Sheikh al-Hadith Mawlānā Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (Urdu: محمد عبد اللہ غازی c. 1 June 1935 – 17 October 1998) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and theologian who served as Chairman of Ruet-e-Hilal Committee and as the first Imam and Khatib of Lal Masjid, and founded Jamia Faridia University and Jamia Hafsa.[1]
Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi محمد عبد اللہ غازی | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Chancellor of Faridia University | |
| In office 1971 – 17 October 1998 | |
| Preceded by | None (office created) |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Aziz Ghazi |
| Chairman of Ruet-e-Hilal Committee | |
| In office 1993 – 17 October 1998 | |
| Succeeded by | Muneeb-ur-Rehman |
| Imam and Khatib of Lal Masjid | |
| In office 1965 – 17 October 1998 | |
| Preceded by | None (office created) |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Aziz Ghazi |
| 1st Chancellor of Jamia Hafsa | |
| In office 1992 – 17 October 1998 | |
| Preceded by | None (office created) |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Aziz Ghazi |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1 June 1935 (c. 29th Safar 1354 AH) |
| Died | 17 October 1998 (aged 63)(c. 26th Jumada al-Thani 1419 AH) |
| Cause of death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Jamia Faridia, Islamabad 33.7311462, 73.0517133 |
| Religion | Islam |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Children | Abdul Aziz Ghazi Abdul Rashid Ghazi |
| Citizenship |  British Indian (1935–1947) Pakistani (1947–1998) |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| School | Hanafi |
| Movement | Deobandi |
| Alma mater | Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia Jamia Qasim-ul-Uloom |
| Signature |  |
| Muslim leader | |
| Teacher | |
He graduated from Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia and served as the first Imam and Khatib of Lal Masjid, the first mosque established in Pakistan's new capital, Islamabad. Ghazi was also a senior member of Wifaq Al Madaris Al Arabiyah (Federation of Madaris), and Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat.[2]
In 1971, he founded Jamia Faridia in Islamabad, the first Islamic seminary to be established in Islamabad. He taught the Kutub al-Sitta including Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī at the madrasah, and was well-known by the title "Shaykh al-Hadith".[3]
Early life and Education
editMuhammad Abdullah Ghazi was born on 1 June 1935 (29th Safar 1354 AH) during the British Raj in the village of Basti-Abdullah, Rajanpur District into the family of Ghazi Muhammad descending from the Sadwani (Sodvani) clan of the Mazari tribe of Baluchistan.[4] his father was socially active, which got him in trouble many times and he was arrested by the British Indian Army and sentenced to 8 years in Jail.[5] there he became religious and motivated his son to join a local madrassa.[6]
At the age of seven, Ghazi enrolled into "Madrasa Khudam-ul-Qur'an" of Rahim Yar Khan, to complete the Hifz (memorization of the Quran).[3]
After his primary education, Ghazi went to study at Jamia Qasim Ul Uloom in Multan for further education, where he studied for 5 years and was a student of Mufti Mahmud.[3]
He then went to Karachi, and joined Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia, Karachi, from where he completed his Dars-i Nizami in 1957, and was among the top students of Muhammad Yousuf Banuri.[6]
After completing his Dars-i Nizami, he served as Imam of Jamia Masjid Rashidiya, Malir for few years.[3] during this period, he also served on the advisory committee for Bayyināt, the monthly journal published by Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia.[3]
Lal Masjid
editWhen the Capital of Pakistan was moved from Karachi to Islamabad, and the first congregational mosque (Lal Masjid) was established, Ghazi became its first sermon preacher in 1965 upon the recommendation of his teacher Muhammad Yousuf Banuri.[6]
Ghazi's sermons drew in thousands of worshippers including prominent political figures such as Prime Minister Balakh Sher Mazari and Presidents of Pakistan including Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Farooq Leghari as well as General Zia-ul-Haq who was a regular visitor to the mosque as before the completion of the Faisal Mosque, The Lal Masjid had been the only main congregational mosque in the city.[7] Located in a very central position, the mosque lies in close proximity to the Presidential Palace and Prime Minister's Office.[8]
in 1974, He played a key role in mobilizing support for the Tehreek-e-Tahafuz-e-Khatm-e-Nubuwwat, and the mosque became the center of meetings and processions of the movement. the leaders of the movement, Mufti Mahmood and Allama Yusuf Banuri was both ghazi's teacher. this movement led to the Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan.[9]
In 1976, as part of his six day state visit to Pakistan, King Khalid of Saudi Arabia also visited the Lal Masjid in Islamabad, where he prayed behind Ghazi,[10] and it was during this visit he initiated the construction of King Faisal Mosque in Islamabad and toured the nearby seminary, Jamia Faridia.[11]
Upon completion of the Faisal Mosque in 1986, President Zia ul Haq requested that Ghazi take the position of the first Imam at the newly built mosque.[12] however, Ghazi declined the offer, preferring to continue his role as the Imam and Khatib of Lal Masjid, where he had already established himself as a known religious figure and had gained a strong following.[5]
Establishing Jamia Faridia
editIn 1966, He established a small seminary at Lal Masjid, in which there were about 20 to 25 students for the Hifz class. After some time a need was felt to have a bigger place for running this seminary so that a large number of students who were increasing with the passage of time could be accommodated.[1]
Hence In 1971, a place in the meadows of the Margalla Hills in the city's Prime Sector of E-7, was acquired with the help and cooperation of several of his close friends most notably Seth Haroon Jaffer (Jaffer Group of Companies), Haji Akhtar Hassan (OSD Kashmir Affairs & Finance Secretary of Azad Kashmir), and Admiral Mohammad. Shariff, NI(M), HJ (Rtd).[3]
The seminary was shifted to the present building in 1984 and was officially named "Jamia Faridia".[13]
Establishing Jamia Hafsa
editIn 1992, he laid the foundation for Jamia Syeda Hafsa, as the women's branch of Jamia Faridia. Located adjacent to the Lal Masjid near Aabpara,[14] the institution was built on 7,500 square yards of land.[15] The seminary is the largest women's madrasa in Pakistan.[16]
Soviet–Afghan War
editDuring the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), the Red Mosque played a major role in recruiting and training Mujahideen to fight alongside the Afghan Mujahideen against Soviet troops.[17]
A few months before his assassination in 1998, Ghazi and his friend and renowned scholar Maulana Zahoor Ahmad Alwi (Founder of Jamia Muhammadia) and some other scholars went to Afghanistan. He took his rebellious son especially with him and met Mullah Omar, Osama bin Laden and Ayman Al Zawahiri.[18]
Assassination and legacy
editHis biographer, Mufti Riaz Munsoor, wrote extensively about his daily routine. According to Mansoor, Ghazi had a strict schedule that he followed every day. He would walk seven kilometers from his home to his seminary, Jamia Faridia, where he would give lectures to his students. on his way back, he would stop at the Polyclinic Hospital to bless the patients and offer them words of encouragement.[3]
On the day of his assassination, Ghazi followed his routine as usual. He walked to Jamia Faridia to give his lectures and then stopped at the hospital on his way back. As he approached Lal Masjid, a man was waiting for him in the courtyard. The man greeted Ghazi and then pulled out a gun, opening fire and emptying a full magazine. Ghazi was badly injured, while the assassin escaped with the help of accomplices waiting outside in a car, Ghazi died of his injuries on the way to the same hospital, he had been aware of threats to his life, but he had always refused to have a bodyguard, saying that he would rather die alone than risk someone else's life with him.[19][6]
The President of Pakistan Rafiq Tarar expressed his sadness over the assassination in a letter, adding that "Maulana Abdullah Ghazi had spent his whole life for Islam, and kept the tradition of Ulema alive, his struggles will forever be remembered".[20]
He is buried in the courtyard of Faridia University, Islamabad. The seminary's Jamia Masjid is named after him.[6]
In his honour his hometown was also renamed "Basti-Abdullah" and a new seminary was constructed there, the town gained worldwide attention in 2007 when Abdul Rashid Ghazi was buried in the courtyard of the seminary, Abdullah Railway Station near the town is also named after him.[21]
Investigation
editDue to a lack of confidence in Pakistan's legal system, Abdul Aziz, the elder son of Ghazi, initially declined to file a First Information Report (FIR). However, his younger son, Abdul Rashid, proceeded to file the FIR, prompting a police investigation into the case. After persistent efforts, a suspect was arrested and subsequently identified by an eyewitness during an identification parade.[22]
Despite this, the suspect was inexplicably released the following day. Abdul Rashid protested the release, warning the authorities that he would pursue legal action if the suspect was not promptly re-arrested. As pressure mounted, he reportedly faced threats, including a warning to withdraw the case or risk suffering a fate similar to that of his father. According to those close to him, this experience marked a turning point in Abdul Rashid Ghazi’s life, leading to his disillusionment with the legal system.[23][24]
Memoir
editIn 2005, a memoir was published by Maktaba Faridia detailing his life under the name Hayat Shaheed E Islam (Urdu: حیات شہیدِ اسلام) Written by Mufti Riaz Munsoor.[3]
See more
editReferences
edit- Biography Book: Hayat Shaheed E Islam (Urdu: حیات شہیدِ اسلام)
- ^ a b "Lal Masjid: a history". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "تحفظ ختمِ نبوت کی تاریخ ساز تحریک". GEO TV News website. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mansoor, Riaz (2006). Hayat Shaheed E Islam (حیات شہیدِ اسلام). Maktaba Faridia. p. 57.
- ^ "Lal Masjid at 40 | Special Report | thenews.com.pk". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ a b "Lal Masjid: a history". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "شہیداسلام مولانا عبداللہ شہید شخصیت و کردار۔۔۔تحریر مولاناتنویراحمداعوان". Shaffak (in Urdu). 18 October 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ Dolnik, Adam (2015). Negotiating the Siege of the Lal Masjid. Oxford University Press. p. 53.
- ^ Khan, Zia (15 August 2010). "Crimson tide". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Mufti Khalid Mahmood (7 September 2019). "7 ستمبر 1974ء 'یومِ تحفظ ختمِ نبوت'". Jang Daily (Urdu newspaper). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ Mansoor, Riaz (2006). Hayat Shaheed E Islam (حیات شہیدِ اسلام). Maktaba Faridia. p. 236.
- ^ Mujtaba Razvi (1981). "PAK-Saudi Arabian Relations: An Example of Entente Cordiale". Pakistan Horizon. 34 (1): 81–92. JSTOR 41393647.
- ^ Talbot, Ian (1998). Pakistan, a Modern History. NY: St.Martin's Press. pp. 283. ISBN 9780312216061.
- ^ "عالم اسلام کی عظیم دینی درسگاہ جامعہ فریدیہ". Nawaiwaqt (in Urdu). 29 May 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Lal Masjid: a history". The News International. 12 July 2007. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Malik, Hasnaat (25 August 2016). "Jamia Hafsa rebuilding: Govt presents relocation agreement before SC". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ^ "Lal Masjid at 40 | Special Report | thenews.com.pk". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Profile: Islamabad's Red Mosque". 27 July 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Lal Masjid : A Brief History.
- ^ Lal Masjid : A Brief History.
- ^ الفریدیہ, جامعۃ العلوم الاسلامیہ. "تصاویر مولانا محمد عبد اللہ شہید – جامعہ فریدیہ | Jamia Faridia". تصاویر مولانا محمد عبد اللہ شہید – جامعہ فریدیہ | Jamia Faridia. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Iqbal, Nasir (12 July 2007). "Burial after arrival of relatives: SC". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ^ Paracha, Nadeem F. (3 November 2013). "Red handed". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Islamabad Red Mosque Cleric Killed" Archived 2007-07-12 at the Wayback Machine Pakistan Times, 11 July 2007, retrieved 27 July 2009
- ^ Michelle Shephard (9 July 2007), "Mosque crisis highlights Pakistan's turmoil", The Star. Retrieved 4 June 2019.