Kagera Region (Mkoa wa Kagera in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,686 km2 (13,778 sq mi).[2] The region is comparable in size to the land area of the Netherlands.[3] Kagera Region is bordered to the east by Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region and Mara Region. The region is bordered to the south by Geita Region and Kigoma Region. Lastly, Kagera borders Rwanda to the west, Uganda to the north and Burundi to the south west. The regional capital city is Bukoba. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,989,299, an increase from 2,458,023 recorded in 2012.[4]
Kagera Region
Mkoa wa Kagera (Swahili) | |
|---|---|
   From top to bottom: Lake Victoria on Kagera's shores, Mater Misericodiae church in Bukoba and scene from Karagwe District | |
| Nickname(s): The land of Kingdoms; Royal Kagera | |
 Location in Tanzania | |
| Coordinates: 1°55′S 31°18′E / 1.917°S 31.300°E | |
| Country |  Tanzania |
| Established | 1961 |
| Named for | Kagera River |
| Capital | Bukoba |
| Districts | |
| Government | |
| • Regional Commissioner | Albert Chalamila |
| Area | |
• Total | 35,686 km2 (13,778 sq mi) |
| • Land | 25,513 km2 (9,851 sq mi) |
| • Water | 10,173 km2 (3,928 sq mi) 27% |
| • Rank | 16 of 31 |
| Elevation | 1,400 m (4,600 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Katerere) | 1,917 m (6,289 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 1,135 m (3,724 ft) |
| Population (2016) | |
• Total | 2,789,577 |
| • Rank | 3 of 31 |
| • Density | 78/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Kageran |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Settler | Swahili |
| • Native | Wahaya, Wanyambo, Washubi, Wahangaza, Waha, Wazinza & Warongo. |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| Postcode | 35xxx |
| Area code | 028 |
| ISO 3166 code | TZ-05 |
| HDI (2021) | 0.521[1] low · 18th of 25 |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols of Tanzania | |
| Bird | Nyanza swift |
| Butterfly |  |
| Fish |  |
| Mammal | _Ourebia_nigricaudata.png) |
| Tree | .jpg) |
| Mineral |  |
Etymology
editThe region derives its name from the Kagera River.
Geography
editKagera borders Uganda to the north, Rwanda and Burundi to the west, and the Tanzanian regions Kigoma to the south and Geita to the east. The Kagera River forms the region's border with Rwanda. The region lies in the middle of 30°25' and 32°40' east, and 1°00' and 2°45' south. The total area is 35,686 square kilometres (13,778 sq mi), of which 25,513 square kilometres (9,851 sq mi) is land and 27 percent, and 10,173 square kilometres (3,928 sq mi) is water. Much of the water is that of the great lake, Victoria, as well as lakes Ikimba, Burigi, Ngono and the Kagera River. Kagera is Tanzania's fifteenth-largest region and accounts for approximately 3.3 percent of Tanzania's land area of 885,800 square kilometres (342,000 sq mi). The regional capital Bukoba is about 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) from Dar es Salaam.[5]
Climate
editWith an average annual rainfall of 500 to 2000 mms, the Kagera Region has a bi-modal rainfall pattern from March to May and from October to November. Rainfall varies from 2000 mm per year in Bukoba to 500 mm in the west, with rainfall being higher along Lake Victoria's coasts and decreasing inland and away from the lake as well as with height. The temperature ranges from 20 degrees Celsius to 28 degrees Celsius. The area is made up of a number of hills that run parallel to the lake's edge and north to south.[6]
Geology
editLying on the Kivu Rift, the western of the two branches of the East African Rift which transverses Tanzania, Kagera experiences significant seismic activity. On 10 September 2016, the region was struck by a 5.9 magnitude earthquake in which 17 people died, and at least 250 others were injured.[7][8]
Kagera is known for its agriculture, lush landscapes, and wildlife. It has reasonably fertile old soils but climate change has led to soil exhaustion and a need to use fertiliser.[9]
Demographics
editPopulation
editOne of the top five most populous regions in the nation is the Kagera region. According to the population and housing Census of 2002, the region had a total population of 2,033,888, with an average growth rate of 3.1%. 6.0% of all Tanzanians living on the mainland were found in the region.[6]
History
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2022) |
During colonization the region was a district called West Lake, that was a part of the Lake Province, that included the Geita, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Simiyu, and Mara, regions. After independence Lake Province was broken up into regions, with Kagera and part of Geita becoming the West Lake Region. Following the Kagera War in 1979, the West Lake Region was renamed the Kagera Region.[5]
For a period of about five centuries, Kagera was home to nine different kingdoms with highly hierarchical societies. Before European colonialism, coffee was a traditional crop in the area, used for its stimulant properties and in local cultural rituals. During colonial times, coffee was transformed into a cash crop. Bananas were a staple food in the region. Although there was a gender-based division of labour in the traditional Bahaya society, women of the time were not thought to be inferior to men. In fact women commanded special respect in all traditional rituals. For example, upon the death of a head of a family (Nyin'enju), during the following inheritance rituals, the "Main Inheritor" (Omusika) had to have a female counterpart selected from among his sisters to share his authority. Similarly, upon the death of a reigning king, during the crowning of the next king, there had to be a "sister to the nation" (Kinyany'engoma) who was also selected from among his sisters.
The kings lived in elaborate palaces and were respected as the direct link to gods of their kingdoms. The authority of the nine kingdoms (Kihanja, Karagwe, Kiziba, Misenye, Bugabo, Kyamtwara, Ihangiro, Bukara and Biharamulo) was diminished when Germans colonised Tanzania in 1885 and supported the Haya, the ethnic group of Bukoba and Muleba Districts over the other districts. However, the local kings held on to power. The demise of these kingdoms came after Tanzania gained its independence and president Nyerere considered them detrimental to national unity.
There was a chief called Omukama (the word meant a king or chief) who could be born with that authority. Some prominent chiefs in Kagera include Kyamukuma, who is a last[clarification needed] chief in Misenye (currently Missenyi District).[10] Other chiefs include Rumanyika of Karagwe, Ruhinda, Kahigi and other inferior chiefs. Kahigi is among the chiefs who waived their territories by collaborating with German colonialists.
Cultural tours are available for tourists visiting Kagera and can be accessed from the region's capital of Bukoba. These tours include visits to the region's national parks/nature reserves etc.
During German rule Dr. M. Zupitza, then serving as the local medical officer, encountered the plague outbreak in Kiziba (1897–1898). In cooperation with Dr. Robert Koch, he confirmed that the cause was the same bacteria as the outbreak in Bombay.
When authority was transferred to the British who supplanted the Germans, Kagera was open to Lutheran missionary activity. Other Christian denominations including the Roman Catholic church later arrived. Their legacy is seen in the many churches in the region.
The attempted annexation of Kagera by Uganda in 1979 triggered the Uganda–Tanzania War.
Economy
editAgriculture is the main economic activity in the region, with the primary crops farmed in the region being pulses. Cereals were the most often planted crop, with 153,993 hectares (42.8% of the total area planted with annuals), followed by root and tubers with 64,261 ha (17.8%), oil seeds with 10,416 ha (2.9%), cash crops with 7,737 ha (2.1%), and fruits and vegetables with 3,558 ha (1.0%). The majority of annual cash crops were cotton. Cereal crop output in the area is dominated by maize, evidenced by 302,529 households in the region raising maize during the brief wet season. This made up about 93.8% of all households that raised crops during that time.[6]
Food crop sales accounted for 54.0% of smallholder households' total cash income in the Kagera Region, with cash crop sales (18.9%), other sporadic income (8.7%), fishing (4.3%), and wages/salaries (4.3%) following. Petty businesses were the primary source of income for only 3.4% of smallholder households, followed by the sale of livestock (2.5%), cash remittances (2.0%), sales of forest products (0.7%), and sales of animal products (0.6%).[6]
Kagera is also one of the largest coffee producers in the country. Muleba (9,968 ha, 26%), Karagwe (8,660 ha, 23%), Ngara (3,600 ha, 10%), Biharamulo (454 ha, 1%), and Bukoba Urban (373 ha, 1%) were the other coffee-producing areas in the area, with Bukoba Rural having the highest area (14,704 ha, 39%). (Map 3.33). However, Ngara (1.23 ha) had the greatest average amount of land planted with coffee per household, followed by Karagwe(0.32 ha), Biharamulo (0.22 ha), Muleba (0.21 ha), Bukoba Rural (0.21 ha), and Bukoba Urban (0.21 ha) (0.18 ha).[6]
Wildlife and national parks
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2022) |
The Kagera Region has abundant wildlife, including baboons, giraffe, elands, crocodiles, hippopotamus, warthog. Birdlife includes African fish eagles, hammerkops, marabou stork, cormorants. kingfishers, and herons.
Kagera is home to Biharamulo Forest Reserve, Burigi-Chato National Park, Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park, Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park, Rubondo Island National Park and Saanane Island National Park. In 2019, Burigi, Biharamulo game reserve, and Lakes Burigi and Kimis were upgraded to become a national park with the Burigi-Chato National Park. Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park was gazetted as Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park and Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park.[11]
Administrative divisions
editDistricts
editKagera Region is divided into eight districts, each administered by a council:
| Districts of Kagera | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Map | District | Population (2012) |
Area (km2) | |||
|
Biharamulo District | 323,486 | 5,627 | |||
| Bukoba Rural | 289,697 | |||||
| Bukoba Urban | 128,796 | |||||
| Karagwe District | 332,020 | 7,716 | ||||
| Kyerwa District | 321,026 | |||||
| Missenyi District | 202,632 | 2,709 | ||||
| Muleba District | 540,310 | 10,739 | ||||
| Ngara District | 320,056 | 3,744 | ||||
| Total | 2,458,023 | 40,838 | ||||
In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 2,789,577 people in the region, from 2,458,023 in 2012.[12][13]
Notable people from Kagera Region
edit- Ali Mufuruki, business man and motivational speaker
- Claver Kamanya, athlete and medalist 400m
- Anna Tibaijuka, politician
- Laurean Rugambwa, Catholic cardinal
- Saida Karoli, musician
- Josiah Kibira, filmmaker
- Justinian Rweyemamu, scholar and economist
References
edit- ^ "Subnational HDI (v5.0)". Global Data Lab. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Institute for Management Research Radboud University Nijmegen. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ "Kagera Region Size".
- ^ 33,481 km2 (12,927 sq mi) for Netherlands at "Area size comparison". Nations Online. 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ "Tanzania country profile". Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Historia ya Mkoa wa Kagera" [History of Kagera Region]. Mkoa wa Kagera (in Swahili). Bukoba, Tanzania: Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa Kagera. 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Kagera Region Report" (PDF). National Beaureu of Statistics. 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ Mulibo, Gabriel D. (1 November 2019). "Investigation of macroseismic intensity of the Mw5.9 September 10, 2016 Kagera earthquake: Implications for site effect amplification". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 159. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Elsevier: 103568. Bibcode:2019JAfES.15903568M. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103568. ISSN 1464-343X. S2CID 200054374. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ Bashaya, Phinias (14 September 2016). "Sh1.4 billion raised for earthquake survivors". The Citizen (Tanzania). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Mwananchi Communications. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ Li, Chaodong; Li, Zhanbin; Yang, Mingyi; Ma, Bo; Wang, Baiqun (9 March 2021). Tchounwou, Paul (ed.). "Grid-Scale Impact of Climate Change and Human Influence on Soil Erosion within East African Highlands (Kagera Basin)". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (5): 2775. doi:10.3390/ijerph18052775. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7967286. PMID 33803377.
- ^ Seth, Niyikiza [The new Haya Transformation, The legacy of Babumbilo (2014)]
- ^ "Tanzania National Parks" (PDF). Dodoma, Tanzania: Tanzania National Parks Authority. January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ 2012 Population and Housing Census - Population Distribution by Administrative Areas (PDF) (Report). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: National Bureau of Statistics. 1 March 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ 2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara [Population Estimates in Administrative Areas for the Year 2016, Mainland Tanzania] (PDF) (Report) (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: National Bureau of Statistics. 1 April 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
External links
edit