Sophia of Minsk or Sophia of Polotsk (died 5 May 1198) was a Danish queen consort by marriage to King Valdemar I of Denmark, and a landgravine of Thuringia by marriage to Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia.
| Sophia of Minsk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Queen consort of Denmark | |
| Tenure | 1157–1182 |
| Died | 5 May 1198 |
| Burial | |
| Spouses | |
| Issue among others... | |
| House | Rurik |
| Father | Volodar of Minsk |
| Mother | Richeza of Poland |
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Life
editOrigin
editSophia was the daughter of Richeza of Poland, Dowager Queen of Sweden, from her second marriage to a man called "Valador", King in Poloni Land. The identity of her father is uncertain, it was either Volodar of Minsk[1] or Vladimir Vsevolodich, Prince of Novgorod and son of Vsevolod of Pskov. Both of them were Rurikids. The latter version would mean Valdemar was married to his first cousin once removed, as Sophia's possible father Volodar was a nephew of Valdemar's mother Ingeborg of Kiev.[2]
Childhood
editSophia spent a part of her childhood in Denmark, where her mother had been married to a Danish prince in her first marriage, and returned with her daughter when her second marriage was terminated. Sophia was the half sister of Canute V of Denmark, the son of her mother by her first marriage: after her half brother became king of Denmark in 1146, her mother returned to Denmark with her daughter Sophia, who thus spent part of her childhood in Denmark at the court of her half brother the king.
In circa 1149, her mother married Sverker I of Sweden, in her third marriage. She took her daughter with her to Sweden, where Sophia subsequently spent the rest of her childhood at the Swedish royal court.
Queen
editIn 1154, at the age of circa fourteen, Sophia was betrothed to Valdemar as a symbol of alliance between Sweden and Denmark: she was at this time described as a pretty girl with promise of becoming a beauty.[3] In the marriage contract, she was secured an eighth of her half brother King Canute V's estates in Denmark.[3]
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Sophia departed Sweden for Denmark after the conclusion of the engagement in 1154, but as she was not yet regarded old enough to marry by Nordic standards, she was sent to reside with a foster mother named Bodil until she was old enough to live with Valdemar.[3]
The wedding between Sophia and Valdemar was conducted in Viborg in 1157, three years later.
Queen Sophia was described as beautiful, dominant and cruel. According to traditional myth, she murdered Valdemar's mistress Tove and injured his sister Kirsten, but this is not confirmed.[4]
She was widowed in 1182.
Later life
editAs queen dowager, Sophia received a proposal from, and married, Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia in about 1184, and was escorted to the border by her son and a grand entourage.
She was repudiated in 1190, and returned to Denmark.
Issue
editSophia had the following children with Valdemar I of Denmark:
- Sophia (1159–1208), married Siegfried III, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
- King Canute VI of Denmark (1163–1202)
- Maria (born c. 1165), nun at Roskilde (1188)
- Margaret (born c. 1167), nun at Roskilde (1188)
- King Valdemar II of Denmark (1170–1241)
- Ingeborg (1175–1236), married King Philip II of France
- Helena (c.1177–1233), married William of Lüneburg
- Rikissa of Denmark (c. 1180–1220), married King Eric X of Sweden
References
edit- ^ Самонова, Мария Николаевна (2012). "Полоцкое княжество в системе династических связей и политических взаимоотношений Руси со Скандинавией и Польшей в ХІ ― начале ХІІІ в.". Studia Historica Europae Orientalis. Вып. 5. Минск: Республиканский институт высшей школы: 6–24.
- ^ Nazarenko A. V. Русско-немецкие связи домонгольского времени (IX — середина XIII в.): Состояние проблемы и перспективы дальнейших исследований [Russian-German relations of pre-Mongol times (IX - mid XIII century): The state of problem and possibilities for the further research] (in Russian). YASK. p. 266. ISBN 5-7859-0142-0.
- ^ a b c Bricka, Carl Frederik. "163 (Dansk biografisk Lexikon / XVI. Bind. Skarpenberg - Sveistrup)". runeberg.org. Retrieved Jul 15, 2019.
- ^ Smith-Dampier, Eleanor. Danish Ballads, pp. 15-24 (Cambridge U. Press 1920).