Moru–Madi languages

The Moru–Madi languages of the Central Sudanic language family are a cluster of closely related languages spoken in South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. Moru is spoken by 100,000 people, and Ma'di is spoken by twice that number. The most populous languages are Aringa of Uganda, with close to a million speakers, and Lugbara, with 1.6 million.

Moru–Madi
Geographic distribution	CAR, Chad, South Sudan
Linguistic classification	Nilo-Saharan? Central Sudanic Eastern Moru–Madi
Language codes
Glottolog	moru1252

Languages

The languages in this cluster are found across three countries: Uganda (Ma'di, Lugbara, Aringa, S. Ma'di); South Sudan (Aringa, Ma'di, Lolu'bo, Avukaya, Kaliko, Moru, and Logo); and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Lugbara, Avukaya, Kaliko, and Logo).

• Moru (Wa'di variety divergent)
• Avokaya
• Keliko
• Omi
• Lugbara
• Okollo–Ogoko–Rigbo
• Logo
• Aringa (Lower Lugbara)
• Ma'di (Moyo, Adjumani (Oyuwi), Pandikeri, Lokai, Burulo dialects)
• Olu'bo (Lolubo)

The name 'Madi'

The name Ma'di is used for various peoples in the region. There is a tendency, especially in the Acholi region of northern Uganda, to refer to anyone from West Nile Region as a Ma'di, even the Kakwa. The only group in this region who are never called Ma'di are the Alur.

Joseph Pasquale Crazzolara, for example, states that "all Logbara [...] agree that they are of the Ma'di nation, that they are Ma'di. They are called Ma'di by the Alur of Okooro, their immediate neighbours, in Bunyoro and Buganda." Similarly, the linguist A. N. Tucker described the neighboring Keliko people who occupy the high plateau near the Logbara, as having the "real name Ma'di". However, the Keliko regard themselves as Keliko rather than as Ma'di.

Comparative vocabulary

Sample basic vocabulary of Moru-Ma'di languages from Boone & Watson (1996):

Language	Dialect	eye	ear	nose	tooth	tongue	mouth	blood	bone	tree	water	eat	name
Moru	Kâdiro	mi	bi	kʊmvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	kari	kʊwa	cɛ	jǐ	ɔɲa	ʌvuru
Moru	Lakamadi	mi	bi	kʊmvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	kari	kʊwa	icɛ, cɛ	jǐ	ɔɲa	ʌvuru
Moru	Miza	mi	bi	kʊmvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	kari	kʊwa	icɛ, cɛ	jǐ	ɔɲa	ʌvuru
Moru	Âgyi	mi	bi	kʊmvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	kari	kʷa	icɛ	ìjí	aɲa	ru
Moru	Ândri	mi	bi	imvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	ari	fā	ifɛ	ìjí	ɔɲa	ru
Moru	'Bâri'bâ	mi	bi	imvʊ	si	laɖa	kala	ari	kʷa	ifɛ	ìjí	ɔɲa	ru
Moru	Wa'di	mi	bi	kʊmvʊ	si	laɖa	ti	kari	kʷa	cɛ	ìjí	aɲa	ru
Avokaya	Sudan	lìfí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	lànɖā	tī	àrɪ́	fà	fɛ̄	lùmvū	ɲà	rú
Avokaya	Zaïre	mǐfí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	làɖā	tī	àrɪ́	fà	fɛ̄	yǐ	ɲà	rú
Logo	Ogambi, Doka, Lolia, Obeleba, Bhagira	mì	bí	kɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	làɖā	tī	kàrɪ	fà	fā	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Logo Bari	Kanzako	mìkífí	ɓí	kɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	làɖā	tī	kàrɪ̄	fà	fɛ̄	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Logo Bari	West	mì	bí	kɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	làɖā	tī	kàrɪ̄	fà	fɛ̄	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Logo Bari	Mandra	ɲɛ̌fɪ́	ɓí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	làɖā	tī	àrɪ́	fà	fɛ̄	ɛ̀yí	ɔ̀ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Ma'di-Didi	mì, mīfí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	àɖā	tī	kàrɪ́, àrɪ̀	fà	fā, fʌ̄tī	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Southwest	mī, mīfí	bí	ɔmvɔ̄	sí	àɖā	tí	àrɪ́	fā	fɛ́	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Rapa'ba	mī	bí	ɔmvɔ̄	sí	ālāɖā	tɔ́gʊ́	àrɪ́	fà	fɛ́	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Ma'di-Dogo	mīfí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	àɖā	-	-	-	pʌ̀tì	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Southeast	mī	bí	ʊ̀mvʊ̄	sí	áɖā	tī, tí	àrɪ́	fà	peti	yǐ, ìjí	ɲā	rú
Kaliko	Omi	mǐfà	bí	ɔ̀mbɔ̄	sí	àɖā	tī	àrɪ́	fàlágɔ́	fʌ̄tī	yǐ	ɲā	rú
Okollo		mule	bí	ōmbʊ́	sí	áɖā	tílɛ́	àrɪ́	cɔ̀ɔ́	pʌ̄tí	yǐ	ɲá	rú
Ogoko		mìfī	bí	ɔ̀mvʊ̄	sí	ɪ́ɖɛ̄	tī	àrɪ́	cɔ̀kɔ́	pàtí	yǐ	ɲà	rú
Lugbara	Zaire (Lu, Zaki, Abedzu)	mìlɛ̄	bí	ɔ̀mvū	sí	aɖa	tī	àrɪ́	fàlákɔ́	pʌ̄tí	yǐ	ɲa	rú
Lugbara	Uganda (Vurra, Ayivu)	mīlɛ́	bí	ɔ̀mvʊ̄	sí	āɖɛ̄	tī	àrɪ́	fàlákɔ́	pʌ̄tí	yǐ	ɲa	rú
Maracha		mìfī	bí	ɔ̀mvʊ̄	sí	ɛ̄ɖɛ̀	tī	àrɪ́	fàlákɔ́	pʌ̀tí	yǐ	ɲá	rú
Terego		mìfī	bí	ɔ̀mvʊ̄	sí	ɛ̄ɖɛ̄	tī	àrɪ́	fàlákɔ́	pàtíkè	yǐ	ɲá	rú
Aringa		mīfí	bílé	ɔ̀mvʊ̄	sí	ɪ̀ɖā	tī	àrɪ́	ìfà	ɪ̀fɛ́	ìjí	ɲá	rú
Ma'di	Uganda	mī	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	lɛ̀ɖá	ti	àrɪ́	hʷa	kʷɛ	èyí	ɲā	rú
Ma'di	Lokai	mí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	lɛ̄dá	tí	àrɪ, ari	kʷà	kʷɛ̄	ēyí	ɲā	rú
Ma'di	Pandikeri	mí	bí	ɔ̀mvɔ̄	sí	lɛ̄dá	tí	ɛ̀rɪ	kʷà	kʷɛ̄	īyí	ɲā	rú
Lulubo		mī	bí	ɔmbɔ̄	sí	lɛ̄dā	tī	ɛ̀rɪ̄	kʷā	kʷɛ̄	īyí	ɲā	rú

References

• Nilo-Saharan list (Blench 2000)