José Mendoza López (July 10, 1910 – May 16, 2005) was a Mexican-born United States Army soldier who was awarded the United States' highest military decoration for valor in combat — the Medal of Honor — for his heroic actions during the Battle of the Bulge,[2] in which he single-handedly repulsed a German infantry attack, killing at least 100 enemy troops.
José Mendoza López | |
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 Master Sergeant José M. López, Medal of Honor | |
| Born | July 10, 1910 Santiago Ihuitlán Plumas, Oaxaca[1] |
| Died | May 16, 2005 (aged 94) San Antonio, Texas |
| Place of burial | Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, San Antonio, Texas |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1973 |
| Rank | Master Sergeant |
| Unit | 3rd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment, U.S. 2nd Infantry Division |
| Battles / wars | World War II *Battle of Normandy *Battle of the Bulge Korean War |
| Awards | Medal of Honor Purple Heart |
Early years
editLópez was raised by his mother Cándida López in the town of Santiago Ihuitlán Plumas, Oaxaca, Mexico. As a young boy, he and his mother moved to the city of Orizaba, where he helped his mother sell clothes that she made as a seamstress in the city. However, his mother died of tuberculosis when he was only eight years old. López then relocated to Brownsville, Texas, United States, to live with his uncle's family.
While living in Brownsville, López began working various jobs to bring in income and never returned to school. As a young man, López caught the attention of a boxing promoter, and for seven years he traveled the country fighting a total of 55 fights in the lightweight division with the nickname of Kid Mendoza. In 1934, during a boxing match in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, he met a group of Merchant Marines and signed a contract with them. He was accepted into the union in 1936 and traveled the world for the next five years.
He was en route to California from Hawaii on December 7, 1941, when he learned about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. When he arrived in Los Angeles, the authorities believed he was Japanese, and he was forced to prove otherwise.
López returned to Brownsville and, in 1942, married Emilia Herrera. That same year, he received his draft card and relocated to San Antonio, where he enlisted in the Army. López was first sent to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and then to Camp Roberts, California, where he received his basic training.[3]
Medal of Honor citation
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On his own initiative, he carried his heavy machine gun from Company K's right flank to its left in order to protect that flank, which was in danger of being overrun by advancing enemy infantry supported by tanks. Occupying a shallow hole offering no protection above his waist, he cut down a group of 10 Germans. Ignoring enemy fire from an advancing tank, he held his position and cut down 25 more enemy infantry attempting to turn his flank. Glancing to his right, he saw a large number of infantry swarming in from the front. Although dazed and shaken from the enemy artillery fire that had crashed into the ground only a few yards away, he realized that his position would soon be outflanked. Again, alone, he carried his machine gun to a position to the right rear of the sector; enemy tanks and infantry were forcing a withdrawal. Blown backward by the concussion of enemy fire, he immediately reset his gun and continued his fire. Single-handedly, he held off the German horde until he was satisfied that his company had effected its retirement. Again, he loaded his gun on his back, and in a hail of small arms fire, he ran to a point where a few of his comrades were attempting to set up another defense against the onrushing enemy. He fired from this position until his ammunition was exhausted. Still carrying his gun, he fell back with his small group to Krinkelt. Sgt. López's gallantry and intrepidity, on seemingly suicidal missions in which he killed at least 100 of the enemy were almost solely responsible for allowing Company K to avoid being enveloped, to withdraw successfully and to give other forces coming up in support time to build a line which repelled the enemy drive.
Post-World War II
editLópez received an enthusiastic reception when his ship landed in New York City and he was greeted by New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia. On a visit to Mexico City, he was greeted by the president of Mexico, Manuel Ávila Camacho, and awarded Mexico's highest military commendation, la Condecoración del Mérito Militar.
He later moved his family to San Antonio, where he was hired as a contact representative with the Veterans Administration. Upon the outbreak of the Korean War, López was accidentally ordered to serve for his country and without hesitation was prepared to do so, until President Harry S. Truman, heard of and corrected the matter so that López could remain in the United States.[4]
José Mendoza López died one year after his wife; they were together for 62 years.
Namesakes
editThe city of Mission, Texas, López' hometown, named a street and a city park — José M. López Park — in his honor.[5]
The North East Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, named a school in his honor, José M. López Middle School.
Also in San Antonio, a section of Interstate 10 was named in his honor. The designation runs east from Interstate 35 to Loop 1604.
A statue of Sgt. López stands in Brownsville's Veterans Park.
Awards and decorations
editAmong José M. López's decorations and medals were the following:
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| Badge | Combat Infantryman Badge with 1 star (denoting 2nd award) | |||||||||||
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| 1st Row | Medal of Honor | Bronze Star with 1 Oak leaf cluster (2 awards) | ||||||||||
| 2nd Row | Purple Heart | Army Commendation Medal | Army Good Conduct Medal with bronze clasp with 4 loops (4 awards) | |||||||||
| 3rd Row | American Defense Service Medal | American Campaign Medal | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal | |||||||||
| 4th Row | World War II Victory Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | National Defense Service Medal | |||||||||
| 5th Row | Korean Service Medal with 3 Campaign stars |
United Nations Korea Medal | Korean War Service Medal | |||||||||
See also
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Notes
edit- ^ Oliver, Myrna (18 May 2005). "José M. López, 94; Battle of the Bulge Hero Killed 100+ German Soldiers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Sergeant Jose Mendoza Lopez's Medal of Honor". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans. 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
- ^ Jose M. Lopez interview Archived 2006-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jose M. Lopez interview/continued Archived 2006-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sergeant José M. López, U.S. Army, 23rd Infantry, 2nd Infantry Division (1912-2005)". Famous People. City of Mission, Texas. Archived from the original on 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
References
edit- Ernie Garrido. "LaGuardia at the dock: When José M. López returned from Europe, he was a hero, the toast of N.Y. and then Mexico City. That's how it is for a Medal of Honor recipient". Latinos & WWII. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
External links
edit- "Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army". Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- "JOSE MENDOZA LOPEZ". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. September 9, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- "Jose Mendoza Lopez on the Medal of Honor Wall at Camp Roberts in California". Retrieved May 15, 2024.
- "José López, Medal of Honor in WWII (Obituary)". Chicago Sun-Times. May 17, 2005. Retrieved 2006-07-23.[permanent dead link]