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South Jeolla Province

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South Jeolla Province (Korean: 전라남도; RR: Jeollanam-do), also known as Jeonnam (전남), is a province in the Honam region, South Korea, and the southernmost province in mainland Korea. South Jeolla borders the provinces of North Jeolla to the north, South Gyeongsang to the northeast, and Jeju to the southwest in the Korea Strait.

South Jeolla Province
전라남도
Province
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul전라남도
 • Hanja全羅南道
 • McCune‑ReischauerChŏllanam-do
 • Revised RomanizationJeollanam-do
From the left: Damyang, Yeosu, Mokpo, Yeongam, Haenam, Boseong
Flag of South Jeolla Province
Flag
Official logo of South Jeolla Province
Logo
Location of South Jeolla Province
Coordinates: 34°45′N 127°0′E / 34.750°N 127.000°E / 34.750; 127.000
CountrySouth Korea
RegionHonam
Largest citySuncheon
CapitalMuan County
Subdivisions5 cities; 17 counties
Government
 • GovernorKim Yung-rok (D)
Area
 • Total
12,335.13 km2 (4,762.62 sq mi)
 • Rank3rd
Population
 (October, 2014)
 • Total
1,817,697
 • Rank6th
 • Density147.36/km2 (381.7/sq mi)
Provincial symbols
 • FlowerCamellia japonica
 • TreeGinkgo
 • BirdOriental turtle dove
GDP
[1]
 • TotalKR₩ 91 trillion
US$ 73 billion (2022)
ISO 3166 codeKR-46
DialectJeolla
WebsiteOfficial website (English)

Suncheon is the largest city in the province, closely followed by Yeosu. Other major cities include Mokpo, Gwangyang and Naju.

Jeolla-do, including North and South Jeolla,was the first province/state out of the Eight Provinces system to have its 1000th year anniversary in 2018, as the name 'Jeolla-do' was established in 1018,during Hyeonjong of Goryeo's 9th year in power.[2]

History

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Proto Three Kingdoms period

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During the Samhan period, South Jeolla belonged to Mahan (마한/馬韓)[3]

Three Kingdoms period

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In the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Gujihakseong (구지하성/久知下城) of the southern five regions of Baekje (백제/百濟), with Mujinju (무진주/武珍州) as its center.[4]

Unified Silla, North and South period

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During the Unified Silla period, with the establishment of nine provinces and five subordinate regions, the area remained under Mujinju. In the 16th year of King Gyeongdeok's reign (757), Mujinju was renamed to Muju (무주/武州) and came to oversee 15 counties (군/郡) and 43 prefectures (군/縣).[5]

Goryeo dynasty

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In the 2nd year of King Seongjong of Goryeo (983), when the national administrative divisions were reorganized into twelve mok (목), Naju-mok and Seungju-mok were established. In the 14th year of King Seongjong's reign (995), with the implementation of the province (도) system, the nation was divided into ten provinces(도), and the region was called Haeyangdo (해향도/海陽道). In the 9th year of King Hyeonjong's reign, Haeyangdo was merged with Gangnamdo, and the name Jeollado (全羅道) was officially adopted.[6]

Joseon dynasty

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During the Joseon Dynasty, the country was divided into eight provinces, and names such as Gwangnamdo (光南道), Jeongwangdo (全光道), and Jeonnamdo (全南道) were occasionally used. However, the name Jeollado was predominantly maintained.

On May 26, 1895 (the 32nd year of King Gojong's reign), with the implementation of the 23-bu system, Jeollado was subdivided into Jeonju-bu (全州府), Namwon-bu (南原府), Naju-bu (羅州府), and Jeju-bu (濟州府). Currently, seven cities and counties, including Suncheon and Damyang, belong to Namwon-bu, and Yeonggwang and Jangseong is part of Jeonju-bu, and the remaining sixteen cities and counties belong to Naju-bu.

On August 4, 1896 (the 33rd year of King Gojong's reign), Decree No. 36 abolished the 23-bu system. During the reorganization process, the existing eight provinces were divided into thirteen provinces by splitting five provinces (Jeollado, Chungcheongdo, Gyeongsangdo, etc.) into northern and southern regions. As a result, Jeollado was split into north and south, with the southern part being renamed Jeollanam-do (전라남도),or South Jeolla Province, as it is known today, encompassing 1 moks(목/牧) and 32 counties (군/gun).[7]

Geography

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The province is part of the Honam region, and is bounded on the west by the Yellow Sea, on the north by Jeollabuk-do Province, on the south by Jeju Strait, and on the east by Gyeongsangnam-do.

There are almost 2,000 islands along the coastline, about three quarters of which are uninhabited. The coastline is about 6,100 kilometres (3,800 mi) long. Some of the marine products, in particular oyster and seaweed cultivation, are leading in South Korea.

The province is only partially mountainous. The plains along the rivers Seomjin, Yeongsan and Tamjin are suitable for large-scale grain agriculture. There is abundant rainfall in the area, which helps agriculture. The province is also home to the warmest weather on the peninsula. This helps to produce large amounts of agricultural produce, mainly rice, wheat, barley, pulses and potatoes. Vegetables, cotton and fruits are also grown in the province.

Further information on the mountain: Mohusansan

Environment

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A small amount of gold and coal is mined in the province, but industries have also been developed in the area. The amount of harmful heavy metals in the province is one-thirtieth of the environmental standard requirement, boasting clean air.[8]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 2,923,191—    
1990 2,507,439−1.52%
2000 1,996,456−2.25%
2010 1,741,499−1.36%
2015 1,799,044+0.65%
2020 1,788,807−0.11%
Source: Citypopulation[9]
Age Ddistribution (2020)
Age Population
90+ years
14,883
80–89 years
103,290
70–79 years
184,866
60–69 years
257,648
50–59 years
298,881
40–49 years
252,465
30–39 years
191,379
20–29 years
194,394
10–19 years
159,118
0–9 years
131,883

Administrative divisions

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Jeollanam-do is divided into 5 cities (si) and 17 counties (gun). Listed below is the name of each entity in English, hangul, and hanja.

 
Yeosu
Map Name Hangul Hanja Population (2024)[10] Area
(km2) 		Population density
2021 (per km2) 		Subdivisions

 

Yeosu 여수시 麗水市 268,823 510.08 km2 526.75/km2 1 eup, 6 myeon, 20 haengjeong-dong

 

Mokpo 목포시 木浦市 210,806 51.58 km2 4,288.06/km2 23 haengjeong-dong

 

Suncheon 순천시 順天市 276,375 907.43 km2 301.76/km2 1 eup, 10 myeon, 13 haengjeong-dong

 

Gwangyang 광양시 光陽市 154,226 458.89 km2 314.29/km2 1 eup, 6 myeon, 5 haengjeong-dong

 

Naju 나주시 羅州市 116,891 608.45 km2 189.23/km2 1 eup, 12 myeon, 7 haengjeong-dong

 

Muan County 무안군 務安郡 92,009 448.95 km2 200.68/km2 3 eup, 6 myeon

 

Haenam County 해남군 海南郡 63,457 1,013.8 km2 62.38/km2 1 eup, 13 myeon

 

Goheung County 고흥군 高興郡 60,385 807.23 km2 72.93/km2 2 eup, 14 myeon

 

Hwasun County 화순군 和順郡 60,886 786.9 km2 76.42/km2 1 eup, 12 myeon

 

Yeongam County 영암군 靈巖郡 55,998 604.24 km2 92.68/km2 2 eup, 9 myeon

 

Yeonggwang County 영광군 靈光郡 48,981 473.69 km2 103.40/km2 3 eup, 8 myeon

 

Wando County 완도군 莞島郡 47,210 396.13 km2 119.18/km2 3 eup, 9 myeon

 

Damyang County 담양군 潭陽郡 44,034 455.12 km2 96.75/km2 1 eup, 11 myeon

 

Boseong County 보성군 寶城郡 36,981 663.35 km2 55.75/km2 2 eup, 10 myeon

 

Jangseong County 장성군 長城郡 40,604 518.65 km2 78.29/km2 1 eup, 10 myeon

 

Jangheung County 장흥군 長興郡 34,268 618.2 km2 55.43/km2 3 eup, 7 myeon

 

Gangjin County 강진군 康津郡 31,941 500.28 km2 63.85/km2 1 eup, 10 myeon

 

Sinan County 신안군 新安郡 34,000 663.59 km2 51.24/km2 2 eup, 12 myeon

 

Hampyeong County 함평군 咸平郡 29,369 392.43 km2 74.84/km2 1 eup, 8 myeon

 

Jindo County 진도군 珍島郡 29,013 440.1 km2 65.92/km2 1 eup, 6 myeon

 

Gokseong County 곡성군 谷城郡 26,781 547.44 km2 48.92/km2 1 eup, 10 myeon

 

Gurye County 구례군 求禮郡 23,543 443.2 km2 53.12/km2 1 eup, 7 myeon

Sister cities and provinces

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Religion

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Religion in South Jeolla (2005)[13]

  Not religious (53.4%)
  Protestantism (21.8%)
  Buddhism (16.1%)
  Catholicism (8.7%)

According to the census of 2005, of the people of South Jeolla 30.5% follow Christianity (21.8% Protestantism and 8.7% Catholicism) and 16.1% follow Buddhism.[13] 53.4% of the population is mostly not religious or follow Muism and other indigenous religions.

Education

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National universities with graduate schools

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Private universities with graduate schools

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Public institutes of higher education

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Private institutes of higher education

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Governor

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Main article: Governor of South Jeolla Province

Economy

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Gwangyang Steel Mill, one of the world's largest single steel producer with an annual capacity of 21 million tons, is located in Gwangyang City. In addition, Yeosu National Industrial Complex, the nation's largest petrochemical industrial complex, is located in Yeosu City.[14]

Transportation

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Rail

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Roads

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Airports

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Yeosu Airport in Yeosu

Tourism

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Nagan Eupseong Folk Village in Suncheon

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "2022년 지역소득(잠정)". www.kostat.go.kr. Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  2. ^ https://www.jeonbuk.go.kr/index.jeonbuk?menuCd=DOM_000000101004005000
  3. ^ "전라남도청누리집 - 연혁 |".
  4. ^ "전라남도청누리집 - 연혁 |".
  5. ^ "전라남도청누리집 - 연혁 |".
  6. ^ "전라남도청누리집 - 연혁 |".
  7. ^ "전라남도청누리집 - 연혁 |".
  8. ^ "Clean Natural Environment". Jeollanamdo. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  9. ^ "South Korea: Provinces". Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
  10. ^ "KOSIS". Archived from the original on 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  11. ^ "Background Brief on International Trade" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-09. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  12. ^ "Consulta".
  13. ^ a b "2005 Census - Religion Results". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04.
  14. ^ "Investment Attractiveness". Jeollanamdo.

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jeollanam-do.
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