The Labour Party of Malaya (Malay: Parti Buruh Malaya; abbrev. LPM) was a political party in Malaya that was active between 1952 and 1969. It was originally formed as a confederation of state based labour parties known as the Pan-Malayan Labour Party (PMLP).
Labour Party of Malaya Parti Buruh Malaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | Lab, LPM |
| Founded | June 1952 |
| Dissolved | 6 September 1978 |
| Preceded by | Pan-Malayan Labour Party |
| Youth wing | Socialist Youth League of Malaya |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| National affiliation | Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (1957–66) United Front (1966) |
| International affiliation | Socialist International (1952–1966)[1][2] Asian Socialist Conference |
| Colours | Red, white |
History
editOrigins
editThe LPM's roots lay in the state labour parties that were established after the British government announced plans to organise local elections in 1950. In 1952, representatives from the state parties, 21 trade unions and the Malay left-leaning organisation SABERKAS (or Syarikat Berkerjasama Am Saiburi, not to be confused with the present day SABERKAS in Sarawak) met in Kuala Lumpur and decided to form the PMLP. This organisation initially took an anti-communist stand but was not overtly anti-colonial.
The party joined the Socialist International as a member.[3]
The party chairman Lee Moke Sang was forced to resign as public servants were barred from political office. D.S. Ramanathan became the new chairman.[4] With the rise of more radical socialist leadership, the positions gradually took a more anti-colonial form and in June 1954, the organisation was renamed the LPM.[5]
Development
editWith a radical agenda as its platform, the LPM was routed in the Federal legislative elections of 1955 and failed to gain any seats. The LPM, however, managed to capture the City Council of Georgetown in Penang in the 1956 local elections with a majority of eight seats.
According to the party's own accounts it had more or less the same number of Malay and Chinese members, but very few Indians or people from other communities. The party identified itself as a non-communal party. It considered that the Alliance government represented capitalist and feudal groups.[6]
The party had a youth wing called the Socialist Youth League of Malaya.[7]
Socialist Front
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Persecution
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Radicalisation
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Demise
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Platform
editPre-Independence
editThe LPM's founding constitution demanded immediate self-government for Malaya, liberal citizenship laws, the Malayanization of the civil service, a planned economy, greater democratic justice and agrarian reform. The LPM also proposed for the abolishment of special privileges for any ethnic group, federal nationality to supersede state nationality, the use of Malay as the national language and English as a second language, the merger of Singapore with the Federation of Malaya, the limiting the powers of the Malay rulers, an elected presidency, and a secular state.
Post-Independence
editIn view of the changed circumstances after the independence of Malaya in 1957, the LPM amended its constitution in 1959 to strive for the establishment of a united democratic socialist state of Malaya and to secure for the workers who work by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible, upon the basis of the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, and the best obtainable system of popular administration and control of each industry or service (the latter part essentially mirroring the then Clause IV of the British Labour Party's constitution).
General elections result
edit| Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 | 0 / 52
|
31 | 4,786 | 0.48% |  ; No representation in Legislative Council
|
D. S. Ramanathan |
| 1959 | 6 / 104
|
31 |  6 seats; Opposition coalition(Socialist Front) |
Ishak Mohammad | ||
| 1964 | 2 / 159
|
33 |  4 seats; Opposition coalition(Socialist Front) |
Tan Chee Khoon |
State election result
edit| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kedah | Kelantan | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
|
| 1955 | 0 / 14
|
0 / 13
|
0 / 12
|
0 / 3
| ||||||
| 1959 | 0 / 24
|
0 / 30
|
7 / 24
|
0 / 40
|
0 / 24
|
1 / 28
|
3 / 24
|
0 / 20
|
3 / 32
|
14 / 48
|
| 1964 | 0 / 24
|
2 / 24
|
0 / 40
|
0 / 24
|
3 / 28
|
0 / 24
|
2 / 20
|
0 / 32
|
7 / 89
| |
References
edit- ^ "Socialist Int'l May Become World Body". The Straits Times. 1952-10-20. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ "MacCarthyism in Socialist International, charge by Tan". The Straits Times. 1966-03-08. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ Rose, Saul. Socialism in Southern Asia. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. pp. 8-9
- ^ D.S. Ramanathan. Tasks of Socialism in Malaya, in Socialist Asia, Vol IV, November 1955/February 1956, Nos. 3-4. p. 8
- ^ Rahman, (1997) Pemikiran Islam di Malaysia: sejarah dan aliran, p130 ISBN 978-9795614302
- ^ D.S. Ramanathan. Socialism in Malaya, in May Day 1956, jointly published by the Socialist International and the Asian Socialist Conference. pp. 7-8
- ^ Resolutions of the Socialist Youth League of Malaya, in May Day 1956, jointly published by the Socialist International and the Asian Socialist Conference. p. 8
Further reading
edit- Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. pp. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.
- Penang Story: Facing Up to Storm Clouds : The Labour Party of Malaya, Penang Division, 1963 – 1969