A journal club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in the academic literature, such as the scientific literature, medical literature, or philosophy literature. Journal clubs are usually organized around a defined subject in basic or applied research. For example, the application of evidence-based medicine to some area of medical practice can be facilitated by a journal club.
Typically, each participant can voice their view relating to several questions such as the appropriateness of the research design, the statistics employed, the appropriateness of the controls that were used, etc. There might be an attempt to synthesize together the results of several papers, even if some of these results might first appear to contradict each other. Even if the results of the study are seen as valid, there might be a discussion of how useful the results are and if these results might lead to new research or to new applications.
Journal clubs are sometimes used in the education of graduate or professional students. These help make the students become more familiar with the advanced literature in their new field of study. In addition, these journal clubs help improve the students' critical thinking skills of understanding and debating current topics of active interest in their field. This type of journal club may sometimes be taken for credit. Research laboratories may also organize journal clubs for all researchers in the lab to help them keep up with the literature produced by others who work in their field.
Traditional journal club
editTraditionally, journal clubs have met weekly or monthly to discuss current research in a topic relevant to the field. An analysis of one hundred publications describing and evaluating journal clubs found that they are most effective if they have a clearly identified leader and have an established purpose that all articles can be linked to.[1]
Online journal clubs
editProminent journals and scientific societies have begun hosting online commenting features that they are referring to as journal clubs.[2][3] The stated purpose of these is to allow for discussion by online comments on scientific publications.[4]
Online journal clubs bring about different benefits to traditional clubs. While journal clubs have been an opportunity for students and trainees to gain experience presenting articles and addressing issues, with the online "journal club" comment format, authors are able to comment and reply to critiques.[5][6]
Twitter-enhanced
editJournal clubs continue to adapt to new technology and methods of communication. Recently journal clubs have begun to take advantage of Twitter allowing geographically diverse groups to participate in a single discussion. The first Twitter Journal club was an Allergy Journal Club run by Dr. Ves Dimoz in 2008. They used Twitter to document the discussion of coverage of a traditional in-person journal club. This journal club established the use of hashtags to organize journal club comments.[7][8]
The first group to run a journal club primarily on Twitter was The Twitter Journal Club started by Natalie Silvey and Fi Douglas in May 2011.[9][10] The original Twitter Journal Club appears to have gone offline. Since then there have been a number of additional Twitter journal clubs.
History
editThe earliest references to a journal club was found in a book of memoirs and letters by the late Sir James Paget, a British surgeon, who describes a group at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London in the mid-19th century as "a kind of club ... a small room over a baker's shop near the Hospital-gate where we could sit and read the journals."[11]
Sir William Osler established the first formalized journal club at McGill University in Montreal in 1875. The original purpose of Osler's journal club was "for the purchase and distribution of periodicals to which he could ill afford to subscribe."[12]
Tinsley Harrison, the famous creator of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine hosted a journal club at his house twice a month where one member of the group would present a research paper and the others would criticize it.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Deenadayalan, Y.; Grimmer-Somers, K.; Prior, M.; Kumar, S. (1 October 2008). "How to run an effective journal club: a systematic review". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 14 (5): 898–911. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01050.x. PMID 19018924.
- ^ "PubMed Commons - Journal Clubs". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-01-01.
- ^ "American Thoracic Society - SRN Journal Club". www.thoracic.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ "Protected Blog › Log in". pubmedcommonsblog.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ "Protected Blog › Log in". pubmedcommonsblog.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ "Protected Blog › Log in". pubmedcommonsblog.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ "The First Journal Club on Twitter - Then and Now". June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2014-11-27.
- ^ "Use of Social Media for Education". Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2014-11-27.
- ^ Samuel Reich, Eugenie (2011-06-20). "Researchers tweet technical talk". Nature. 474 (7352): 431. doi:10.1038/474431a. PMID 21697922.
- ^ "Twitter Journal Club: yet another 'revolution' in scientific communication?". BMJ Blogs. 2011-06-15. Archived from the original on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
- ^ Esisi, Martina (2007). "Journal clubs". BMJ. 335 (7623): s138–s139. doi:10.1136/bmj.39337.722917.7D. S2CID 220092045.
- ^ Milbrandt EB, Vincent JL (2004). "Evidence-based medicine journal club". Crit Care. 8 (6): 401–2. doi:10.1186/cc3005. PMC 1065082. PMID 15566599.
- ^ pittman, james (2011-08-25). "Tinsley Randolph Harrison - The founding editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine". DoctorsHangout.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-09.
Further reading
edit- Dayton, A. I. (2006). "Beyond open access: open discourse, the next great equalizer". Retrovirology. 3 (1): 55. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-55. PMC 1569436. PMID 17007632.