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Koronadal

(Redirected from Koronadal City)

Koronadal, officially the City of Koronadal (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Koronadal; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Koronadal; Maguindanaon: Kuta nu Kurunadal, Jawi: كوت نو كوروندل; Filipino: Lungsod ng Koronadal), also known as Marbel, is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of South Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 195,398 people.[3]

Koronadal
Marbel
Component city
City of Koronadal
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiكوروندل
Koronadal Poblacion Roundabout (top), City Hall (bottom)
Flag of Koronadal
Flag
Official seal of Koronadal
Seal
Nicknames: 
  • Ilonggo City of Mindanao
  • Crown City of the South
  • Sports Mecca of the South
Motto: 
Bagong Koronadal... Ngayon at Bukas!
Map of South Cotabato with Koronadal highlighted
Map of South Cotabato with Koronadal highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Koronadal is located in Philippines
Koronadal
Koronadal
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 6°30′N 124°51′E / 6.5°N 124.85°E / 6.5; 124.85
CountryPhilippines
RegionSoccsksargen
ProvinceSouth Cotabato
District 2nd district
FoundedJanuary 10, 1939
(as Marbel Settlement District)
CharteredAugust 18, 1947
CityhoodOctober 8, 2000
Barangays27 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorEliordo "Bebot" U. Ogena
 • Vice MayorErlinda "Bing" Pabi Araquil
 • RepresentativePeter B. Miguel
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate122,724 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
277.00 km2 (106.95 sq mi)
Elevation
333 m (1,093 ft)
Highest elevation
2,271 m (7,451 ft)
Lowest elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
195,398
 • Density710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 • Households
50,814
Demonym(s)Koronadaleños; Marbeleños
Economy
 • Income class3rd city income class
 • Poverty incidence
11.77
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 1,139 million (2020), 513.6 million (2012), 599.1 million (2013), 626.4 million (2014), 701.4 million (2015), 763.7 million (2016), 901.5 million (2017), 915 million (2018), 1,085 million (2019), 1,212 million (2021), 1,618 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 2,816 million (2020), 1,251 million (2012), 1,253 million (2013), 1,348 million (2014), 1,380 million (2015), 1,738 million (2016), 2,121 million (2017), 2,205 million (2018), 2,428 million (2019), 2,837 million (2021), 3,139 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 1,052 million (2020), 492.8 million (2012), 467.1 million (2013), 472.3 million (2014), 523.4 million (2015), 591.2 million (2016), 647.5 million (2017), 758.2 million (2018), 864.1 million (2019), 1,113 million (2021), 1,271 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 433 million (2020), 277.9 million (2012), 225.7 million (2013), 218.9 million (2014), 283.8 million (2015), 282.2 million (2016), 372.2 million (2017), 344 million (2018), 381.8 million (2019), 413.1 million (2021), 496.2 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricitySouth Cotabato 1 Electric Cooperative (SOCOTECO 1)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
9506
PSGC
126306000
IDD : area code +63 (0)83
Native languagesHiligaynon
Cebuano
Maguindanao
Blaan
Tagalog
Websitekoronadal.gov.ph

It is the capital of the province of South Cotabato as well as the regional administrative center of Soccsksargen (Region XII) and also the second most populous city in both former and latter after General Santos City.[5]

Koronadal is one of the Planned Cities of the Philippines that were signed by Congress on 1965. It became a component city of South Cotabato by virtue of Republic Act 8803 dated October 8, 2000.[6]

Koronadal is one of the two cities in Mindanao where majority of the citizens are ethnic Hiligaynons, who comprise 95% of the city's population, the other being Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat.[6] In 2003 and 2005 the city was recognized as "Most Competitive City" in the small-city category, and in 2005 and 2006 as the most business friendly city in Mindanao.[7]

Etymology

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The word Koronadal is believed to have been derived from two Blaan words—kalon meaning cogon grass, and nadal or datal meaning plain, which aptly described the place to the natives.[8] On the other hand, Marbel, which is another name for the poblacion, is a Blaan term marb el which means "murky waters" referring to a river, now called the Marbel River.

History

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Cotabato province 1918 map

The settlement of Koronadal and its creation as a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. #82 dated August 18, 1947, was marked by a rapid initial development, so that when the province of South Cotabato was created under Republic Act No. 4849 on July 18, 1966, it easily became the capital town. In the past, the place was populated by Blaan people and Maguindanaons.[8]

Koronadal City used to comprise the area extending from the banks of Buluan Lake to the north to Barangay Polonoling in the municipality of Tupi, South Cotabato to the south from Quezon mountain range to the northeast to the municipality of T'boli, South Cotabato to the southeast.

It was on August 18, 1947, when President Manuel Roxas signed the Executive Order creating the municipalities in the entire province of Cotabato, one of which was Marbel (now Koronadal). The same executive order likewise mandated the official function of the municipal government which began after the qualification and election of the first set of municipal officials.

The municipal government of Koronadal began its official function on January 1, 1948, with an approved Annual Estimated Budget of ₱30,000.00 (equivalent to ₱3,711,923 in 2021). The land area of the municipality by then was comparable with the Province of Bataan embracing the present municipalities of Banga, Lake Sebu, Norala, Santo Niño, Surallah, T'Boli, Tampakan, Tupi, and Isulan in Sultan Kudarat.

Municipal Council Resolution No. 32, Series of 1948 mandated and proclaimed January 10 of each year as the Municipal Town Fiesta commemorating the foundation of Marbel Settlement District of the National Land Settlement.

Cityhood

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Main article: Cities of the Philippines

Koronadal was converted into a component city of South Cotabato by virtue of Republic Act No. 8803 on October 8, 2000. At present, Koronadal City is a fast-developing growth center composed of twenty-seven barangays including the four zones in the poblacion. Being the capital city of South Cotabato, it is the center of the province in terms of political, cultural and socio-economic activities.

By virtue of Executive Order No. 304 signed by then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Koronadal City was named as the Regional political and socio-economic center of Soccsksargen on March 30, 2004. Regional departments, bureaus and offices were ordered to move from Cotabato City, the former Regional Center of the Region.[9]

Geography

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Koronadal is located in the central part of southern Mindanao, in a gently sloping plain surrounded by low mountains.[10]

Barangays

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Juan Posadas Street, Poblacion Zone 2, Koronadal City

Koronadal City is politically subdivided into 27 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

There are 8 barangays which classified as urban (highlighted in bold).

  • Assumption (Bulol)
  • Avanceña (Barrio Tres)
  • Cacub
  • Caloocan
  • Carpenter Hill
  • Concepcion (Barrio Sais)
  • Esperanza
  • General Paulino Santos (Barrio Uno)
  • Mabini
  • Magsaysay
  • Mambucal
  • Morales
  • Namnama
  • New Pangasinan (Barrio Kwatro)
  • Paraiso
  • Poblacion Zone I
  • Poblacion Zone II
  • Poblacion Zone III
  • Poblacion Zone IV
  • Rotonda
  • San Isidro
  • San Jose (Barrio Singko)
  • San Roque
  • Santa Cruz
  • Santo Niño (Barrio Dos)
  • Saravia (Barrio Otso)
  • Topland (Barrio Syete)

Climate

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Climate data for Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		24
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 64
(2.5) 		45
(1.8) 		59
(2.3) 		71
(2.8) 		140
(5.5) 		179
(7.0) 		192
(7.6) 		198
(7.8) 		163
(6.4) 		147
(5.8) 		113
(4.4) 		66
(2.6) 		1,437
(56.5)
Average rainy days 12.2 10.3 12.7 15.7 26.0 27.4 28.1 28.2 26.0 26.7 22.9 16.6 252.8
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[11]

The climate of Koronadal is mild and sub-tropical, belonging to climate Type IV. The place is typhoon free. Rainy months are from June to October.[10]

Demographics

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Population census of Koronadal
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 13,957—    
1939 19,651+1.64%
1948 53,563+11.79%
1960 32,437−4.09%
1970 54,413+5.30%
1975 62,764+2.90%
1980 80,566+5.12%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 108,738+3.04%
1995 118,231+1.58%
2000 133,786+2.69%
2007 149,622+1.55%
2010 158,273+2.07%
2015 174,942+1.93%
2020 195,398+2.20%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[12][13][14][15]

Language

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The main language of the city is Hiligaynon, earning the city its nickname "Ilonggo Capital of Mindanao". Tagalog, Maguindanaon, Ilocano and Cebuano are also widely spoken. While Maranao, English, and Arabic are also heard in the city.[16]

Religion

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Churches and Mosques in Koronadal:

Churches
  • Christ the King Cathedral (San Antonio de Padua Parish Church), Downtown Koronadal
  • San Guillermo Parish Church, Brgy. Morales
  • Sagrada Familia Parish Church, Brgy. San Jose
  • Sacred Heart Parish Church, Brgy. General Paulino Santos
  • Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish Church, Santa Cruz
  • Passionist Seminary, Brgy. Paraiso
  • Our Lady of Perpetual Help Seminary, Brgy. Santo Niño
  • Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Downtown Koronadal
  • Marbel Baptist Church (SBC), Downtown Koronadal
  • Artesian Christian Fellowship (SBC), Brgy. San Roque
  • Southern Cathedral of Faith (SBC), Downtown Koronadal
  • Southern Baptist Church (SBC), Downtown Koronadal
  • Gethsemane Baptist Church (SBC), Brgy. Sta. Cruz
  • Life-Changing International Ministries (SBC), Brgy. Morales
  • Bo. 6 Baptist Church (SBC), Brgy. Concepcion
  • Iglesia ni Cristo, Downtown Koronadal
  • Iglesia ni Cristo, Brgy. Morales
  • Members Church of God International, Downtown Koronadal
  • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Downtown Koronadal

Mosques

  • Koronadal Grand Mosque, Downtown Koronadal
  • Balik-Islam Mosque, Brgy. Morales
  • Engineer Buisan Mosque, Downtown Koronadal
  • Masjid Al-Fuqarah, Prk Kings compound
  • Marbel Masjid, F.Antipolo Street
  • Al-Masjidul Azraq, Tamnag
  • Macasayon Old Mosque, Tamnag

Economy

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Poverty incidence of Koronadal

5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
19.90
2009
21.65
2012
21.71
2015
22.41
2018
12.10
2021
11.77

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Retail and commercial

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KCC Mall of Marbel 2015

Home for many shopping malls in South Cotabato, it serves as one of the tourism economic activity of the city. Koronadal is considered as the main shopping hub for nearby municipalities and provinces.

Government

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Koronadal became a city on October 8, 2000. Since then the City Government of Koronadal has been in charge of the political, socio-cultural and economic development of the city.

Incumbent Officials:

  • Mayor: Eliordo Ogena (Since 2019–present)
  • Vice Mayor: Erlinda P. Araquil (Since 2022–present)
List of Mayors and Vice Mayors
Year Mayor Notes Vice Mayor
1940 The Marbel Settlement District was created under Commonwealth Act No. #141 dated January 10, 1940
Bai Luma Panat First Municipal District Mayor appointed by Colonel Dionisio Gutierrez
1941 - 1943
1943 - 1947 Sergio Morales Appointed by Brigadier General Salipada Pendatun
1947 The Municipality of Koronadal was created by the virtue of Executive Order No. #82 dated August 18, 1947
1947 - 1951 Sergio Morales
1951 The first local election in Koronadal was held
1951 - 1955 Hilario De Pedro Sr. First elected Municipal Mayor Venancio Magbanua
1955 - 1959
1959 - 1963 Arturo Rojas Sr.
1964 - 1967
1968 - 1969
1969 - 1970 Gerardo Calaliman
1971 - 1975
1975 - 1980
1980 The first local election since the declaration of Martial Law
1980 - 1988 Ismael Sueno
1988 Local election under the new Constitution
1988 - 1992 Fernando Miguel
1992 - 1995
1995 - 1998
1998 - 2000 Vicente De Jesus
2000 The Municipality of Koronadal was converted into a City by the Republic Act No. #8803 dated August 16, 2000
2000 - 2001 Vicente De Jesus First City Mayor
2001 - 2004 Fernando Miguel
2004 - 2007
2007 - 2010
2010 - 2013 Peter Miguel Eliordo Ogena
2013 - 2016
2016 - 2019
2019 - 2022 Eliordo Ogena Peter Miguel
2022–Present Erlinda Araquil

Culture

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B’laan culture

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The B'laan people are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Another tribe called the Maguindanao also inhabits the same area. The two tribes consider themselves to be brothers and sisters. Long ago, an Arab male (ancestral brother) married a B'laan female (ancestral sister) and through this marriage union, Islam arrived in Southern Mindanao so that when the Spaniards arrived, their attempts to establish Catholicism were unsuccessful in the south. Eventually the B'laan and the Maguindanao became trade partners with the B'laan settling in the mountains and the Maguindanao settling along the coastal areas. From that time until now, the B'laans have been producing rice, vegetables, livestock, and rainforest products. The original religion of the Blaan is Animist. Presently, only 5% of the 8,000 B'laan tribal people are considered to be evangelical.

Maguindanaon culture

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The cultural diversity of the region is the result of a large influx of migrants from the north during American colonial period which continued later. Found here are three main cultural groups: the early Filipinos who belong to various indigenous tribes living in the highlands and remote areas of Mindanao, the Maguindanaons who were early converts to Islam and who regard the region as their traditional homeland in the historical Sultanate of Maguindanao, and the Catholic Filipinos who founded settlements and communities in the course of their migrations from other parts of the country.

Catholic culture

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The Catholic Filipinos make up the great majority (over 70%) of the Southern Philippine population. They are relatively newcomers to the area; the first wave of Christian migrants came in the seventeenth century when the Spaniards sought to populate Zamboanga, Jolo, Dapitan and other areas by encouraging people from Luzon and the Visayas to settle there. In the nineteenth century Spanish policy found considerable success in encouraging migrations to Iligan and Cotabato.

The Americans continued this pattern during their colonial administration. In 1913 the American colonial government provided resources for the establishment of agricultural colonies in Mindanao. By the time the Philippine Commonwealth was established, Mindanao had become a veritable frontier. Wave upon wave of migrants poured into the region, chiefly among them the Hiligaynons, Cebuanos, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans. These people did much to clear the virgin areas of Mindanao and open them to extensive agriculture and industry.

Events

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Koronadal also hosted an international activity called Pyesta Kalon Datal: Koronadal International Folkloric Festival in coordination with Conseil international des organisations de festivals de folklore et d'arts traditionnels or the International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Art (CIOFF) last August 10 to 18, 2015[25] and August 11 to 18, 2018[26] and several national activities such as the Palarong Pambansa in 1996 with General Santos and solo in 2007, Mindanao Business Forum, and National Schools Press Conference. On June 12, 2009, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo together with Defense Secretary Gibo Teodoro celebrated the 111th Independence Day in the city, which marks a significant and historic event in the history of Koronadal.

Festivals

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T'nalak Festival
  • Hinugyaw Festival (January 8–10) – is the festival that marks the foundation anniversary of Koronadal as a municipality. It shows the festive spirit of the people of Koronadal with street dancing and night beer parties in the streets of Koronadal among other worthwhile activities.
  • T'nalak Festival (July 16–18) – a festival that celebrates South Cotabato's Tboli tribe with colorful abaca cloth created and woven by the women from their tribe. It symbolizes the blending of culture, strength and unity of the various ethnic groups living in the province. They have Dayana Civic Parade which highlighted by a float and cheer dance competition. They perform on the streets of the city showcasing native costumes of Blaan, Tboli and other tribal groups in Mindanao.
  • Cityhood Charter Anniversary (October 8) – celebrates the cityhood of Koronadal highlighted by "Negosyo Festival" showcasing the vibrancy of business and other economic enterprises in the City of Koronadal; consumers enjoy month-long citywide grand sale as participating business establishments give discounts of up to 70% off their regular prices on goods or services. Through Presidential Proclamation 689, October 8, 2024 was declared a special non-working day for the celebration of the city’s 24th Charter anniversary.[27]

Tourism

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Historical marker for the burial site of the Seventeen Martyrs of Koronadal

Museums

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  • Historical Marker of the Seventeen Martyrs
  • Notre Dame of Marbel University Library and Museum
  • South Cotabato Community Museum
  • Tantoco Memorial Showcase

Parks

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  • Bong Gumne de Muhon
  • CIOFF Park
  • Damweng Dmatal
  • Freedom Park
  • General Paulino Santos Roundball
  • Paraiso Verde Water Park
  • Rizal Park

Resorts

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  • El Gawel Zoo
  • Mambucal Hot Spring

Shrines

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  • Albert Morrow and Santiago Odi Memorial Shrine
  • Filipino–Japanese Memorial Shrine

Waterfalls

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  • Saravia Falls
  • Siok Falls
  • Supon Falls

Healthcare

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Health Facilities in Koronadal are also widely distributed to all Marbeleños.

Hospitals in the City of Koronadal:

  • South Cotabato Provincial Hospital, Aguinaldo Street
  • Allah Valley Medical Specialists' Center, General Santos Drive
  • Dr. Arturo P. Pingoy Medical Center, General Santos Drive
  • Socomedics Medical Center, Judge Alba Street

Education

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Education in Koronadal is widely distributed to all Koronadaleños. As for the school year 2009–2010, there are 95 primary and elementary schools in the city, both in public and private schools; while there are 17 secondary schools, both in public and private schools.

Elementary and high schools

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The list below shows some prominent secondary and elementary schools present in the city:

Higher educational institutions

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Notre Dame of Marbel University

There are two universities in the city:

Other colleges are also vibrant in the education business. The list below shows the tertiary level schools present in the city:

Seminaries

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Koronadal is also home to two seminaries, the Our Lady of Perpetual Help Seminary or locally known as OLPHS and the St. Gabriel College Seminary run by the Passionist Fathers of the Philippines which is located at Purok San Gabriel, Brgy. Zone 3.

Transportation

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Land

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Public Utility Vehicle

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Popular mode of public transportation in the city are the tricycles which was divided in 2021 into 4 cluster routes:

  • Red cluster (Northern Barangays)
    • Avanceña
    • Caloocan
    • part of General Paulino Santos
    • part of Morales
    • Poblacion Zone 1
    • San Jose
  • Yellow cluster (Eastern Barangays)
    • Cacub
    • Concepcion
    • Esperanza
    • General Paulino Santos
    • Mabini
    • Magsaysay
    • New Pangasinan
    • Poblacion Zone 2
    • Rotonda
    • San Roque
    • Santo Niño
    • Topland
  • Green cluster (Southern Barangays)
    • Assumption
    • Carpenter Hill
    • Mambucal
    • Poblacion Zone 2
    • Santa Cruz
    • San Isidro
    • Saravia
  • Blue cluster (Western Barangays)
    • Morales
    • Paraiso
    • Poblacion Zone 4

In accordance with the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program of the Philippine government, the government of Koronadal launched on 2022 the 10 routes that will serve the city:

Route Destination Notes
Route 1 San Jose - Downtown via Public Market Terminal Future route
Route 2 Saravia - Downtown via Public Market Terminal Active route
Route 3 Topland - Downtown via Public Market Terminal Future route
Route 4 San Roque - Downtown via Public Market Terminal Future route
Route 5 Paraiso - Downtown via Public Market Terminal Future route
Route 6 San Isidro - Downtown loop via the Integrated Public Transport Terminal CW & CCW

Active route

Route 7 Morales - Downtown via the Integrated Public Transport Terminal Future route
Route 8 Downtown loop 1 via the Integrated Public Transport Terminal CW & CCW

Future route

Route 9 Downtown loop 2 via the Integrated Public Transport Terminal CW & CCW

Future route

Tampakan - Downtown Active route

Railway

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Koronadal will house the Koronadal terminus station of the Mindanao Railway Phase Two which will involve a 150 km (93 mi) segment south of Phase 1 between the cities of Digos and Koronadal, passing through General Santos.[28]

Air

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The nearest airport that serve Koronadal City is the General Santos International Airport in General Santos. Alternative airports like Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City and the Cotabato Airport in Cotabato City are also accessible.

Sea

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The nearest seaport that serve Koronadal is the Makar Wharf in General Santos. Alternative seaports like the Sasa Port in Davao City is also accessible.

Notable personalities

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Sister cities

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References

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  1. ^  City of Koronadal | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Region XII (Soccsksargen)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  5. ^ Usman, Edd (March 10, 2019). "PHL's one-stop shop halal center opens". BusinessMirror. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Kanami Koronadal :: Official Website of the City Government". Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  7. ^ Estabillo, Allen (November 6, 2007). "Koronadal searching for product to serve as city's identity". MindaNews. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Kanami Koronadal :: Official Website". Archived from the original on April 20, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
  9. ^ "The President's Day: April 27, 2004". Official Gazette. Office of the Press Secretary. April 27, 2004. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Geography". koronadal.gov.ph. City of Koronadal. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  11. ^ "Koronadal: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  12. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region XII (Soccsksargen)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  13. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region XII (Soccsksargen)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  14. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region XII (Soccsksargen)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  15. ^ "Province of South Cotabato". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  16. ^ "Language". koronadal.gov.ph. City of Koronadal. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  17. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  18. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  19. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  20. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  21. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  22. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  23. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  24. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  25. ^ "Koronadal goes international with 'Pyesta Kolon Datal'". The Manila Times. August 8, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  26. ^ "Koronadal City to host 2nd CIOFF 2018 International Festival | Facebook". www.facebook.com.
  27. ^ Flores, Helen (September 23, 2024). "Palace declares special holidays in 5 areas". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  28. ^ "Mindanao Railway Project to take 10-15 years to complete". October 27, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  29. ^ Tayona, Glenda; Silubrico, Ruby (August 25, 2018). "Iloilo to showcase culture to 'sister cities' tonight". Panay News. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  30. ^ "Resolution Sisterhood Cities in Region12". Facebook. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022.
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