The Malani (Dutch: Marowijnekreek), also Marouini (Dutch: Marowini), is a river in the disputed area between French Guiana and Suriname. According to Suriname, it is the border river,[1] however France considers the Litani the border.[2] The river has its source at Pic Coudreau in the Tumuk Humak Mountains. It has its mouth at the confluence with the Litany at Antecume Pata and continues its journey as the Lawa River. The Malani has a length of 245 kilometres (152 mi).[3]
| Malani River Marowijnekreek River Marouini / Marowini River | |
|---|---|
 Drawing of the Malani during the Henri Coudreau expedition (1893) | |
  Location of mouth | |
| Location | |
| Country | France / Suriname |
| Territory | French Guiana |
| Municipality | Maripasoula / Tapanahony |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Pic Coudreau, Tumuk Humak Mountains |
| • coordinates | 2°15′28.4″N 54°20′44.9″W / 2.257889°N 54.345806°W |
| Mouth | Confluence with Litani |
• coordinates | 3°17′58.9″N 54°3′58″W / 3.299694°N 54.06611°W |
| Length | 245 km |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Lawa → Maroni → Atlantic Ocean |
| Tributaries | |
| • right | Wanapi |
Name
editThe river is known in Suriname and the Netherlands as the Marowijnekreek.[1] It used to be called Marouini in France, however the Wayana name of Malani is becoming the accepted version.[4][3] The names Marouini and Marowijnekreek were also used in the past for the Lawa River.[5]
Course
editThe Malani has its source at Pic Coudreau, a 711 metres (2,333 ft) high inselberg in the Tumuk Humak Mountains near the border with Brazil.[6] The river first heads south and makes a 180 degree turn around Pic Coudreau and continues its journey northwards through the tropical rainforest. The largest tributary is the Wanapi which measures 92 kilometres (57 mi).[7] After a meandering journey of 245 kilometres (152 mi), there is a confluence with the Litani, and both rivers continue as the Lawa River. The Lawa in turn flows into the Maroni which has its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.[3]
Former settlements
editIn 1791, the Aluku Maroons were chased out of Suriname and moved into French Guiana.[8] The tribe continued their journey to the Malani. They were not completely safe there either, because Boni, the leader of the tribe, was killed on the river on 19 February 1793.[9] The Aluku eventually returned to Gaan Day along the Lawa River, and had abandoned the Malani around 1839.[10]
From the 1880s onwards, the indigenous Wayana moved from the Paru River in Brasil northwards along the Malani and Litani. Several villages were founded which were visited by Henri Coudreau in 1893.[11] With the exception of Saint-Laurent which is located at the mouth, the river is nowadays uninhabited.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ a b Joop den Uyl (25 November 1975). "Aan: De Regering van de Republiek Suriname t.a.v. Zijne Excellentie de Heer H.A.E. Arron, Minister-President". Suriname.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ "Guyane française – Suriname : le tracé définitif de la frontière officiellement fixé sur 400 km". Eduscol (in French). 8 April 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ a b c "malani ouest (crique); malani (riviere)". Sandre (in French). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
The Malani Ouest and the Malani are considered one river
- ^ Francis Dupuy. "Un territoire, deux peuples : autochtonie, histoire, légitimité dans le sud-ouest de la Guyane" (PDF). Université de la Réunion. p. 2. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Karin Boven (2006). "Overleven in een Grensgebied: Veranderingsprocessen bij de Wayana in Suriname en Frans-Guyana" (PDF) (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Rozenberg Publishers. p. 90. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ "Monts Bakra et pic Coudreau". Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel (in French). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ "wanapi (crique)". Sandre (in French). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Benjamins, Herman Daniël; Snelleman, Johannes (1917). Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië (in Dutch). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 154.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ Wim Hoogbergen (1985). "Boni, ca. 1730-1793. Mythe en werkelijkheid". Maatstaf (in Dutch). Vol. 33. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Sandro Capo Chichi (10 February 2018). "L'Histoire des Boni de Guyane et du Surinam". Nofi Media (in French). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Renzo Duin (2009). "Wayana Socio-Political Landscapes: Multi-Scalar Regionality and Temporality in Guiana". pp. 119–120. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Renzo Duin (2014). "Engaged Archaeology: Participatory Mapping with the Indigenous People of the Upper Maroni River Basin, Northern Amazonia". Amazônica - Revista de Antropologia. Vol. 6, No 2. Amazônica - Revista de Antropologia. p. 341. Retrieved 9 July 2022.