Namie (浪江町, Namie-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2020[update] the town has a population of 1,238 in 794 households, although the official registered population was 17,114 in 6853 households. The total area of the town is 223.14 square kilometres (86.15 sq mi).[1] The town was evacuated as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster—being directly downwind from the power plant—and was within the exclusion zone set up in response to the disaster. Following ongoing clean-up efforts, Namie's business district and town hall have reopened, but access to more heavily contaminated western parts of the town remains restricted.[2]
Namie
浪江町 | |
|---|---|
 Namie Town Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Namie in Fukushima Prefecture | |
  Namie | |
| Coordinates: 37°29′40.5″N 141°00′2.6″E / 37.494583°N 141.000722°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Fukushima |
| District | Futaba |
| Area | |
• Total | 223.14 km2 (86.15 sq mi) |
| Population (February 29, 2020) | |
• Total | 1,238 |
| • Density | 5.5/km2 (14/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0243-62-0123 |
| Address | Kiyohashi Rokutanda 7-2, Namie-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima-ken 979-1592 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Common gull |
| Flower | Cosmos |
| Tree | Pine |
Geography
editNamie is located on the Pacific Ocean coastline of central Fukushima.
Surrounding municipalities
edit- Fukushima Prefecture
Climate
editNamie has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Namie is 11.2 °C (52.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,337 mm (52.6 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.5 °C (74.3 °F), and lowest in January, at around 0.2 °C (32.4 °F).[3]
| Climate data for Namie (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1976−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
37.9 (100.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.9 (10.6) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59.0 (2.32) |
45.6 (1.80) |
94.5 (3.72) |
119.6 (4.71) |
125.8 (4.95) |
156.3 (6.15) |
193.4 (7.61) |
163.4 (6.43) |
238.2 (9.38) |
225.9 (8.89) |
71.1 (2.80) |
44.2 (1.74) |
1,539.7 (60.62) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.7 | 5.0 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 12.8 | 14.3 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 9.6 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 108.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 170.5 | 171.7 | 183.0 | 186.6 | 194.3 | 145.8 | 136.7 | 164.6 | 126.8 | 137.3 | 152.6 | 159.1 | 1,926.1 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editPer Japanese census data,[6] the population of Namie was relatively constant over the past 40 years until the nuclear disaster.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 25,234 | — |
| 1970 | 21,375 | −15.3% |
| 1980 | 22,601 | +5.7% |
| 1990 | 23,515 | +4.0% |
| 2000 | 22,609 | −3.9% |
| 2010 | 20,905 | −7.5% |
| 2020 | 1,238 | −94.1% |
History
editThe area of present-day Namie was part of Mutsu Province. The remains of Kofun period burial mounds have been found in the area. During the Nara period, it was the center of ancient Futaba District within Iwaki Province During the Edo period, it was part of Sōma Domain, which was ruled by the Sōma clan until the Meiji restoration. On April 1, 1889, the village of Namie was created within Naraha District, Fukushima with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Naraha District became Futaba District in April 1896. Namie was raised to town status on March 1, 1900. The town expanded on May 1, 1956 by annexing the neighboring villages of Obori, Karino and Tsushima.
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
edit
Namie was severely affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011.[7] Besides sustaining considerable damage from the earthquake, and the tsunami (which devastated the coastal area), the entire population of the town was evacuated en masse on the morning of March 12 as it is located well within the 20-kilometre (12 mi) exclusion radius around the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. It was not searched for bodies until more than one month after the tsunami.
During the evacuation, many town residents took refuge at a community center in western Namie in the belief that seasonal winds would blow radiation from the plant in a different direction. However, a change in wind direction blew the plant's plume directly at them, heavily contaminating that part of the town. It was revealed months later that the national and prefectural governments had known about the direction of the plume due to forecasts by the SPEEDI computer system, but had decided not to tell evacuees in order to prevent a panic. Tamotsu Baba, Namie's mayor at the time, said the decision to withhold information from his town was akin to "murder."[8]
On 15 April 2012, the town of Namie asked the Japanese government for free health-care for its residents. To monitor the long-term health, the city would provide to all inhabitants health handbooks in order to keep a thorough record of all health checks and thyroid examinations. These handbooks were similar to ones used to monitor the health of the survivors of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These "hibakusha" health books were free from medical fees, and Namie asked the government to set up a similar program for the people in Namie. Of the seven other cities around the nuclear plant, Futaba town was also willing to take part in this program.[9]
In April 2012, the government of the evacuated town of Namie bought a whole-body dosimeter. The device was installed in a temporary housing in Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, in order to monitor the internal radiation exposure and the health of the citizens of Namie. Some 50 people a day could be examined, a complete screening would take two minutes per person. Initial screenings of the whole population was planned to be finished at the end of the fiscal year 2012. In this way the town government wanted to offer a long-term monitoring program to the population. Another reason for this was the excessive exposure to radiation during the first days directly after the nuclear disaster in March 2011, when predictions from SPEEDI were ignored by the Fukushima Prefectural government.[10]
On April 1, 2013, the nuclear evacuation zone in Namie was revised. Japanese authorities set three different zones according to different levels of radiation: in the first, people were free to go in and out, but not allowed to stay overnight; in the second, access was limited to short visits; and in the third area, all entry was forbidden because of elevated radiation levels that were not expected to go down within five years after the accident.[11][12]
On October 27, 2016, a brand new shopping mall, Machi Nami Marche, was opened in the town, with the intention that it would aid the return of people to the area in the event that the evacuation orders were lifted. This construction project was completed around the same time as a similar project in the nearby town of Tomioka, also within the evacuation zone.[13]
On April 1, 2017, restrictions were lifted on the first and second zones, allowing residents to return to those areas, although a poll indicated over half did not intend to do so. The areas are in the coastal portion of Namie, which holds the town centre. The majority of the town's hinterland remains in zone 3, with access completely prohibited due to high residual radiation.[14][15] On December 22, 2017, the area was listed by the national government as one of several special zones for reconstruction and revitalisation, alongside several neighbouring towns and cities in the vicinity.
Further decontamination work began in May 2018 as part of a plan to decontaminate 660 hectares by March 2023. This is 3.7% of the area where entry is prohibited.[16]
On October 3, 2020, it was announced that Ukedo Elementary School, one of the town's six elementary schools, was to be preserved as a museum and memorial to the events of the earthquake and tsunami. Though the building was in the direct path of the surging waters, prompt action by the school's faculty ensured that there were no casualties, with all 96 students and staff inside the school at the time of the disaster successfully escaping to higher ground.[17]
2016 earthquake
editA 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Namie in the early morning hours of November 22, 2016.[18] A tsunami warning was issued indicating waves of up to three meters.[19]
Economy
editThe economy of Namie was dependent on commercial fishing, agriculture and food processing.
On 7 March 2020, the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R), a 10MW-class hydrogen production unit, was inaugurated in Namie.[20] The site occupies 180,000 square meters of land, much of which is occupied by a solar array; but power from the grid is also used to conduct electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen fuel.[21]
Education
editNamie had six public elementary schools and three public junior high schools operated by the town government, and two public high schools operated by the Fukushima Prefectural Board of Education. All schools were closed after the nuclear disaster. As of 2019, six pupils were enrolled at a new elementary school.[22]
Transportation
editRailway
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East Japan Railway Company (JR East) -Jōban Line
Highway
edit
Jōban Expressway - Namie Interchange
National Route 6
National Route 114
National Route 259
National Route 399
Local attractions
edit- Sōma ware ceramics
Sister cities
edit
Xinghua, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,[23]
Dipolog, Philippines- Dapitan, Philippines
- Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines
Lancaster, California, United States
References
edit- ^ "Namie official home page" (in Japanese). Japan: Namie Town.
- ^ "すぐわかる浪江町の現状 (The Current Situation in Namie)" (in Japanese). Japan: Namie Town. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
- ^ Namie climate data
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- ^ Namie population statistics
- ^ Kyodo News, "Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi", Japan Times, 14 March 2011, p. 1.
- ^ Norimitsu Onishi and Martin Fackler (August 8, 2011). "Japan Held Nuclear Data, Leaving Evacuees in Peril". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ The Japan Times (15 April 2012) Namie to seek medical fee exemption for all residents
- ^ The Mainichi Shimbun (26 April 2012) Evacuated Fukushima town sets up whole-body dosimeter at temporary housing complex Archived 2012-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hongo, Jun "Fukushima debris disposal falling short", The Japan Times, May 7, 2013.
- ^ Martin Fackler (October 1, 2013). "Namie Journal: Japan's Nuclear Refugees, Still Stuck in Limbo". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ "Transition of evacuation designated zones - 福島県ホームページ". www.pref.fukushima.lg.jp. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
- ^ Pearce, Fred (27 March 2017). "A nuclear ghost town in Japan welcomes back residents this week". New Scientist. New Scientist Ltd. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- ^ Kiyoshi Takenaka and Teppei Kasai (8 March 2017). "Six years after Fukushima nuclear disaster, residents trickle back to deserted towns". Reuters.
- ^ "Nuclear cleanup of Fukushima town to start around May". The Japan Times. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- ^ "Tsunami-hit school to be preserved as a cautionary tale | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ "M6.9 - 37km ESE of Namie, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
- ^ "Magnitude-6.9 Earthquake Hits Off Japan Coast; Tsunami Wave Spotted, Public Urged to Evacuate". KTLA. November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
- ^ "Opening Ceremony of Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) Held with Prime Minister Abe and METI Minister Kajiyama". METI News Releases. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. March 9, 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "The world´s largest-class hydrogen production, Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) now is completed at Namie town in Fukushima". Toshiba Energy Press Releases. Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corporations. 7 March 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ Denyer, Simon (3 February 2019). "Near site of Fukushima nuclear disaster, a shattered town and scattered lives". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ "International Exchange". List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Retrieved 2 November 2017.
External links
edit
- Official Website (in Japanese)