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Daniela Silivaș

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Daniela Viorica Silivaș-Harper (née Silivaș, Romanian: [daniˈela vi.oˈrika siliˈvaʃ]; born 9 May 1972) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast best known for medaling in every single event at one Olympics, winning six medals (three gold, two silver, and one bronze) at the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul. In doing so, she was the fourth female gymnast to achieve this, after Maria Gorokhovskaya (1952), Larisa Latynina (1960, 1964) and Věra Čáslavská (1968). As of 2024, Silivaș is the last gymnast, male or female, to have accomplished this feat.

Daniela Silivaș
Silivaș in 1987
Personal information
Full nameDaniela Viorica Silivaș-Harper
Nickname(s)Dana
Country represented Romania
Born (1972-05-09) 9 May 1972 (age 52)
Deva, Romania
ResidenceMarietta, Georgia, U.S.
Height1.45 m (4 ft 9 in)
Weight38 kg (84 lb)
DisciplineWomen's artistic gymnastics
LevelSenior International Elite
Years on national team1985–1989 (ROM)
GymDeva National Training Center
Head coach(es)Adrian Goreac, Maria Cosma, Octavian Bellu[1]
Former coach(es)Béla Károlyi, Márta Károlyi
Music1985–1986: "Turkey in the Straw"/"Cotton Eye Joe"
1987: "Ochi Chernye"/"Dark Eyes"
1988: "Macho Mozart" by the Latin Rascals
1989: "Ciuleandra"
Eponymous skillsSilivaș mount (balance beam): shoulder stand–pirouette to chest stand ; floor: double twisting double back tucked somersault
Retired1991
Medal record
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1988 Seoul Uneven Bars
Gold medal – first place 1988 Seoul Balance Beam
Gold medal – first place 1988 Seoul Floor Exercise
Silver medal – second place 1988 Seoul Team
Silver medal – second place 1988 Seoul All-Around
Bronze medal – third place 1988 Seoul Vault
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1985 Montreal Balance Beam
Gold medal – first place 1987 Rotterdam Team
Gold medal – first place 1987 Rotterdam Uneven Bars
Gold medal – first place 1987 Rotterdam Floor Exercise
Gold medal – first place 1989 Stuttgart Uneven Bars
Gold medal – first place 1989 Stuttgart Balance Beam
Gold medal – first place 1989 Stuttgart Floor Exercise
Silver medal – second place 1985 Montreal Team
Silver medal – second place 1989 Stuttgart Team
Bronze medal – third place 1987 Rotterdam All-Around
World Cup Final
Silver medal – second place 1986 Beijing All-Around
Silver medal – second place 1986 Beijing Balance Beam
Bronze medal – third place 1986 Beijing Uneven Bars
European Championships
Gold medal – first place 1987 Moscow All-Around
Gold medal – first place 1987 Moscow Uneven Bars
Gold medal – first place 1987 Moscow Balance Beam
Gold medal – first place 1987 Moscow Floor Exercise
Gold medal – first place 1989 Brussels Floor Exercise
Silver medal – second place 1987 Moscow Vault
Silver medal – second place 1989 Brussels All-Around
Silver medal – second place 1989 Brussels Uneven Bars
Bronze medal – third place 1985 Helsinki Floor Exercise
Bronze medal – third place 1989 Brussels Balance Beam

Also, Silivaș is the first gymnast in history to win 3 Olympic and World individual titles on three (from four) apparatus: uneven bars and floor (1988 OG, 1987 and 1989 WC) and beam (1988 OG, 1985 and 1989 WC), an achievement equaled only by Simone Biles, 20 years later. She won 16 Olympic and World medals, from which 10 were golds. In 1987, she dominated the European Championships held in Moscow, being medalled on every single event: 4 gold (individual AA, bars, beam and floor) and silver on vault. In her career, she earned 24 perfect 10 scores, from which 7 were earned in Seoul, equalizing 1976 Nadia Comăneci's record.

Silivaș was chosen as one of the "Top Ten All-Around Gymnasts of All Time", in a poll in Inside Gymnastics magazine.[2] She was known for her technical excellence, difficult routines, charming performances, and artistic flair.[3]

In 1989, Silivaș's training was hampered by a knee injury and by the closure of the Deva National Training Center during the Romanian Revolution. She retired in 1991 and moved to the United States, where she is now a gymnastics coach. In 2002, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.[4]

Early life and career

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Silivaș was born in Deva, Romania, on 9 May 1972. She began gymnastics at age 6 and was coached by Béla Károlyi for six months before his defection in 1981. Silivaș won her school's championships in 1980, and was the Romanian junior national champion in 1981 and 1982. She continued to compete in various junior meets through 1984, with a particularly strong showing at the 1984 Junior European Championships, where she won the balance beam title, earned silver medals on the uneven bars and floor exercise, and placed fourth in the all-around. At the 1984 Junior Friendship Tournament (Druzhba), she won gold medals in the all-around and uneven bars over a strong field that included future Olympic and World medalists Svetlana Boguinskaya, Aurelia Dobre, and Dagmar Kersten.[5][6]

Senior career

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Age falsification

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In 1985, the Romanian Gymnastics Federation changed Silivaș's birth year from 1972 to 1970 to make her age eligible for the World Championships in Montreal. The falsification was suspected by some, but was never proven until Silivaș herself revealed it in 2002. She stated that she was never consulted about the matter: officials simply gave her a new passport, called her attention to the birth date, and informed her that she was now 15.[7][8][9][10]

1985–1987

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Although she was only 13 at the 1985 Worlds, Silivaș scored a perfect 10 en route to capturing the balance beam title, defeating the reigning Olympic champion, her teammate Ecaterina Szabo, in the process. She finished behind reigning co-world champion Yelena Shushunova in the individual all-around at the 1986 World Cup and quickly established herself as the leader of the Romanian gymnastics team.[9][11]

Silivaș's greatest triumph took place at the 1987 European Gymnastics Championships in Moscow, where she won the individual all-around, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise titles in addition to taking a silver medal on the vault. At the time, every dominant nation in women's gymnastics was located in Europe, and winning the European title over a deep field of Soviet, East German, and Bulgarian gymnasts was a major victory.[5]

 
Silivaș at the 1987 World Championships

At the 1987 World Championships in Rotterdam, Silivaș helped the Romanian squad win the team title, defeating the Soviet team for the first time since 1979. She was a favorite for the all-around title, but—hampered by low scores carried over from the team optionals, where she had fallen on the balance beam on a split leap, as well as a shaky uneven bars routine in the all-around—she still managed to win the bronze medal behind teammate Aurelia Dobre and Shushunova, especially due to her strong scores, including two perfect 10.00s, during the team compulsory round. In the event finals, she won gold medals on the uneven bars and floor exercise.[11]

1988 Olympics

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At the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, the Romanian team finished second to the Soviets. Individually, Silivaș was one of the favorites, along with Dobre and Shushunova, for the all-around title.[12]

The all-around was a hotly anticipated battle between Silivaș, the technician and dancer, and Shushunova, the powerhouse and tumbler. Both received scores of 10.0 on floor. Shushunova received her second 10.0 on vault; Silivaș received hers on the uneven bars. Silivaș was in the lead entering the final rotation, but a score of 9.950 on the vault dropped her to second place, 0.025 behind Shushunova.[13]

Silivaș's score on vault came under particular scrutiny. Of the six judges on the panel, three gave her first vault a 10.0; two others gave her 9.9s. However, the Soviet judge on the panel, Nellie Kim, gave her a 9.8. On her second vault, Silivaș took a hop on her landing; all six judges gave her 9.9s. Silivaș was visibly upset after Shushunova's scores were posted and at the medal ceremony; according to a report in International Gymnast, she said, "After my last vault, I thought maybe I should be the champion."[13] However, she did not argue the results publicly. Her former coach, Bela Károlyi, noted, "This kid had the honesty and decency to shut up. She didn’t want to say 'I’m better' because she knows Shushunova is the Olympic champion, but she couldn’t praise a rival. So she just didn’t say a word. These kids have more decency than all the judges and coaches in the world."[14]

In spite of the controversy, no score protests were ever filed by Silivaș, her coaches, or her federation, and no disciplinary measures were taken against any of the judges. In addition, even though Kim's first mark was considered questionable by many fans, it did not figure into Silivaș's final score: in 1988, the highest and lowest marks of the panel were dropped, and the final score was the average of the remaining four marks. Also, in spite of her vault score, Silivaș's all-around total was higher than that of Shushunova: if the competition had been held under the New Life rule, she would have won. In the third rotation, Shushunova was awarded 10s for her floor exercise by every judge except the Romanian judge, who gave her a 9.9, which did not count towards her final score.[15]

Silivaș returned in the event finals to win gold medals on the uneven bars, floor, and beam, as well as bronze on vault behind Soviet Svetlana Boguinskaya (gold) and teammate Gabriela Potorac (silver). In doing this, she became the only gymnast in Seoul to win medals in every event (team, all-around, and the four apparatus finals). She also equaled Nadia Comăneci's record of seven perfect 10 scores in a single Olympic Games.[16]

Post-Olympics

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Despite a serious knee injury in 1989, Silivaș successfully defended her floor exercise title at the European Championships and won three additional medals. In the all-around, she placed second to Svetlana Boguinskaya. Still injured, she went to the 1989 World Championships, where she placed 12th in the all-around after falling from the balance beam. In event finals, however, she captured three more gold medals on the bars, beam, and floor.[11]

After several more competitions in 1989, Silivaș underwent surgery on her knee. She intended to start training again afterwards, but the National Training Center at Deva was closed during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, putting an early end to her career.

Life after gymnastics

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Silivaș retired from gymnastics in 1991 and moved to the United States, settling in Atlanta.[10][17] In 2002, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame; she still holds the record as the youngest gymnast to receive this honor.[18]

Silivaș works full-time as a gymnastics coach at Jump Start Gymnasium in Sandy Springs, Georgia. In May 2003, she married Scott Harper, a sports management graduate living in the Atlanta area. The couple have three children: two sons, Jadan Scott (born 8 April 2004) and Rylan Bryce Harper (born October 2009), and a daughter, Ava Luciana (born 8 November 2005). They live in Marietta, Georgia.[5][10][19]

Skills

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The hallmarks of Silivaș's gymnastics were her impeccable form and execution, difficulty, and expressive dance. Many of the skills she performed in the 1988 Olympics still carry high difficulty ratings in the Code of Points today including the "Silivas" on floor, which is a double-twisting double back tucked somersault and has the third highest difficulty assignment of "H" in women's gymnastics. Between 1985 and 1988, the highlights of Silivaș's routines included:

Vault

  • Tucked Yurchenko full
  • Layout Yurchenko full

Uneven bars

  • Stalder 1/2 pirouette directly into Endo 1/2 pirouette
  • Straddled Deltchev
  • Straddled Tkatchev
  • Shaposhnikova transition
  • Free hip frontaway to front 1/2 dismount

Balance beam

  • The "Silivaș" mount: shoulder stand–pirouette to chest stand
  • Back handspring, two layout step-outs
  • Back handspring, layout on two feet
  • Aerial front walkover
  • Double back tuck dismount

Floor exercise

  • "Back to back" tumbling: Round-off, back handspring, double twist, punch front, round-off, back handspring, double twist, punch front.
  • Triple twist
  • Double twisting double back tuck ("Silivaș")
  • Tucked full-in
  • Piked full-in
  • Double back tuck
  • Double tour–double pirouette
  • The "Silivaș" skill, which involved spinning on the ankles

Eponymous skills

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Silivaș has two eponymous skills listed in the Code of Points.[20]

Apparatus Name Description Difficulty[a]
Balance beam Silivaș Jump with ½ turn (180°) over shoulder to neck stand, ½ turn (180°) to chest stand B
Floor exercise Silivaș Double salto backward tucked with 2/1 turn (720°) H
  1. ^ Valid for the 2022–2024 Code of Points

Competitive history

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Year Event Team AA VT UB BB FX
Junior
1981 Daciada  
1982 Junior Romanian Championships        
Peace Cup  
Romanian Cup  
1983 International Junior Championships   4  
Romanian Championships  
1984 Blume Memorial  
Coca-Cola International      
Junior Balkan Championships  
Junior European Championships 4      
Junior Friendship Tournament       4  
Moscow News 8 8   5
Paris Grand Prix    
Riga International          
Senior
1985[a] McDonald's American Cup    
Balkan Championships          
Champions All  
DTB Cup 5 5    
ESP-ROM Dual Meet    
European Championships 8 5  
FRG-ROM-SUI Tri-Meet    
Gander Memorial  
HOL-ROM Dual Meet    
International Championships of Romania  
International Mixed Pairs  
Romanian Championships      
ROM-CSSR Dual Meet   4
World Championships   7   4
1986 Ahoy Cup      
Antibes International    
Balkan Championships        
DTB Cup        
ESP-ROM-BUL Tri-Meet  
International Championships of Romania        
Romanian Championships      
ROM-CSSR Dual Meet    
World Cup   4     4
1987 Avignon International  
DTB Cup          
European Championships          
Gander Memorial  
ITA-ROM Dual Meet    
Romanian Championships        
SUI-ROM Dual Meet    
Swiss Cup  
World Championships        
1988 Chunichi Cup          
DTB Cup          
International Championships of Romania      
Olympic Games            
ROM-CSSR-SUI Tri-Meet    
Tokyo Cup    
1989 Blume Memorial  
Chunichi Cup 4
European Championships   4      
French International   6      
International Championships of Romania          
Tokyo Cup 7
World Championships   12      
1991 World Professional Championships 6 6
  1. ^ Daniela's age was falsified in order for her to compete at the World Championships.

[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Daniela Viorica Silivas. Romanian Olympic Committee
  2. ^ "Speak Out: Top Ten Gymnasts of All Time". www.insidegymnastics.com. 16 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 March 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  3. ^ Daniela Silivas, Class of 2002, International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. youtube.com
  4. ^ International Gymnastics Hall of Fame Daniela Silivas – Romania Archived 4 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c "Whatever happened to Daniela Silivas?". Gymnastics Greats. 2001–2005. Archived from the original on 30 October 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
  6. ^ "Results from 198 Druzhba competition". Gymn-Forum. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  7. ^ "Daniela Silivas discusses her age". ProSport. 30 June 2002. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  8. ^ "Romanian gymnasts lied about age". CNN/Sports Illustrated. 18 April 2002. Archived from the original on 11 October 2002. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  9. ^ a b "Profile at the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame". International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  10. ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Daniela Silivaș". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
  11. ^ a b c "List of competitive results". Gymn-Forum. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  12. ^ "The Games, From Archery to Yachting: Gymnastics". New York Times. 11 September 1988. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  13. ^ a b "It's History: IG Looks back at the 1988 Olympics". International Gymnast. 1998. Archived from the original on 6 December 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  14. ^ Mifflin, Lawrie (26 September 1988). "Who's the Best? Mum's the Word". New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  15. ^ "Scores from 1988 Olympics AA". Gymn-Forum. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  16. ^ "Twenty-five years of perfection". International Gymnast. 18 July 2001. Archived from the original on 28 August 2001. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  17. ^ "Daniela Silivaș, 10 years later". Gazeta Sporturilor. 2001. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  18. ^ "Hall of Fame celebration continues". International Gymnast. June 2002. Archived from the original on 21 July 2002. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  19. ^ "Daniela Silivas". International Gymnast. 2004. Archived from the original on 8 May 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  20. ^ "2022–2024 Code of Points Women's Artistic Gymnastics" (PDF). International Gymnastics Federation. pp. 110, 167. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  21. ^ "Daniela Silivas (ROM)". Gymn Forum. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
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