Thunderbird Field was a military airfield in Glendale, Arizona, used for contract primary flight training of Allied pilots during World War II. Created in part by actor James Stewart,[1] the field became part of the United States Army Air Forces training establishment just prior to American entry into the war and was re-designated Thunderbird Field #1 after establishment of Thunderbird Field#2 at nearby Scottsdale, on 22 June 1942. Thunderbird # 1 is located southeast of the intersection of West Greenway Road & North 59th Avenue in Glendale, Arizona.
Thunderbird Field No. 1 | |
|---|---|
| Part of Arizona World War II Army Airfields | |
| Glendale, Arizona | |
 Thunderbird 1 Army Air Field emblem | |
  Thunderbird Field No. 1 | |
| Coordinates | 33°37′22″N 112°11′7″W / 33.62278°N 112.18528°W |
| Type | USAAF contract flight training school |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | Army Air Forces Training Command |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1939 |
| Built by | Del E. Webb Construction Company |
| In use | 1941–1944 |
After the conclusion of World War II, the property was sold as surplus for educational purposes, eventually becoming Thunderbird School of Global Management, a post-graduate business school. In November 2018 the property was transferred to Arizona Christian University. ACU now operates its undergraduate liberal arts university on the site.
Television producer Gerry Anderson named Thunderbird Field as the inspiration for the naming of the television show Thunderbirds as his brother, Lionel, was once stationed there.[2]
History
editThunderbird Field began in 1939 as a collaborative project by Hollywood agent and producer Leland Hayward, former Air Service pilot John H. "Jack" Connelly, and Life magazine photographer John Swope, founders of Southwest Airways. Backed by investors who included James Stewart, singer-actor Hoagy Carmichael, Cary Grant, Henry Fonda, Robert Taylor, and Margaret Sullavan, construction of the pilot training facility near Glendale, Arizona,[3] began on 2 January 1941, and was completed in three months.
The site, 25 miles (40 km) from central Phoenix, was laid out by artist Millard Sheets to resemble (from the air) an etching of a mythical Ancestral Puebloan Thunderbird. The control tower formed the feathered tail of the bird, the administration buildings and barracks its body, the hangars its wings, and the gardens its head. The installation was situated on the southeast corner of what is now West Greenway Road and North 59th Avenue. To the southeast, adjacent to its single-story sage, cream, and terra cotta-colored buildings of Spanish Colonial rancheria design, was a square 2,800-square-foot (260 m2) ramp area. Across West Greenway Road to the south was the airfield itself with three 3,500-foot (1,100 m) runways.
Contractor Del Webb Construction built a hexagonal barracks, administrative building, mess hall and four hangars on the site, plus twin swimming pools. The US Army Air Forces signed a contract with Southwest Airways to provide instructors and facilities for a primary training school for its aviation cadets in March 1941, beginning with a class of 59 candidates. Eventually 10,000 pilots from 30 nations trained at the field before it was deactivated in June 1945.[4]
A 1942 Hollywood movie in Technicolor, Thunder Birds (directed by William Wellman), was filmed on location at the field in the spring of 1942. Aerial shots clearly show the original Thunderbird design.
Four unpaved satellite airfields were operated by Thunderbird Field between 1942 and 1944:
- Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-1 (33.64N 112.10W), northeast of West Bell Road and North 19th Avenue;
- Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-2 (33.65N 112.24W), in Sun City northwest of West Union Hills Road and North 83rd Avenue;
- Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-3 (33.58N 112.10W), at West Peoria Avenue and North 19th Avenue;
- Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-4, at West Pinnacle Peak Road and North 43rd Avenue.
Southwest Airways expanded the training complex with the building of two other airfields, Falcon Field at Mesa in September 1941, and Thunderbird Field#2 in Scottsdale in June 1942.
After World War II
editFollowing the end of World War II, Thunderbird Field was declared surplus by the War Assets Administration in 1946. That same year, Thunderbird was purchased for $1 from the federal government by Lt. General Barton K. Yount, retired commander of the Army Air Forces Training Command. He established the American Institute for Foreign Trade and became its first president.
Classes began on the site within a few months, but the airfield at Thunderbird may have continued in operation alongside the new school for some time. Thunderbird Field was apparently closed (permanently) at some point within the next year.
Thunderbird Field inspired the name of Thunderbirds, a British mid-1960s television show that used marionettes. The eldest brother of Gerry Anderson, the creator of the show had been stationed at the base and wrote about his experience there.[2]
Historical structures
editToday the location of the school is known currently as Arizona Christian University. The campus still contains many original airfield buildings, including the airfield control tower (which has been restored), barracks, and one large airplane hangar.
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Thunderbird Pilots Memorial dedicated to the pilots who trained there during WW II -
The historic Thunderbird Control Tower was built in 1941 and served as the Air Control Tower and Officers' quarters during the operation of the Thunderbird 1 Army Air Field, in Glendale. There American, British, Canadian and Chinese pilots trained during World War II. The air field was deactivated in 1945 and is now occupied by Arizona Christian University which is located southeast of the intersection of West Greenway Road & North 59th Avenue in Glendale, Arizona (GAHS). -
View from the inside of the historic Thunderbird Control Tower station -
Different view of the historic Thunderbird Control Tower. The tower and officer quarters were built in 1941 and served the Thunderbird 1 Army Air Field, in Glendale during WW II (GAHS). -
The historic Thunderbird 1 Army Air Field Airplane Hangar was built in 1941. This hangar belonged to Southwest Airways-not to be confused with the modern American airline, Southwest Airlines (GAHS). -
Thunderbird Army Air Field barracks used during World War II by the pilots -
Thunderbird Army Air Field barracks
See also
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References
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This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas OCLC 71006954, 29991467
- Nalty, Bernard C. (1997). "Reaction to the War in Europe", Winged Shield, Winged Sword:A History of the United States Air Force, Air University Press, USAF Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-16-049009-X, pp. 177–178.
- Orson Falk, Thunder Birds, Random House (1942).
- Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC OCLC 57007862, 1050653629
- ^ From The Soldier's Book of Inspirational Stories, by R.Dale Jeffery, 1997.
- ^ a b Gerry Anderson – The Authorised Biography, by Simon Archer & Stan Nicholls, 1996, pp. 85–86, ISBN 0-09-978141-7.
- ^ From "The History of Thunderbird," Parts 1 and 2, in Das Tor, October 1992.
- ^ Hyer, Charles F. (Fall 1985). "Falcon Field Beginnings". American Aviation Historical Society Journal. 30 (3): 175.
External links
edit- Arizona Memory Project – period photographs – including photos of key founders Connelly, Hayward and Swope
- Thunderbird Field – period photographs