The Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center is a government command facility located near Frogtown, Clarke County, Virginia, used as the center of operations for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Also known as the High Point Special Facility (HPSF), its preferred designation since 1991 is "SF".[1]
| Mount Weather | |
|---|---|
| State Route 601, Loudoun–Clarke counties, near Bluemont, Virginia, U.S. | |
 Mount Weather, with the Shenandoah Valley in the background | |
  Mount Weather Location in the United States  Mount Weather Location in Virginia | |
| Type | FEMA command center, permanent Executive Branch substitute |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
| Status | In service |
| Site history | |
| Built | Unknown |
| In use | 1959–present |
The facility is a major relocation site for the highest level of civilian and military officials in case of national disaster, playing a major role in continuity of government (per the U.S. Continuity of Operations Plan).[2]
Mount Weather is the location of a control station for the FEMA National Radio System (FNARS), a high frequency radio system connecting most federal public safety agencies and the U.S. military with most of the states.[3] FNARS allows the president to access the Emergency Alert System.[4]
The site was brought into the public eye in 1974 by The Washington Post and the Associated Press, which mentioned the facility following the crash of TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727 jetliner, into Mount Weather on December 1 of that year.[5][6]
Location
editLocated in the Blue Ridge Mountains,[2] access to the operations center is available via State Route 601 (also called Blueridge Mountain Road) in Bluemont, Virginia.[7] The facility is located near Purcellville, Virginia, 51 miles (82 km) west of Washington, D.C.[8]
The site was originally opened as a weather station in the late 1800s.[9] William Jackson Humphreys was selected as the supervising director for the Mount Weather Research Observatory, which was operational from 1904 to 1914. In 1928, the observatory building was the summer White House for Calvin Coolidge.[10] The site was used as a Civilian Public Service facility (Camp #114) during World War II.[11][12] At that time, there were just two permanent buildings on the site: the administration/dormitory building, and the laboratory. Those buildings still stand, supplemented by many more modern buildings.
The underground facility within Mount Weather, designated "Area B", was completed in 1959. FEMA established training facilities on the mountain's surface ("Area A") in 1979.[13]
The above-ground portion of the FEMA complex (Area A) is at least 434 acres (176 ha). This measurement includes a training area of unspecified size.[13] Area B, the underground component, contains 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2).[8]
Evacuations
editAccording to a letter to the editor of The Washington Post, after the September 11 attacks, most of the congressional leadership were evacuated to Mount Weather by helicopter.[8][14][15]
Between 1979 and 1981, the National Gallery of Art developed a program to transport valuable paintings in its collection to Mount Weather via helicopter. The success of the relocation would depend upon how far in advance warning of an attack was received.[16]
In the media
editThe first video of Mount Weather shot from the air to be broadcast on national TV was filmed by ABC News producer Bill Lichtenstein, and was included in the 1983 20/20 segment "Nuclear Preparation: Can We Survive", featuring 20/20 correspondent Tom Jarriel. Lichtenstein flew over the Mount Weather facility with an ABC camera crew. The news magazine report also included House Majority Leader Tip O'Neill and Representative Ed Markey, confirming that there were contingency plans for the relocation of the United States government in the event of a nuclear war or major disaster.
Both Mount Weather and the now deactivated bunker at The Greenbrier were featured in the A&E documentary Bunkers. The documentary, first broadcast on October 23, 2001, features interviews with engineers and political and intelligence analysts, and compared The Greenbrier and Mount Weather to Saddam Hussein's control bunker buried beneath Baghdad.
Author William Poundstone investigated Mount Weather in his 1989 book Bigger Secrets.
In popular culture
editWhile the novel Seven Days in May mentions a facility called Mount Thunder, a reference to Mount Weather, the road descriptions in the book make it quite clear that it is the same facility.[17] It is also referred to in the movie based on the book, filmed during the Kennedy Administration and released in 1964.
Mount Weather has been the setting for several apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fictional works. These include the 2002 series finale of The X-Files, the 2008 film The Day the Earth Stood Still, the novel series The 100 and it's TV adaptation CW's The 100, and Syfy's TV series Z Nation.
Mount Weather is also mentioned in the novel Memorial Day by Vince Flynn, and in the novels One Year After and The Final Day, both by William R. Forstchen.
It is also mentioned in the movie Thirteen Days, as well as CW's TV series Arrow; Season 4 Episode 22 "Lost in the Flood". It was shown in the opening scenes of the 2002 spy film, The Sum of All Fears based on the Tom Clancy novel of the same name.
It is the setting for the season 2 episode of Earth: Final Conflict titled "Message in a Bottle", and was a setting for Season 4 episode 22 of Madam Secretary, "Night Watch". It was also mentioned in William Cooper's book, Behold a Pale Horse.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Gup, Ted (June 24, 2001). "Civil Defense Doomsday Hideaway". Time. Berryville, Virginia. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
- ^ a b "Fire Departments" (PDF). The Lay of the Land: The Center for Land Use Interpretation Newsletter. Culver City, CA: The Center for Land Use Interpretation: 6–7. Spring 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
- ^ "Opportunities With OES ACS Program". OES Auxiliary Communications Service Homepage. Governor's (California, USA) Office of Emergency Services. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
- ^ Merlin, Ross Z. (2004). "Communications Systems for Public Health Contingencies" (PDF). DHS/FEMA Wireless Program Management Team. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
- ^ "Plane crash in Va. kills 92". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. December 2, 1974. p. 1.
- ^ "Mount Weather; High Point Special Facility (SF), Western Virginia Office". GlobalSecurity.org.
- ^ Bedard, Paul (December 4, 2005). "Things That Go Bump In The Night At Cheney's Cave". White House Weekly. p. 1.
- ^ a b c Schwartz, Stephen I. (August 9, 2006). "Near Washington, Preparing for the Worst". The Washington Post. p. A16.
- ^ "Mt. Weather".
- ^ Geelhart, Chris. "The Mount Weather Research Observatory". National Weather Service Heritage.
- ^ "CPS Camp # 114".
- ^ "CPS Unit Number 114-01".
- ^ a b McGrath, Gareth (January 30, 2002). "Training Site Bunker Used After Sept. 11 Terror Attacks". Morning Star. Wilmington, NC. pp. 1B, 6B.
- ^ "Mount Weather". Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). GlobalSecurity.org. April 27, 2005. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
- ^ Jeanne Meserve and Mallory Simon (November 26, 2009). "Web site posts what it says are half million text messages from 9/11". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
- ^ Gup, Ted (October 10, 1992). "Grab That Leonardo!". Time. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
- ^ Vanderbilt, Tom (August 28, 2006). "Is This Bush's Secret Bunker?". Comments and Features. The Guardian. London. p. 12. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
References
edit- Emerson, Steven (August 7, 1989). "America's Doomsday Project". U.S. News & World Report: 26–31.
- Garrett M. Graff (2017). Raven Rock: The Story of the U.S. Government's Secret Plan to Save Itself. Simon & Schuster.
- ——— (August 10, 1992). "The Doomsday Blueprints". Time. pp. 32–39.