The January 1999 Mineriad was led by miners in Romania against low wages under the leadership of Miron Cozma in January 1999.[1][2] Protesters marched onto Bucharest and other cities, demonstrating the government's wage policies and low wages, demanding an increase of the wages and better working conditions in the country.[3][4]
| January 1999 Mineriad | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the mineriads | |||
| Date | 4–23 January 1999 | ||
| Parties | |||
| Lead figures | |||
History
editThe Jiu Valley miners left again for Bucharest, unhappy with the government's reduction of subsidies, which would result in the closing of the mines.Together with the miners who left for Bucharest, there were also members of PUNR, PRM, PDSR and PS.[5] The mineriad was openly supported by the Greater Romania Party (PRM) and by the president of this party, Corneliu Vadim Tudor, who invited the miners to occupy the Romanian Parliament and to dismiss the government.[6] Miron Cozma, the leader of the miners, was also vice-president of the PRM, being in constant contact with the PRM leadership in Bucharest, which was preparing the arrival of miners in the Romanian capital.[7] According to the Romanian Intelligence Service, PRM contacted the Chinese Communist Party before the strike and the Chinese communists promised financial help to Corneliu Vadim Tudor if he takes over the government of Romania.[8] Ion Iliescu and the Social Democracy Party of Romania (PDSR) endorsed the mineriad (PDSR first-vicepresident Adrian Năstase compared Miron Cozma with a hajduk during a speech),[9] but they were not directly involved in it, unlike the PRM.[10]
The miners crossed the barricade installed by the gendarmes at Costești. Near Râmnicu Vâlcea, a Gendarmerie unit was ambushed by the miners. After reaching Râmnicu Vâlcea, they sequestered the prefect of Vâlcea County. Radu Vasile, prime minister at the time, negotiated an agreement with Miron Cozma, the miners' leader, at the nearby Cozia Monastery.[11]
On 14 February 1999, Cozma was found guilty of organizing the mineriad, and he was sentenced to 18 years in prison. According to the indictment, the mineriad also received support from Russia.[12] The miners led by Cozma left for Bucharest to attempt another mineriad, but this time, they were stopped by the police at Stoenești, Olt County. In the clash that followed, 100 policemen and 70 miners were wounded, and one miner died. Cozma was arrested and sent to a prison in Rahova.[13][14]
The January 1999 Mineriad was described in the Romanian press as a coup d'etat attempt.[15][16][17]
References
edit- ^ Guardian Staff (1999-01-22). "Romania miners rout police". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ^ "Striking Romanian Miners Clash With Police on March (Published 1999)". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1999-01-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ^ "Romania: Strike Leaders Delay Decision On Bucharest Protests". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFERL. 15 January 1999.
- ^ "Romania profile - Timeline". BBC News. BBC. 8 October 2018.
- ^ https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/lovitura-de-stat-minereasca-se-confirma--ooq.html
- ^ http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/extremism_ro/04_extremism_ro_003.pdf
- ^ http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/extremism_ro/04_extremism_ro_003.pdf
- ^ https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/lovitura-de-stat-minereasca-se-confirma--ooq.html
- ^ https://hotnews.ro/psd-si-prm-sustinatorii-mineriadei-de-la-costesti-856488
- ^ https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=848403
- ^ "Striking Romanian Miners Clash With Police on March". The New York Times. NewYorkTimes. January 20, 1999.
- ^ https://podul.ro/articol/3900/mineriada-kgb-cum-s-a-implicat-rusia-in-violentele-evenimente-din-ianuarie-februarie-1999-exclusiv
- ^ "Romania Seizes Miners' Chief in Fierce Clash (Published 1999)". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1999-02-18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ^ Weydenthal, Jan de (19 January 1999). "Romania: Miners' Protest Endangering Government". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFERL.
- ^ https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/lovitura-de-stat-minereasca-se-confirma--ooq.html
- ^ https://sareinochi.com/2011/08/30/tentativa-de-lovitura-minereasca-de-stat-din-ianuarie-1999/
- ^ https://inliniedreapta.net/articole/interviu-marius-bostan-160-de-ani-de-la-mica-unire-detalii-despre-interesele-rusesti-la-mineriada-esuata-din-1999/