Wikipedia

Liberty Korea Party

(Redirected from Saenuri)
"Hannara" redirects here. For the political party briefly using this name in 2012, see Hannara Party (2012). For the genus of moths, see Hannara (moth).
Not to be confused with Saenuri Party (2017), which uses the former name (2012–2017) of Liberty Korea Party.

The Liberty Korea Party (Korean: 자유한국당) was a conservative[3][4][5] political party in South Korea that was described variously as right-wing,[11][12] right-wing populist,[7] or far-right.[14] Until February 2017, it was known as the Saenuri Party (새누리당; lit. New Frontier Party), and before that as the Hannara Party (한나라당; also called Grand National Party; GNP) from 1997 to 2012, both of which are still colloquially used to refer to the party. The party formerly held a plurality of seats in the 20th Assembly before its ruling status was transferred to the Democratic Party of Korea on 27 December 2016, following the creation of the splinter Bareun Party by former Saenuri members who distanced themselves from President Park Geun-hye in the 2016 South Korean political scandal.

Liberty Korea Party
자유한국당
自由韓國黨
Founded
  • November 21, 1997 (1997-11-21) (as Grand National Party)
  • February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02) (as Saenuri Party)
  • February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13) (as Liberty Korea Party)
DissolvedFebruary 17, 2020 (2020-02-17)
Merger of
Preceded by
Succeeded byPeople Power Party
Headquarters18, Gukhoe-daero 70-gil
Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul
149-871
Membership (2018)Approximately 3,500,000[1]
Ideology
Political position
Regional affiliationAsia Pacific Democrat Union
International affiliationInternational Democrat Union
Colours
  •   Blue[a]
  •   Sky blue[b]
  •   Red[c]
  •   Red[d]
SloganTogether, into the future
Liberty Korea Party (2017–2020)
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJayuhangukdang
McCune–ReischauerChayuhan'guktang
Saenuri Party (2012–2017)
Hangul
Hanja
새누리黨
Revised RomanizationSaenuridang
McCune–ReischauerSaenuridang
Grand National Party (1997–2012)
Hangul
Hanja
한나라黨
Revised RomanizationHannaradang
McCune–ReischauerHannaradang

In February 2020, the Liberty Korea Party merged with Onward for Future 4.0 and the New Conservative Party, launching the United Future Party to contest the 2020 South Korean legislative election.

History

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1997: Foundation of Grand National Party

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The party was founded in 1997, when the United Democratic Party and New Korea Party merged.

Its earliest ancestor was the Democratic Republican Party[18] under the authoritarian rule of Park Chung Hee in 1963. On Park's death, and at the beginning of the rule of Chun Doo-hwan in 1980, it was reconstituted and renamed as the Democratic Justice Party. In 1988, party member Roh Tae-woo introduced a wide range of political reforms including direct presidential elections and a new constitution.

The party was renamed in 1993, during the presidency of Kim Young-sam,[19] with the merger of other parties to form the Democratic Liberal Party (Minju Jayudang). It was renamed as the New Korea Party (Sinhangukdang) in 1995, and it then became the Grand National Party in November 1997 following its merger with the smaller United Democratic Party and various conservative parties.[20]

1998–2007: Lost ten years

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Logo of Grand National Party (1997–2004)

Three months later, in 1998, with the election of Kim Dae-jung of the National Congress for New Politics as president, the conservative party's governing role came to an end, and it began its first ever period in opposition, which would last ten years. In October 2012, the Advancement Unification Party merged with the Saenuri Party.[21]

Following the 2000 parliamentary elections, it was the single largest political party, with 54% of the vote and 133 seats out of 271. The party continued to control the National Assembly.

 
Logo of Grand National Party (2004–2012)

The party was defeated in the parliamentary election in 2004 following the attempted impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun, gaining only 121 seats out of 299. The party's defeat reflected public disapproval of the attempted impeachment, which was instigated by the party. This was the first time in its history the party had not won the most seats. It gained back five seats in by-elections, bringing it to 127 seats as of 28 October 2005.[22]

2008–2012: Recovering position of the ruling party and Lee Myung-bak government

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On 19 December 2007, the GNP's candidate, former Seoul mayor Lee Myung-bak won the presidential election,[23] ending the party's ten-year period in opposition.

In the April 2008 general election, the GNP secured a majority of 153 seats out of 299 and gained power in the administration and the parliament as well as most local governments, despite low voter turnout.[24]

One of the main bases of popular support of the party originates from the conservative, traditionalist elite and the rural population, except for farmers. It is strongest in the Gyeongsang Province region. Former party head, and 2007 presidential candidate, Park Geun-hye is the daughter of former President Park Chung Hee who ruled from 1961 to 1979. Although Representative Won Hee-ryeong and Hong Jun-pyo ran for the party primary as reformist candidates, former Seoul mayor and official presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak gained more support (about 40%) from the Korean public.

The GNP suffered a setback in the 2010 local elections, losing a total of 775 local seats throughout the counties,[25] but remained with the most seats in the region.

GNP-affiliated politician, Oh Se-hoon, lost his mayoral position in Seoul after the Seoul Free Lunch Referendum.

The Grand National Party celebrated its 14th anniversary on 21 November 2011, amid uncertainties from intra-party crises.[26]

The DDoS attacks during the October 2011 by-election have become a central concern of the GNP as it could potentially disintegrate the party leadership.[27]

2012–2016: Renaming to Saenuri Party and Park Geun-hye government

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Emergency Response Commission

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The Hong Jun-pyo leadership system collapsed on 9 December 2011, and the GNP Emergency Response Commission was launched on 17 December 2011, with Park Geun-hye as commission chairperson, to prepare for the forthcoming Legislative Election 2012 on 11 April 2012, and the Presidential Election 2012 on 19 December 2012.[28]

There was a debate with Commission members about whether to transform the Grand National Party into a non-conservative political party or not, but Park said the GNP would never become non-conservative and will follow the real values of conservatism.[29][30]

2016–2019: 2016 South Korean political scandal and impeachment

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See also: 2016 South Korean political scandal

The party's leader and South Korean President Park Geun-hye was impeached and convicted for her role in a corruption scandal.[31]

Dissolution

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The Liberty Korea Party merged with Onward for Future 4.0 and the New Conservative Party on 17 February, launching the United Future Party in time for the upcoming 2020 South Korean legislative election.[32]

Official color

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In February 2012, the party changed its political official color from blue to red. This was a change from the previous 30 years where blue was usually the symbol of the conservative parties.[33]

Ideology and policies

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Headquarters of the Liberty Korea Party

The party supports free trade and neoliberal economic policies. It favors maintaining strong cooperation with the United States and Japan, and also believes that each Korean first level province needs to have a sustainable economy.[34] The party is also conservative on social issues such as opposition to legal recognition of same-sex couples. The party supports equality between man and woman, as quoted, "and ensure that both men and women are equally guaranteed opportunities"[34]

Four major rivers project

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One of the party's important policies is to financially secure The Four Major Rivers Project since President Lee Myung-bak was in office. This project's budget disputes have sparked controversial political motions in the National Assembly for three consecutive years.[35]

Sejong City project

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The party has been less inclined toward the creation of a new capital city for South Korea, to be called Sejong City than the previous administration. As of 2012, the Saenuri Party has indicated that some governmental offices will be relocated to the new city, but not all.[citation needed]

Human rights activism

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The party has been very active in promoting the North Korean Human Rights Law, which would officially condemn the use of torture, public executions and other human rights violations in North Korea.[36]

Party representative Ha Tae Kyung is the founder of Open Radio for North Korea, an NGO dedicated to spreading news and information about democracy, to which citizens of North Korea have little access due to their government's isolationist policies.[37] In April 2012, Saenuri member Cho Myung-Chul became the first North Korean defector elected to the National Assembly.[38] In spring 2012, several Saenuri representatives took part in the Save My Friend protests, organized to oppose China's policy of repatriating North Korean defectors, and expressed their solidarity with Park Sun-young's hunger strike.[39]

Controversy

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Online sockpuppetry

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The party has records of secretly hiring and paying university students to generate online replies favorable to the GNP.[40] GNP member Jin Seong-ho (진성호) formally apologized on 2 July 2009, for making a remark that "the GNP occupied Naver,"[41] one of the biggest South Korean internet portals.

8 December 2010, controversial bill-passing

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The party passed a bill relating to the year 2011 national budget without the opposition parties' input on 8 December 2010.[42] It had caused legislative violence before. This process of passing the budget bill sparked controversy over potential illegality. Due to this incident, many South Korean political, academic and citizen groups expressed their outrage against current mainstream politics.[43] The reason for forceful passing of the bill was due mainly to the budget disputes over the controversial Four Major Rivers Project.[44] Many Buddhists in South Korea criticized the budget bill for neglecting the national Temple Stay program.[45] This has led the Jogye Order, the largest Buddhist order in South Korea, to sever ties with the GNP[46] and becoming financially independent without any funding from the government.[47] The interns and the staff working in the National Assembly officially complained on 17 December that their salary was unpaid after the passing of this bill.[48]

Views of Individual Party Members

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Certain members of the Liberty Korea Party have faced criticism for expressing anti-refugee,[49] homophobic views[50][51] and advocacy of authoritarian rules of the October Restoration.[52]

List of leaders

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Chairpersons

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  • Note
  • ERC - as head of Emergency Response Committee
  • * - as the de facto head of party
No. Term Name Term of office Election results
Took office Left office
1 1 Lee Han-dong 21 November 1997 10 April 1998 Appointed
* 2 Cho Soon* 10 April 1998 5 August 1998 No election
— — Lee Han-dong 5 August 1998 31 August 1998 Acting
* 3 Lee Hoi-chang* 31 August 1998 22 May 2000 see 1998 election
— — Seo Cheong-won 22 May 2000 30 May 2000 Acting
* 4 Lee Hoi-chang* 30 May 2000 2 April 2002 see 2000 election
— — Park Kwan-yong 2 April 2002 14 May 2002 Acting
2 5 Seo Cheong-won 14 May 2002 30 January 2003 see 2002 election
— — Park Hee-tae 30 January 2003 26 June 2003 Acting
3 6 Choi Byeong-yul 26 June 2003 23 March 2004 see 2003 election
4 7 Park Geun-hye 23 March 2004 5 July 2004 see March 2004 election
— — Kim Deok-ryong 5 July 2004 19 July 2004 Acting
(4) 8 Park Geun-hye 19 July 2004 15 June 2006 see July 2004 election
— — Kim Yeong-seon 15 June 2006 10 July 2006 Acting
5 9 Kang Jae-sup 11 July 2006 4 July 2008 see 2006 election
6 10 Park Hee-tae 4 July 2008 7 September 2009 see 2008 election
7 11 Chung Mong-joon 7 September 2009 4 June 2010 No election
— — Kim Moo-sungERC 4 June 2010 14 July 2010 Appointed
8 12 Ahn Sang-soo 14 July 2010 9 May 2011 see 2010 election
— — Jeong Ui-hwaERC 9 May 2011 4 July 2011 Appointed
9 13 Hong Jun-pyo 4 July 2011 9 December 2011 see 2011 election
— — Na Kyung-won 9 December 2011 12 December 2011 Acting
— — Hwang Woo-yea 12 December 2011 19 December 2011 Acting
— — Park Geun-hyeERC 19 December 2011 15 May 2012 Appointed
10 14 Hwang Woo-yea 15 May 2012 15 May 2014 see 2012 election
— — Lee Wan-kooERC 15 May 2014 14 July 2014 Appointed
11 15 Kim Moo-sung 14 July 2014 14 April 2016 see 2014 election
— — Won Yoo-chul 14 April 2016 11 May 2016 Acting
— — Chung Jin-suk 11 May 2016 2 June 2016 Acting
— — Kim Hee-okERC 2 June 2016 9 August 2016 Appointed
12 16 Lee Jung-hyun 9 August 2016 16 December 2016 see 2016 election
— — Chung Woo-taik 16 December 2016 29 December 2016 Acting
— — In Myung-jinERC 29 December 2016 1 April 2017 Appointed
— — Chung Woo-taik 1 April 2017 3 July 2017 Acting
13 17 Hong Jun-pyo 3 July 2017 14 June 2018 see 2017 election
— — Kim Sung-tae 14 June 2018 17 July 2018 Acting
— — Kim Byong-joonERC 17 July 2018 27 February 2019 Appointed
14 18 Hwang Kyo-ahn 27 February 2019 17 February 2020 see 2019 election

Assembly leaders (Floor leaders)

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No. Name Term of office
Took office Left office
1 Mok Yo-sang 21 November 1997 16 December 1997
2 Lee Sang-deuk 16 December 1997 5 April 1998
3 Ha Soon-bong 5 April 1998 27 August 1998
4 Park Hee-tae 27 August 1998 14 January 1999
5 Lee Boo-young 14 January 1999 1 June 2000
6 Jung Chang-hwa 1 June 2000 13 May 2001
7 Lee Jae-oh 13 May 2001 16 May 2002
8 Lee Kyu-taek 16 May 2002 29 June 2003
9 Hong Sa-duk 29 June 2003 18 May 2004
10 Kim Duk-ryong 18 May 2004 4 March 2005
11 Kang Jae-sup 4 March 2005 11 January 2006
12 Lee Jae-oh 11 January 2006 12 July 2006
13 Kim Hyun-goh 12 July 2006 26 August 2007
14 Ahn Sang-soo 26 August 2007 17 May 2008
15 Hong Jun-pyo 17 May 2008 20 May 2009
(14) Ahn Sang-soo 20 May 2009 3 May 2010
16 Kim Moo-sung 3 May 2010 5 May 2011
17 Hwang Woo-yea 5 May 2011 8 May 2012
18 Lee Hahn-koo 8 May 2012 14 May 2013
19 Choi Kyoung-hwan 15 May 2013 7 May 2014
20 Lee Wan-koo 7 May 2014 25 January 2015
21 Yoo Seong-min 1 February 2015 8 July 2015
22 Won Yoo-chul 14 July 2015 3 May 2016
23 Chung Jin-suk 3 May 2016 12 December 2016
24 Chung Woo-taik 16 December 2016 11 December 2017
25 Kim Sung-tae 11 December 2017 11 December 2018
26 Na Kyung-won 11 December 2018 9 December 2019
27 Shim Jae-chul 9 December 2019 17 February 2020

Election results

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President

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Election Candidate Votes % Result
1997 Lee Hoi-chang 9,935,718 38.75 Not elected
2002 11,443,297 46.59 Not elected
2007 Lee Myung-bak 11,492,389 48.67 Elected
2012 Park Geun-hye 15,773,128 51.56 Elected
2017 Hong Jun-pyo 7,841,017 24.04 Not elected

Legislature

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Election Leader Constituency Party list Seats Position Status
Votes % Seats +/- Votes % Seats +/- No. +/–
2000 Lee Hoi-chang 7,365,359 38.96
112 / 227
 new
21 / 46
 new
133 / 273
 new 1st Opposition
2004 Park Geun-hye 8,083,609 37.9
100 / 243
   12 7,613,660 35.77
21 / 56
  
121 / 299
   12 2nd Opposition
2008 Kang Jae-seop 7,478,776 43.45
131 / 245
   31 6,421,727 37.48
22 / 54
   1
153 / 299
   32 1st Government
2012 Park Geun-hye 9,324,911 43.28
127 / 246
   4 9,130,651 42.8
25 / 54
   3
152 / 300
   1 1st Government
2016 Kim Moo-sung 9,200,690 38.33
105 / 253
   22 7,960,272 33.5
17 / 47
   8
122 / 300
   30 2nd Government

Local

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Election Leader Metropolitan mayor/Governor Provincial legislature Municipal mayor Municipal legislature
1998 Cho Soon
6 / 16
224 / 616
74 / 232
2002 Seo Cheong-won
11 / 16
467 / 682
136 / 227
2006 Park Geun-hye
12 / 16
557 / 733
155 / 230
1,621 / 2,888
2010 Chung Mong-joon
6 / 16
288 / 761
82 / 228
1,247 / 2,888
2014 Lee Wan-koo
8 / 17
416 / 789
117 / 226
1,413 / 2,898
2018 Hong Jun-pyo
2 / 17
137 / 824
53 / 226
1,009 / 2,927

Party splits

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ as Grand National Party (1997–2004)
  2. ^ as Grand National Party (2004–2012)
  3. ^ as Saenuri Party
  4. ^ as Liberty Korea Party

References

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  3. ^ a b Manyin, Mark E. (2010), U.S.-South Korea Relations, Congressional Research Service, p. 26, ISBN 9781437944167
  4. ^ a b Shin, Gi-Wook (2010), One Alliance, Two Lenses: U.S.-Korea Relations in a New Era, Stanford University Press, p. 208, ISBN 9780804763691
  5. ^ a b Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2010), A Brief History of Korea, Facts On File, p. 242, ISBN 9781438127385
  6. ^ Kang, Jin-Kyu (26 April 2017). "Gay rights get a negative spin at fourth presidential debate". Korea JoongAng Daily.
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  8. ^ Cho Soon-hyun. "Speak roughly, populist Hong Joon Pyo". InjuryTime. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
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  23. ^ [1] Archived 12 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
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  28. ^ Kim, Eun-jung (19 December 2011). "Park Geun-hye takes helms of struggling ruling party". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  29. ^ Kim, Eun-jung (5 January 2012). "Ruling party considers shifting away from core conservative values". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
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  38. ^ Paula Hancocks, CNN (11 April 2012). "North Korean defector stands for South Korean election". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  39. ^ [2] [dead link‍]
  40. ^ "̵ : ü 巯 ѳ ˹" (in Korean). Media Today. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  41. ^ 진성호 의원 '네이버 평정 발언' 공개 사과. Pressian. 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  42. ^ 한나라당 새해 예산안 단독처리...野 날치기 강력 항의 - 노컷뉴스. Cbs.co.kr. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  43. ^ "<'난장판 국회' 재연에 각계 분노·비난 폭발>" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 8 December 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  44. ^ MoneyToday (8 December 2010). ""ȥ " ó". Money Today [ko]. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  45. ^ "ѱ̴!". News.hankooki.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  46. ^ "ο ̻ ȭ ʿ١". Kyunghyang Shinmun. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  47. ^ 조계종 "템플스테이 예산 요구않고 자립"(종합). Yonhap News Agency. 17 December 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012.
  48. ^ '이럴려고 몸싸움했나'...국회 보좌진 인턴 수당도 날아가 - 노컷뉴스. No Cut News. 18 December 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  49. ^ "Kimn Jin-tae "People who applied refugee status should be ousted by force."". News1. 11 July 2018.
  50. ^ "LKP's Homophobia(In Korean)". Hankook Ilbo. 24 May 2019.
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  52. ^ "Na Kyung-won's comment about good dictatorship and bad dictatorship". JTBC. 3 May 2019.
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