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Taloqan (Persian: تالقان, also transcribed Taleqan or Taluqan) is the capital of Takhar Province, in northeastern Afghanistan. It is located in the Taluqan District. The population was estimated as 196,400 in 2006.[1]
Taloqan
تالقان | |
|---|---|
 Takhar governor's office in Taloqan | |
  Taloqan Location in Afghanistan | |
| Coordinates: 36°43′N 69°31′E / 36.717°N 69.517°E | |
| Country |  Afghanistan |
| Province | Takhar |
| Elevation | 876 m (2,874 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 196,400 |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Standard Time) |
In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
History
edit
The old city to the west on the riverside was described by Marco Polo in 1275 CE as:
- "a castle called Taikhan, where there is a great corn-market, and the country round is fine and fruitful. The hills that lie to the south of it are large and lofty. They all consist of white salt, extremely hard, with which the people for a distance of thirty days' journey round, come to provide themselves, for it is esteemed the purest that is found in the world. It is so hard, that it can be broken only with great iron hammers. The quantity is so great that all the countries of the earth might be supplied from thence."[2]
In 1603, Taloqan ("Talhan") was visited by another European explorer, Bento de Góis, who was traveling with a caravan from Kabul to Yarkand (then the capital of Kashgaria).[3]
Recent history
editThe mujahideen headquarters of Ahmad Shah Massoud were located in Taloqan during his campaign against the Soviet Army and the Taliban. Taloqan was the last major city to fall to the Taliban, on 5 September 2000,[4] after a siege which claimed the lives of hundreds of civilians.[5] A bloody capture by the Taliban also triggered a mass exodus in the population, with civilians fleeing towards Imam Sahib and the Panjshir Valley. Northern Alliance soldiers managed to stop the Taliban advance to the north and to the east of the city, but weren't able to retake it. Taloqan was liberated in November 2001 by Northern Alliance soldiers following the United States invasion of Afghanistan.
The city was attacked during the 2021 Taliban offensive (which coincided with the withdrawal of United States troops).
On May 2, 2021, PiramQul Ziayi, the most influential anti-Taliban figure in Takhar, was assassinated in Rustaq district.[1]
Following the fall of several districts of Takhar to the Taliban,[6] on June 20, 2021, a group of Takhar elders Including Mohibullah Noori one of Takhar elders and Ashraf Ani a member of Parliament announced at a press conference in Kabul that they will send a group to mobilize people resistant in support of security forces in Takhar. Mohibullah Noori led the group entered the Taloqan City on June 26, 2021 and united the Takhar commanders to resist against Taliban.[2]
The Taliban tried to take the city in July 2021, however the attack was repulsed.[7] later During Taliban offensive Haji Agha Gol Qatghani was killed and Khair Mohammad Teymour injured and all forces, including provincial officials, retreated to the Versaj district. Taloqan was captured by the Taliban on 8 August 2021.[8]
Taloqan in Islamic sources
editThe testament of the Islamic prophet Muhammad indicates that the city will play a major role regarding the Mahdi. A narration by chain, Imam Baqir states: "Allah Almighty has a treasure in Talaqan which is of neither gold nor silver, but consists of twelve thousand (people), having 'Ahmad, Ahmad' for their slogan. They will be led by a young Hashemite man riding a gray mule and wearing a red headband. It is as if I can see him crossing the Euphrates. Should you hear of his coming, rush to him even if you have to crawl over the snow[9] Another narration states: "Talaqan is a place of treasures of Allah. These treasures are not of gold and silver, but consist of people who have recognised Allah as they should have."[10]
Climate
editTaloqan has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Taloqan is 14.6 °C (58.3 °F). About 475 mm (18.70 in) of precipitation falls annually.
| Climate data for Taloqan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53 (2.1) |
68 (2.7) |
90 (3.5) |
96 (3.8) |
60 (2.4) |
7 (0.3) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.1) |
17 (0.7) |
40 (1.6) |
41 (1.6) |
475 (18.8) |
| Source: [11] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Tāloqān". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2007.
- ^ Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977) [1st Edition: 1970]. An Historical Guide to Afghanistan (2nd Edition, Revised and Enlarged ed.). Afghan Tourist Organization.
- ^ "The Journey of Benedict Goës from Agra to Cathay" - Henry Yule's translation of the relevant chapters of De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas, with detailed notes and an introduction. In: Yule (translator and editor), Sir Henry (1866). Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China. Issue 37 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. Printed for the Hakluyt society. pp. 558–559. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2001 - Afghanistan". United States Department of State. 4 March 2002. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ Filipov, David (6 October 2002). "Amid the ruins of war, Afghans tread warily". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2007.
- ^ Kakar, Ajmal (20 June 2021). "Taliban overrun 4 districts of Takhar, say sources".
- ^ "Afghan forces repel Taliban assault on provincial capital, governor says". Reuters. 11 July 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ Kakar, Ajmal (8 August 2021). "Most areas of Taloqan fall to Taliban: Sources". Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ "Al Mahdi". Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, al-Burhan fee Alamat al-Mahdi Akhir az-Zaman, p. 59)
- ^ "Climate: Taloqan". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2018.