Miller & Richard was a type foundry based in Edinburgh that designed and manufactured metal type. It operated from 1809 to 1952.[1][2]
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The foundry was established by William Miller. He had been works manager of the foundry established by Alexander Wilson. Richard, his son-in-law was admitted as a partner in 1832.[3] It was based in Reikie's Court off Nicolson Street.[4]
One of the most notable sets of designs of the foundry was a "modernised old face" known as Old Style - an adaptation of the old-style serif fonts of the 1500-1800 period such as Caslon, but regularised to match the greater evenness and grace expected in fonts by the mid-nineteenth century.[5][6][a] (Bookman Old Style is an extremely distant descendant of this style.[7]) Its "Modern Face", a more geometric and 'classical' style of serif letter, was also popular and often copied.[8][9] One of its punchcutters of the period was Alexander Phemister, who would later emigrate to the United States and cut "old style" designs there.[6]
Talbot Baines Reed wrote in 1887 in his History of the Old English Letter Foundries that the foundry had also won a reputation for extremely small-size type for uses such as a French dictionary.[10] As a specimen of this it issued a printing of Gray's Elegy, a poem of around 130 lines, in two columns with each column reduced to 3.75 inches in height.[10]
The firm's work entered a decline with the arrival in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century of hot metal typesetting, by which type was not sold to printers but cast by machine new for each job, under the control of a keyboard.[4] Some of its old style and modern typefaces were imitated by Monotype, one of the major hot metal companies.[8][11][12] It was wound up in 1952.[4][13] According to James Mosley "matrices for a few types were acquired by Stephenson, Blake & Co. Ltd., Sheffield, but most of the materials appear to have been dispersed."[13]
References
edit- ^ "Typefounding". Scottish Printing Archival Trust. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "Miller & Richard". Edinburgh, City of Print. Edinburgh City Council. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ a b Bill Bell (23 November 2007). Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland, Volume 3: Ambition and Industry 1800-1880. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 26–31. ISBN 978-0-7486-2881-0.
- ^ a b c Glen, Duncan (2002). "Designs of the Best Type" (PDF). Folio (5): 10–13. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ David Finkelstein; Alistair McCleery (2007). The Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland: Professionalism and diversity 1880-2000. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 125–9. ISBN 978-0-7486-1829-3.
- ^ a b Mosley, James. "Recasting Caslon Old Face". Type Foundry. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ Alexander S. Lawson (January 1990). Anatomy of a Typeface. David R. Godine Publisher. pp. 262–9. ISBN 978-0-87923-333-4.
- ^ a b Morison, Stanley (7 June 1973). A Tally of Types. CUP Archive. pp. 10–36. ISBN 978-0-521-09786-4.
- ^ Mosley, James. "Scotch Roman". Type Foundry (blog). Retrieved 3 September 2016.
- ^ a b Reed, Talbot Baines (1887). A History of the Old Letter Foundries. London: Elliot Stock. pp. 258–264, 355–6. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ Mosley, James. "Scotch Roman". Type Foundry. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "A Monotype Timeline". Eye magazine. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ a b Mosley, James (1984). British Type Specimens before 1831: a hand-list. Oxford Bibliographical Society, Bodleian Library in association with the Dept. of Typography & Graphic Communication, University of Reading. p. 68. ISBN 9780901420114.