdani, Chanditala and Jangipara constituencies will form the Sreerampur (Lok Sabha constituency). Singur, Chandannagar, Chunchura, Balagarh, Pandua, Saptagram and Dhanekhali constituencies will form the Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency). Haripal, Tarakeswar, Pursurah, Arambag, Goghat and Khankul constituencies will be part of the Arambag (Lok Sabha constituency), which will contain one assembly segment in Paschim Medinipur district.

Police administration

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Hooghly District comes under Burdwan Police Range. Hooghly Rural Police District was created on 30 June 2017, curbing out of erstwhile Hooghly district. Presently it consists of sixteen police station with jurisdiction, one women police station and one Cyber Police Station. The head quarter of Hooghly Rural Police District was shifted to Kamarkundu under Singur PS from Chinsura. Chandannagar Police Commissionerate was formed after bifurcation of the Hooghly Police District, and has nine police stations under its jurisdiction established on 30 June 2017, is a police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within certain urban parts of Hooghly district. The Commissionerate is part of the West Bengal Police, and comes under the Department of Home & Hill Affairs, Government of West Bengal.

For the functioning of 23 police stations of the district, District Intelligence Branch, District Enforcement Branch and District Reserve Police Force SP, Hooghly is assisted by three additional superintendents:

  • HQ: Having his office at Chinsurah, he looks after the Sadar Sub-Division and District Police Force, being assisted by Dy.S.P. (HQ) and Dy.S.P. (D&T).
  • Industrial: He is in Serampore. He is the supervising officer for Serampore and Chandernagore Sub Divisions, assisted by SDPO: Serampore and SDPO: Chandernagore.
  • Rural: He is in Arambagh and is the supervising officer for Arambagh Sub Division; being assisted by SDPO: Arambagh.

Transport

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Rail

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The railway communication of the district, especially at the suburban area, are available throughout the district.

There are four junction stations in Hooghly:

The railway is under Howrah Division. The Howrah – New Delhi Rajdhani Route passes through the district

Bus

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There are several bus stands in Hooghly district. Grand Trunk Road passes through the district and Private and Govt. buses are available.

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19011,076,416—    
19111,115,927+0.36%
19211,105,907−0.09%
19311,141,558+0.32%
19411,415,934+2.18%
19511,605,004+1.26%
19612,231,288+3.35%
19712,872,116+2.56%
19813,557,306+2.16%
19914,355,230+2.04%
20015,041,976+1.47%
20115,519,145+0.91%
source:[8]

According to the 2011 census Hooghly district has a population of 5,519,145,[9] roughly equal to the nation of Denmark[10] or the US state of Wisconsin.[11] This gives it a ranking of 16th in India (out of a total of 640).[9] The district has a population density of 1,753 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,540/sq mi).[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.49%.[9] Hugli has a sex ratio of 958 females for every 1000 males,[9] and a literacy rate of 82.55%. 38.57% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 24.35% and 4.15% of the population respectively.[9]

See also: List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Religion

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Religion in Hooghly district (2011)[12]
Hinduism
 
 82.89%
Islam
 
 15.77%
Sarna
 
 0.89%
Other or not stated
 
 0.45%
Religion in Hooghly district
Religion Population (1941)[13]: 75  Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[12] Percentage (2011)
Hinduism   799,688 62.82% 4,574,569 82.89%
Islam   207,077 35.03% 870,204 15.77%
Tribal religion [a] 69,500 2.04% 49,050 0.89%
Others [b] 1,464 0.11% 25,322 0.45%
Total Population 1,177,729 100% 5,519,145 100%

Hindus are the majority community in the district. Muslims are the largest minority, concentrated more in rural areas.

Language

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Languages of Hooghly district (2011)[14]

  Bengali (87.49%)
  Hindi (7.59%)
  Santali (2.37%)
  Urdu (1.72%)
  Others (0.83%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 87.49% of the population spoke Bengali, 7.59% Hindi, 2.37% Santali and 1.72% Urdu as their first language. Hindi and Urdu speakers are predominantly found in urban areas.[14]

Education

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Chandernagore Govt. College

There are 2992 primary schools, 408 high schools, 127 higher secondary schools, 22 colleges, and 6 technical institutes in Hooghly district. The most notable institutions among them are:

Historical places

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Taraknath Temple, Tarakeswar

Notable people

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This is a list of notable people from Hooghly District:

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ All tribals were counted under 'Tribal' in the 1941 census irrespective of actual religion practiced.
  2. ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

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  1. ^ a b "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  2. ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Directory of District, Sub division, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal, March 2008". West Bengal. National Informatics Centre, India. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Municipal General Election 2005: Hooghly District". Official website of Hooghly district. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
  5. ^ "Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001". West Bengal. Directorate of census operations. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
  6. ^ "General election to the Legislative Assembly, 2001–List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). West Bengal. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
  7. ^ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
  8. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  9. ^ a b c d e f "District Census Handbook: Hooghly" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  10. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Denmark 5,529,888, July 2011 est.
  11. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Wisconsin 5,686,986
  12. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  13. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. ^ TwoCircles.net (12 April 2010). "Two-hundred-year-old Hooghly Madrasa facing closure – TwoCircles.net". Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  16. ^ "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science and Technology 2020 List of recipients" (PDF). SSB Prize for Science & Technology. Government of India. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  17. ^ "SSB Prize: Awardee Details". SSB Prize for Science & Technology. Government of India. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  18. ^ "Faculty, School of Historical Studies". Nalanda University. Nalanda University, Government of India. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
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