Dorbod Banner or Siziwang Banner (Mongolian: ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 四子王旗) is a banner (county equivalent) in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China,[2] bordering Mongolia's Dornogovi Province to the northwest. It is located about 80 km (50 mi) north of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.
Dorbod Banner
四子王旗 · ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ Siziwang | |
|---|---|
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 Dorbod in Ulanqab | |
.svg) Ulanqab in Inner Mongolia | |
  Dorbod Location in Inner Mongolia  Dorbod Dorbod (China) | |
| Coordinates: 41°31′59″N 111°42′24″E / 41.53306°N 111.70667°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Inner Mongolia |
| Prefecture-level city | Ulanqab |
| Banner seat | Ulan Hua |
| Area | |
• Total | 25,513 km2 (9,851 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 129,372 |
| • Density | 5.1/km2 (13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
| Dorbod Banner | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 四子王旗 | ||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Дөрвөд хошуу | ||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ||||||
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The banner spans 25,513 square kilometres (9,851 sq mi), and has a population of 129,372 as of 2020.[3] Its seat of government is located in Wulanhua.[4]
Toponymy
editThe Chinese name for the banner siziwang, literally "four princes", derives from the area's historic rule by four brothers.[3] The Mongolian name for the banner dorbed means "of four".[citation needed]
History
edit
The area of Dorbod Banner was ruled by four Mongol brothers, Sengge (Сэнгэ, Chinese: 僧格), Suonuobu (Chinese: 索諾布), Bonpo (Бумба, Chinese: 鄂木布) and Yi'erzhamu (Chinese: 伊爾扎木), who were descendants of Hasar, a brother of Genghis Khan.[citation needed] They led their tribe in participating in the Manchu Qing Dynasty's conquest of Ming China in the early 17th century.[citation needed] In recognition of their service, the Qing court made Emubu the Duoluo Commandery Prince (Chinese: 多羅郡王) in 1649 and settled their tribe in the area of modern Siziwang Banner.[citation needed] The title was hereditary and passed through fourteen of his descendants before the Chinese Communist Party abolished all hereditary titles in Inner Mongolia in 1949.[citation needed] The last prince, Sudanamuchaogeji (Chinese: 蘇達那木朝格吉), died as a private citizen in 1957.[citation needed] There is a sculpture of the four original princes in Wulanhua, erected in 2003.[1]
Geography
editTo its east lies Sonid Right Banner, Qahar Right Rear Banner, and Qahar Right Middle Banner.[4] To its south lies Wuchuan County and Zhuozi County.[4] To its west lies Darhan Muminggan United Banner.[4] Its north is formed by a 104 kilometres (65 mi) border with Mongolia.[4]
Its seat of government, the town of Wulanhua, is located 105 kilometres (65 mi) away from Hohhot, and 270 kilometres (170 mi) away from Erlianhot.[4]
The banner is located along the northern foothills of the Yin Mountains, and has an average elevation of 1,400 metres (4,600 ft).[4] Most of the banner's area is grassland.[4]
Climate
editThe banner experiences an average of 250 millimetres (9.8 in) to 300 millimetres (12 in) of precipitation annually.[4] Its average annual temperature is 3 °C (37 °F).[4]
| Climate data for Dorbod Banner, elevation 1,445 m (4,741 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
36.5 (97.7) |
36.9 (98.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
20.0 (68.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.9 (−3.8) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.2 (−29.6) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−27.7 (−17.9) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
0.5 (32.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−27.1 (−16.8) |
−32.7 (−26.9) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.5 (0.14) |
4.5 (0.18) |
7.9 (0.31) |
13.0 (0.51) |
29.9 (1.18) |
44.5 (1.75) |
81.8 (3.22) |
63.6 (2.50) |
43.7 (1.72) |
18.7 (0.74) |
7.7 (0.30) |
4.3 (0.17) |
323.1 (12.72) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 87.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.7 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 47.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 53 | 43 | 35 | 37 | 46 | 57 | 60 | 56 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 51 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 212.9 | 213.6 | 260.0 | 275.4 | 304.1 | 284.7 | 298.9 | 288.0 | 255.4 | 250.6 | 209.1 | 197.9 | 3,050.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 72 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 67 | 63 | 66 | 68 | 69 | 74 | 72 | 70 | 69 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
editDorbod Banner is divided into 5 towns, 3 townships, and 5 sums.[7]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||
| Ulan Hua Town | 乌兰花镇 | Wūlánhuā Zhèn | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Улаанухаа балгас | 150929100 |
| Jishengtai Town | 吉生太镇 | Jíshēngtài Zhèn | ᠵᠢᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Жий шинтэй балгас | 150929101 |
| Huret Town | 库伦图镇 | Kùlúntú Zhèn | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Хүрээт балгас | 150929102 |
| Gongjitang Town | 供济堂镇 | Gōngjìtáng Zhèn | ᠭᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Хүн жий даан балгас | 150929103 |
| Bayan Qogt Town | 白音朝克图镇 | Báiyīncháokètú Zhèn | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Баянцогт балгас | 150929104 |
| Townships | |||||
| Dongbahao Township | 东八号乡 | Dōngbāhào Xiāng | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Дүн ба хоо шиян | 150929204 |
| Hujirt Township | 忽鸡图乡 | Hūjītú Xiāng | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Хужирт шиян | 150929205 |
| Daheihe Township | 大黑河乡 | Dàhēihé Xiāng | ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠾᠧᠢ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Да гей ге шиян | 150929206 |
| Sums | |||||
| Honggor Sum | 红格尔苏木 | Hónggé'ěr Sūmù | ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Хонгор сум | 150929200 |
| Janggan Sum | 江岸苏木 | Jiāng'àn Sūmù | ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Зангаа сум | 150929201 |
| Qagan Bulag Sum | 查干补力格苏木 | Chágànbǔlìgé Sūmù | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Цагаанбулаг сум | 150929202 |
| Nomgan Sum | 脑木更苏木 | Nǎomùgèng Sūmù | ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Номгон сум | 150929203 |
| Bayan Obo Sum | 巴音敖包苏木 | Bāyīn'áobāo Sūmù | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠣ᠋ᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Баянөваа сум | 150929207 |
Other: Ulan Pasture (乌兰牧场)
Demographics
editAs of 2009, the banner is home to 216,990 people, up from the 180,568 reported in the 2000 Census.[3]
The banner's ethnic minorities include 18,902 Mongols (8.71% of the total population), 1,086 Manchus (0.50%), and 837 Hui people (0.39%).[3]
Economy
editMineral deposits in the banner include gold, copper, nickel, manganese, fluorite, gypsum, coal, and thenardite.[4]
Spacecraft landing site
editThe banner served as the landing sites for China's Shenzhou program.[8]
A pasture known as Amugulang, located in Honggor Sum, about 60 km (37 mi) north of Wulanhua, served as the landing site for the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft.[9] A specially constructed 64.69 km (40.20 mi) road runs from Wulanhua to Honggor to aid the recovery of the Shenzhou spacecraft, and to boost the local economy.[9] This road shortened the journey between the two towns from two hours to just 40 minutes.[9]
Chinese space program recovery teams (with SUV and recovery trucks) track the progress of re-entry near the landing site and arrive shortly after landing.[10]
A small recovery trucks fitted with a crane lifts the capsule and places it on the rear of the truck for transportation back to the space centre.[citation needed]
Since the final landing of Shenzhou 11 in Dorbod Banner in 2016, new facilities have been built to hasten the retrieval process for various spacecraft.[citation needed]
In December 2020, the Chang'e 5 spacecraft landed in Dorbod Banner following a successful collection of Moon rocks.[8]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ — All of the names presented here are transcribed from Chinese language sources using Hanyu Pinyin into the Roman alphabet. However, as these names are Mongolian and/or Manchu in origin, it would be much more accurate to transcribe them directly from those languages. These transcriptions are, however, unavailable as of now.
References
edit- ^ Inner Mongolia: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ 2020年统计用区划代码（乌兰察布市） (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ a b c d 四子王旗历史沿革. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2013-04-16. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 四子王旗概况地图. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2013-04-16. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 2022年统计用区划代码（四子王旗） (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2022.
- ^ a b "Chinese Capsule Returns to Earth Carrying Moon Rocks". Time. 2020-12-16. Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ a b c "People's Daily Online -- Primary landing site ready to greet Chinese taikonauts back home". people.cn. 2005-10-15. Archived from the original on 2020-12-18. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ^ Shenzhou 5 Archived 2011-06-28 at the Wayback Machine