Senigallia (or Sinigaglia in Old Italian; Romagnol: S'nigaja) is a comune (municipality) and port town on Italy's Adriatic coast. It is situated in the province of Ancona, in the Italian region of Marche, and lies approximately 30 kilometers north-west of the provincial capital city Ancona. Senigallia's small port is located at the mouth of the River Misa. It is one of the endpoints of the Massa–Senigallia Line, one of the most important dividing lines (isoglosses) in the classification of the Romance languages.
Senigallia | |
|---|---|
| Città di Senigallia | |
 Top left: Annonario Square; top centre: Rocca Roveresca Fortress; top right: night view of Piazzale della Libertà waterfront area; middle left: Chiostro delle Grazie; middle right: Rotonda a Mare; bottom left: view of the sunset in Spiaggia Velluto Beach; bottom centre: view of the town from Scapezzano Hill; bottom right: Portici Ercolani | |
 Coat of arms | |
.svg) Senigallia within the Province of Ancona | |
Location of Senigallia  | |
  Senigallia Location of Senigallia in Italy  Senigallia Senigallia (Marche) | |
| Coordinates: 43°43′N 13°13′E / 43.717°N 13.217°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Marche |
| Province | Ancona (AN) |
| Frazioni | see list |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Massimo Olivetti (Centre-right coalition) |
| Area | |
• Total | 115 km2 (44 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (30 November 2017)[2] | |
• Total | 44,632 |
| • Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Senigalliesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 60019 |
| Dialing code | 071 |
| Patron saint | St. Paulinus |
| Saint day | May 4 |
| Website | Official website |
History
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2024) |
Senigallia was first settled in the 4th century BC by the Gallic Senone tribe, who had settled the coastal area.[citation needed] In 284 BC, the area and the settlement were taken over by Romans, who established the colony Sena Gallica there to control the region they called the Ager Gallicus. "Sena" is probably a corrupted form of "Senones" and "Gallica" (meaning "Gaulish") distinguished it from Saena (Siena) in Etruria.
In the prelude to the Battle of the Metaurus between Romans and Carthaginians in 207 BC, Sena Gallica was the southernmost point of Carthaginian General Hasdrubal Barca's invasion of Italy.[citation needed] Senigallia was ravaged by Alaric during the decline of the Roman Empire and fortified when it became part of the Byzantine Empire. It was again laid waste by the Lombards in the 8th century and by the Saracens in the 9th.[citation needed] It was one of the five cities of the medieval Adriatic duchy of Pentapolis.
The diocese and the bishopric had long been established, and the city saw economic development, including the establishment of the so-called Magdalena Fair around the 13th century.[citation needed] The fair's popularity grew when Sergius, count of Senigallia, became engaged to the daughter of the count of Marseilles. On his engagement, the count of Marseilles presented Sergius with relics, said to be of Mary Magdalene. The fair was visited by merchants from both Europe and the Levant.[citation needed]
In the 15th century, Senigallia was captured and recaptured many times by opposing sides during the Guelph and Ghibelline war. Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta of Rimini fortified the town in the years 1450–1455. Pope Pius II made his nephew Antonio Piccolomini Lord of Senigallia in [?], but in 1464 the residents pledged loyalty to Pope Paul II. In 1472, Giacomo Piccolomini tried, but failed, to seize the town. In 1503 Cesare Borgia, the brother of the famous Lucrezia Borgia and illegitimate son of the Pope Alexander VI, carried out a coup at Senigallia against some of his disloyal supporters. Pope Sixtus IV assigned the lordship to the Della Rovere family. In 1516, this was temporarily revoked by Pope Leo X, who transferred the Lordship to his nephew Lorenzo II de' Medici, then again the Della Rovere family took over from 1624, when Senigallia eventually was annexed to the Papal States' legation (province) of Urbino.
Senigallia is the birthplace of Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Pope Pius IX. He was born here in 1792, became pope in 1846, and was the last pope to rule the Papal States before Italian unification.
During the First World War, the town and its port were devastated by intensive shelling by units of the Austro-Hungarian Navy led by the battleship SMS Zrínyi.[3] The town was also badly damaged by a powerful earthquake in 1930 and during the Second World War.
Geography
editThe municipality borders Belvedere Ostrense, Mondolfo (PU), Monte San Vito, Montemarciano, Morro d'Alba, Ostra and Trecastelli.[4]
The municipality includes the hamlets (frazioni) of Bettolelle, Borgo Bicchia, Borgo Catena, Borgo Passera, Brugnetto, Cannella, Castellaro, Cesanella, Cesano, Ciarnin, Filetto, Gabriella, Grottino, Mandriola, Marzocca, Montignano, Roncitelli, Sant'Angelo, San Silvestro, Scapezzano and Vallone.
Main sights
editThough traces of the city's history are still visible, much of today's city is modern. Visitor attractions include:
- Palazzo Comunale, from the 17th century
- Rocca Roveresca – castle of Gothic origins, restored by Baccio Pontelli in 1492. It has a square plan with four large round tower.
- The Cathedral, erected after 1787
- Santa Maria delle Grazie – one of the only two churches attributed to Baccio Pontelli (the other is at Orciano, near Mondavio, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) to the west by road). It contains a museum of the mezzadria agrarian life typical of the area, with farm tools, dresses, photos, etc. It once housed the painting of Madonna di Senigallia by Piero della Francesca.
- Chiesa della Croce
- Rotonda a mare, an art nouveau pier
International relations
editTwin towns — sister cities
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ Noppen, Ryan, Austro-Hungarian Battleships 1914-18, Osprey, Oxford UK, 2012, p.32-3. ISBN 978-184908-688-2.
- ^ 42536 Senigallia on OpenStreetMap
- ^ "Città gemellate". comune.senigallia.an.it (in Italian). Senigallia. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
Sources
edit- GIORGI E., LEPORE G., 2010 (a cura di), Archeologia nella valle del Cesano tra Suasa e Santa Maria in Portuno (1996-2001), Atti delle giornate di studio in occasione dei Venti anni di ricerche archeologiche dell’Università di Bologna nella Valle del Cesano (Castelleone di Suasa, Corinaldo 18 dicembre 2008, San Lorenzo in Campo, 19 dicembre 2008), Bologna.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Senigallia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 644.
External links
edit
- Official website Archived 1998-11-11 at the Wayback Machine v
- Senigallia In a Nutshell: An Illustrated Guidebook to Senigallia Archived 2013-02-23 at archive.today
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sinigaglia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.