The Jarildekald people, also known as Yarilde or Yaralde, are an Aboriginal Australian people of South Australia originating on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River.
Name
editThe tribal name Jarildekald is said to derive from Jarawalangan?, a phrase meaning "Where shall we go?'" referring to a tradition according to which on migrating from the interior to the mouth of the Murray, the tribe at that point was perplexed as to where they were to continue their travels.[1] They were grouped as the Ngarrindjeri by the early ethnographer George Taplin, though Norman Tindale and others have argued that while his data refer predominantly to the Jarildekald. It would be mistaken to confuse them with the Narinndjeri.[1]
In 2019 law professor Irene Watson wrote in an article about the Maria massacre: "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong. They are ancient names that have become almost lost to living memory. Post-invasion, the peoples and territories of the Coorong have become known as Ngarrindjeri — this name is now privileged in native title claims over the lands and affairs of traditional First Nations nations such as Ramindjeri, Tanganekald, and Yaralde."[2]
Language
editTheir dialect of Ngarrindjeri is known as Yarildewallin (Jaralde speech).[3]
Country
editThe lands of the Jarildekald extended over some 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi) They were located on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River, their territory running from Loveday Bay on the Narrung Peninsula to Mobilong, and east to Meningie and the Cookes Plains.[1]
Alternative names
edit- Jaralde (short form)
- Lakalinyeri (group at Point McLeay)
- Piccanini Murray people
- Warawalde (a northern group at Nalpa)
- Yalawarre
- Yarilde, Yaralde, Yarrildie, Jaraldi, Yarildewallin (Jaralde speech)
People
editThe Jarildekald people consisted of over 15 groups.[4] A. R. Radcliffe-Brown provided a list he said was incomplete, totally 22.
| Clan name | Totems |
|---|---|
| Luŋundinďerar. | morinďeriorn.(White-bellied sea eagle),(?)ťeniťeri.(seagull),(tern?); |
| Kaŋaninďerar. | (?)kalu, a type of bird. (?)wankeri (mullet-like fish); |
| Kandukari. | (?)ťeniťeri.; |
| Retirinďerar. | waiyi (brown snake), wiruri (spider); |
| Manäŋkar. | rakalde (water-rat), kinkindili (small back turtle);[5] |
| Liwurinďerar. | nguari pelican, tukuri (silver bream); |
| Milinďerar. | rakalde(water-rat), kinkindili )small turtle); |
| Turarorn. | turi (coot); |
| Yedawulinďerar. | panki (water plant), maińŋuni (stinging nettle); |
| Tumbalinďerar. | |
| Wuraltinďerar. | kunŋari (swan); |
| Kinarinďerar. | paraŋuwaťeri (snake); |
| Krapinďerar. | peláŋe (small butterfish), karaiyi (snake), puŋkalateri (prickly lizard); |
| Paraigelďerar. | tukuri (silver bream); |
| Yukinďerar. | piuwińi (hawk); |
| Limpinďerar. | waldi (hot weather); |
| Wutsautinďerar/Waltarpularorn. | waldi (hot weather), waltarwaltarińeri (a small bird); |
| Raŋurinďerar. | keli (wild dog of dark hue), kalari (sleepy lizard); |
| Mulberaperar/Mulberapinďerar. | noŋkulauri (mountain duck); |
| Yankinďerar. | nowari (pelican), pomeri (catfish), përi (hawk), tuyuŋui (monitor lizard); |
| Karatinďerar. | wild dog of light hue; |
| Piltinďerar. | pomeri (catfish)[6] |
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c Tindale 1974.
- ^ Watson, Irene (2019). "Colonial Logic and the Coorong Massacres". Adelaide Law Review 167. pp. 167–171. Retrieved 17 December 2023 – via AustLII.
- ^ Taplin 1872, p. 85.
- ^ Tindale 1974, p. 212.
- ^ Brown 1918, p. 228.
- ^ Brown 1918, pp. 228–229.
Sources
edit- Berndt, Ronald Murray; Berndt, Catherine Helen; Stanton, John E. (1993). A World that was: The Yaraldi of the Murray River and the Lakes, South Australia. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-774-80478-3.
- Black, J. M. (1917). "Vocabularies of three South Australian languages—Wirrung, Narrinyeri and Wongaidya". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 41: 1–8.
- Brown, A. R. (July–December 1918). "Notes on the Social Organization of Australian Tribes". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 48: 222–253. doi:10.2307/2843422. JSTOR 2843422.
- Eylmann, Erhard (1908). Die Eingeborenen der Kolonie Südaustralien (PDF). Berlin: D.Reimer.
- Meyer, H. A. E. (1843). Vocabulary of the language spoken by the aborigines of the Southern and Eastern portions of the settled districts of South Australia: preceded by a grammar. Adelaide: James Allen.
- Meyer, H. A. E. (1846). Manners and customs of the aborigines of the Encounter Bay tribe. Adelaide: George Dehane, gov. printer.
- Taplin, George (1872). "Notes on a Comparative Table of Australian Languages". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1: 84–88. doi:10.2307/2841150. JSTOR 2841150.
- Taplin, George (1878) [First published 1873]. "The Narrinyeri". The Native Tribes of South Australia (PDF). Adelaide: E.S. Wigg & Son. pp. 1–156.
- Taplin, George (1879). Folklore, manners, customs and languages of the South Australian aborigines (PDF). Adelaide: E Spiller, Acting Government Printer.
- Taplin, George (1892) [First published 1878]. "Grammar of the Narrinyeri tribe: Appendix B.". In Fraser, John (ed.). An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal, the people of Awaba, or lake Macquarie (near Newcastle, New South Wales) being an account of their language, traditions, and customs (PDF). Sydney: C. Potter, Govt. Printer. pp. 24–28.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett (1935). "Legend of Waijungari, Jaralde tribe, Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, and the phonetic system employed in its transcription". Records of the South Australian Museum. 5 (3): 261–274.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Jarildekald (SA)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett; Mountford, C. P. (1936). "Results of the excavation of Kongarati cave near Second Valley, South Australia". Records of the South Australian Museum. 5 (4): 487–502.