PLCG2

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCG2 gene.

PLCG2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2K2J, 2W2W, 2W2X
Identifiers
Aliases	PLCG2, APLAID, FCAS3, PLC-IV, PLC-gamma-2, phospholipase C gamma 2
External IDs	OMIM: 600220; MGI: 97616; HomoloGene: 55671; GeneCards: PLCG2; OMA:PLCG2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human) Band 16q23.3 Start 81,739,097 bp End 81,962,685 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse) Band 8 E1|8 64.26 cM Start 118,225,030 bp End 118,361,881 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in glomerulus bone marrow cells blood metanephric glomerulus epithelium of nasopharynx spleen granulocyte endothelial cell appendix kidney tubule Top expressed in basilar part of occipital bone granulocyte tibiofemoral joint mesenteric lymph nodes spleen bone marrow blood sphenoid bone external carotid artery internal carotid artery More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signal transducer activity protein binding phosphoric diester hydrolase activity phospholipase C activity hydrolase activity phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity phosphotyrosine residue binding Cellular component cytosol plasma membrane extracellular exosome Biological process B cell receptor signaling pathway release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol intracellular signal transduction inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis positive regulation of receptor internalization lipid metabolism stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway inositol phosphate metabolic process Wnt signaling pathway platelet activation Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway lipid catabolic process follicular B cell differentiation response to lipopolysaccharide phospholipid catabolic process regulation of gene expression phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process negative regulation of programmed cell death B cell differentiation T cell receptor signaling pathway activation of store-operated calcium channel activity positive regulation of type I interferon production calcium-mediated signaling signal transduction phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5336 234779 Ensembl ENSG00000197943 ENSMUSG00000034330 UniProt P16885 Q8CIH5 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002661 NM_172285 RefSeq (protein) NP_002652 NP_758489 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 81.74 – 81.96 Mb Chr 8: 118.23 – 118.36 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

From OMIM as of March 24, 2020:

Enzymes of the phospholipase C family catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield diacylglycerols and water-soluble phosphorylated derivatives of the lipid head groups. A number of these enzymes have specificity for phosphoinositides. Of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes, C-beta is regulated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, while the closely related C-gamma-1 (PLCG1; MIM 172420) and C-gamma-2 enzymes are controlled by receptor tyrosine kinases. The C-gamma-1 and C-gamma-2 enzymes are composed of phospholipase domains that flank regions of homology to noncatalytic domains of the SRC oncogene product, SH2 and SH3.

Interactions

PLCG2 has been shown to interact with:

• Bruton's tyrosine kinase,
• GAB2,
• LYN,
• PTPN11, and
• SHC1

Further reading

• Fruman DA, Satterthwaite AB, Witte ON (2000). "Xid-like phenotypes: a B cell signalosome takes shape". Immunity. 13 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00002-9. PMID 10933389.
• Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, Idziorek T, Autran B, Bismuth G (1990). "Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (6): 2117–24. doi:10.1172/JCI114950. PMC 329852. PMID 1979339.
• Ohta S, Matsui A, Nazawa Y, Kagawa Y (1988). "Complete cDNA encoding a putative phospholipase C from transformed human lymphocytes". FEBS Lett. 242 (1): 31–5. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80979-7. PMID 2849563. S2CID 20986590.
• Yan W, Ratnam M (1995). "Preferred sites of glycosylphosphatidylinositol modification in folate receptors and constraints in the primary structure of the hydrophobic portion of the signal". Biochemistry. 34 (44): 14594–600. doi:10.1021/bi00044a039. PMID 7578066.
• Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, Bassini A, Falcieri E, Gibellini D, Bertolaso L, Bosco D, Robuffo I, Capitani S (1995). "Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (9): 2695–700. doi:10.1002/eji.1830250944. PMID 7589147. S2CID 20562627.
• Liao F, Shin HS, Rhee SG (1993). "In vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 & PLC-gamma 2 by src-family protein tyrosine kinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191 (3): 1028–1033. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1320. PMC 298050. PMID 7682059.
• Daniel JL, Dangelmaier C, Smith JB (1994). "Evidence for a role for tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C gamma 2 in collagen-induced platelet cytosolic calcium mobilization". Biochem. J. 302 (2): 617–22. doi:10.1042/bj3020617. PMC 1137272. PMID 8093016.
• Obermeier A, Lammers R, Wiesmüller KH, Jung G, Schlessinger J, Ullrich A (1993). "Identification of Trk binding sites for SHC and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and formation of a multimeric signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (31): 22963–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49410-6. PMID 8226808.
• Pleiman CM, Clark MR, Gauen LK, Winitz S, Coggeshall KM, Johnson GL, Shaw AS, Cambier JC (1993). "Mapping of sites on the Src family protein tyrosine kinases p55blk, p59fyn, and p56lyn which interact with the effector molecules phospholipase C-gamma 2, microtubule-associated protein kinase, GTPase-activating protein, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (9): 5877–87. doi:10.1128/MCB.13.9.5877. PMC 360336. PMID 8395016.
• Sidorenko SP, Law CL, Klaus SJ, Chandran KA, Takata M, Kurosaki T, Clark EA (1996). "Protein kinase C mu (PKC mu) associates with the B cell antigen receptor complex and regulates lymphocyte signaling". Immunity. 5 (4): 353–63. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80261-7. PMID 8885868.
• Kang JS, Kohlhuber F, Hug H, Marmé D, Eick D, Ueffing M (1996). "Cloning and functional analysis of the hematopoietic cell-specific phospholipase C(gamma)2 promoter". FEBS Lett. 399 (1–2): 14–20. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01276-8. PMID 8980110. S2CID 85872860.
• Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A (1997). "The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (36): 22385–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385. PMID 9278385.
• Cunningham SA, Arrate MP, Brock TA, Waxham MN (1997). "Interactions of FLT-1 and KDR with phospholipase C gamma: identification of the phosphotyrosine binding sites". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240 (3): 635–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7719. PMID 9398617.
• Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C (1998). "HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease". Neuroimmunomodulation. 5 (3–4): 184–92. doi:10.1159/000026336. PMID 9730685. S2CID 19529677.
• Bai RY, Dieter P, Peschel C, Morris SW, Duyster J (1998). "Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase of large-cell anaplastic lymphoma is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that utilizes phospholipase C-gamma to mediate its mitogenicity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (12): 6951–61. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.12.6951. PMC 109278. PMID 9819383.
• Tomassetti A, Bottero F, Mazzi M, Miotti S, Colnaghi MI, Canevari S (1999). "Molecular requirements for attachment of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to the human alpha folate receptor". J. Cell. Biochem. 72 (1): 111–8. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990101)72:1<111::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 10025672. S2CID 23174724.
• Shen Z, Batzer A, Koehler JA, Polakis P, Schlessinger J, Lydon NB, Moran MF (1999). "Evidence for SH3 domain directed binding and phosphorylation of Sam68 by Src". Oncogene. 18 (33): 4647–53. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203079. PMID 10467411. S2CID 19801963.
• Gross BS, Melford SK, Watson SP (1999). "Evidence that phospholipase C-gamma2 interacts with SLP-76, Syk, Lyn, LAT and the Fc receptor gamma-chain after stimulation of the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI in human platelets". Eur. J. Biochem. 263 (3): 612–23. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00560.x. PMID 10469124.
• Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD (1999). "Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat". J. Neurochem. 73 (4): 1363–74. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x. PMID 10501179. S2CID 25410140.