Wikipedia

Tourism in Vietnam

Tourism in Vietnam is a component of the modern Vietnamese economy. In 2019, Vietnam received 18 million international arrivals, up from 2.1 million in the year 2000. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-term plan to diversify the tourism industry, which brings foreign exchange into the country.[1]

Hạ Long Bay
A cable car station located in Sapa, Fansipan: the highest mountain in the Indochinese Peninsula
The Golden Bridge at Bana Hills
The Hang Sơn Đoòng is the largest known cave passage in the world by volume. It is so large it contains its own subterranean forest and ecosystem.
The Gate leading to the Marble Mountains, a popular tourist destination
Ban Gioc Falls Giant Waterfalls located in Northern Vietnam
Bái Đính Temple, a popular site for Buddhist pilgrimages from across Vietnam

Imperial City, Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam

Tourist arrivals in Vietnam have continued to rise in recent years. In 2008, Vietnam received 4.218 million international tourists, in 2009 the number was 3.8 million, down 11%. In 2012, Vietnam received 6.84 million tourists.[2] This was a 13% increase from 2011 figure of 6 million international visitors, which was itself a rise of 2 million visitors relative to 2010 arrivals. In 2016, Vietnam welcomed 10 million international visitors which represented a 26% increase from the previous year.[3][4] In 2019, Vietnam with 18 million international visitors was the fifth most visited country in the Asia-Pacific region as per the World Tourism rankings released by the United Nations World Tourism Organization.[5] The Vietnamese tourist industry was severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, with visitor numbers reduced to 3.84 million in 2020, comparable to 2009 numbers.[6] Visitors have steadily increased after the pandemic, reaching 12.6 million in 2023.[7]

Tourism in the economy

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Tourism is important in Vietnam. For backpackers, culture and nature lovers, beach-lovers, military soldiers and veterans, Vietnam has become a new tourist destination in Southeast Asia. Local and international tour operators offer tours to ethnic minority groups, walking and bicycle tours, photography tours, kayak trips and multi-country trips in particular with neighboring Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Foreign tourists have been able to travel freely in the country since 1997.

The economy of Vietnam has transformed from an agrarian to a service economy. More than a third of gross domestic product is generated by services, which include the hotel and catering industry and transportation. The manufacturing and construction (28 percent), agriculture and fisheries (20 percent) and mining (10 percent) have much smaller shares.[8]

Tourism contributes 4.5 percent to gross domestic product (as of 2007). After heavy industry and urban development, most foreign investment in Vietnam has been concentrated in tourism, especially in hotel projects.[9] According to usual report of World Tourism and Travel Council, tourism contributed 6.6 percent to GDP equal VND 279,287 billion (03/2016) which has important contribution promoting development of related sectors such as transportation, entertainment, cuisine etc.

Tourism statistics

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International visitors

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Data source: Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism[10]

Year Tourist
Arrivals		 Change
10/2024 14,125,149 27.6%[11]
2023 12,602,434 44,2%[12]
2022 3,440,019 98,2%[12]
2021 3.500 −99%[12]
2020 3,686,779 −78%[12]
2019 18,008,591 16.2%[12]
2018 15,497,791 19.9%[13]
2017 12,922,151 29.1%[14]
2016 10,012,735 26%
2015 7,943,651 0.9%
2014 7,874,312 4%
2013 7,572,352 10.60%
2012 6,847,678 10.8%
2011 6,014,032 19.1%
2010 5,049,855 34.8%
2009 3,772,359 −10.9%
2008 4,253,740 0.6%
2007 4,171,564 16%
2006 3,583,486 3%
2005 3,467,757 18.4%
2004 2,927,876 20.5%
2003 2,429,600 −7.6%
2002 2,628,200 12.8%
2001 2,330,800 8.9%
2000 2,140,100 20.0%
1999 1,781,800 17.2%
1998 1,520,100 −11.4%
1997 1,715,600 6.7%
1996 1,607,200 18.9%
1995 1,351,300  

Top 31 International Visitors in Vietnam

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Data Source: Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism[15]

Country 10/2024 2023 2022 3/2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  South Korea 3,734,722 3,595,062 769,167 819,089 4,290,802 3,485,406 2,415,245 1,543,883 1,152,349 849,384
  China 3,010,866 1,743,204 71,862 871,819 6,806,425 4,966,468 4,008,253 2,696,848 1,771,654 1,949,433
  Taiwan 1,062,666 851,024 89,463 192,216 926,744 714,112 616,232 507,301 425,060 391,040
  United States 636,836 717,073 215,274 172,706 746,171 687,226 614,117 552,644 492,847 445,945
  Japan 584,908 589,522 128,764 200,346 951,962 826,674 798,119 740,592 677,477 648,612
  Australia 395,695 390,087 99,156 92,227 383,511 386,934 370,438 320,678 323,792 322,424
  India 394,509 145,340 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
  Malaysia* 392,449 470,105 135,007 116,221 606,206 540,119 480,456 407,574 341,125 333,859
  Cambodia* 365,757 402,062 140,461 120,430 227,910 202,954 222,614 211,949 220,449 397,399
  Thailand* 339,763 489,174 162,567 125,725 509,802 349,310 301,587 266,984 218,025 253,503
  Singapore* 266,033 328,195 128,399 51,726 308,969 286,246 277,658 257,041 237,496 202,870
  United Kingdom 248,169 253,522 67,337 81,433 315,084 298,114 283,537 254,841 214,866 203,719
  France 221,626 215,508 58,107 74,480 287,655 279,659 255,369 240,808 211,780 214,569
  Philippines* 200,987 153,168 36,281 36,969 179,190 151,641 133,543 110,967 101,451 104,988
  Germany 196,779 200,425 59,975 61,465 226,792 213,986 199,872 176,015 134,784 142,843
  Russia 177,810 125,610 28,056 244,966 646,524 606,637 574,164 433,987 339,270 365,163
  Indonesia* 150,891 105,380 26,338 21,446 106,688 87,941 81,065 69,653 65,660 68,974
  Canada 121,060 133,493 37,894 41,807 159,121 149,535 138,242 122,929 105,189 105,279
  Laos* 119,690 120,522 47,002 36,810 98,492 120,009 141,588 137,004 116,349 136,658
  Spain 73,430 76,087 22,511 11,783 83,597 77,071 69,528 57,957 45,483 40,824
  Italy 69,969 57,054 15,051 17,774 70,798 65,562 58,041 51,265 43,202 36,509
  Netherlands 63,703 68,057 19,756 18,265 81,092 77,300 72,277 64,712 48,862 49,837
  New Zealand 39,523 33,730 8,681 9,470 47,088 49,854 49,115 42,588 34,731 33,385
  Poland 34,332 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
  Denmark 30,203 30,231 8,250 14,444 42,043 39,926 34,720 30,996 27,285 27,115
   Switzerland 26,109 27,929 8,025 10,845 36,577 34,541 33,123 31,475 25,765 32,315
  Belgium 25,316 26,353 8,104 7,452 34,187 31,382 29,144 26,231 23,689 23,275
  Sweden 25,178 25,755 6,487 21,857 50,704 49,723 44,045 37,679 34,131 30,223
  Norway 22,077 22,717 5,235 8,958 28,037 26,134 24,293 23,110 21,130 23,165
  Finland N/A 8,618 2,476 9,994 21,480 22,785 18,236 15,953 16,283 13,867
  Hong Kong N/A 112** 43** 3,780 51,618 62,208 47,721 34,613 TBA 14,871
Total 14,125,149 12,602,434 3,661,222 3,686,779 18,008,591 15,497,791 12,922,151 10,012,735 7,898,852 7,887,013

* Country in ASEAN ** Incomplete data

Destinations and attractions

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Hotel Metropôle Hanoi

National parks of Vietnam

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Vietnam has 31 national parks: Ba Bể, Ba Vì, Bạch Mã, Bái Tử Long, Bến En, Bidoup Núi Bà, Bù Gia Mập, Cát Bà, Cát Tiên, Chư Mom Ray, Chư Yang Sin, Côn Đảo, Cúc Phương, Hoàng Liên, Kon Ka Kinh, Lò Gò-Xa Mát, Cape Cà Mau, Núi Chúa, Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng, Phú Quốc, Phước Bình, Pù Mát, Tam Đảo, Tràm Chim, U Minh Hạ, U Minh Thượng, Vũ Quang, Xuân Sơn, Xuân Thủy, Yok Đôn.

World Heritage sites

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam.
 
Thiên Đường Cave in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình province

Huế, Hội An, Mỹ Sơn (Quảng Nam province), Hạ Long Bay (Quảng Ninh province), Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (Quảng Bình province), Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long (Hanoi) and Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty (Thanh Hóa province). Hạ Long Bay is one of New Seven Natural Wonders of the world.

Man and the Biosphere Programme

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of biosphere reserves in Vietnam.

Vietnam has eleven world biosphere reserves,[16] from north to south: Cát Bà (Hai Phong), Red River Delta (Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh), Western Nghệ An (Nghe An), Cù Lao Chàm (Quang Nam), Kon Hà Nừng (Gia Lai), Langbiang (Lam Dong), Núi Chúa (Ninh Thuan), Đồng Nai (Dong Nai), Cần Giờ (Ho Chi Minh City), Kiên Giang (Kien Giang) and Cape Cà Mau (Ca Mau).

Foreign tourist highly recommend the rural Vietnam and see it as the most beautiful in East Asia (Da Nang-Hue are a "want to go back every year" place) [citation needed]

National tourist area

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View of the Tam Cốc river and cave.

Vietnam now has 21 national tourist areas, major tourist sites that are state recognized:

Sa Pa (Lào Cai), Ba Bể (Bắc Kạn), Hạ Long Bay – Cát Bà Island (Quảng Ninh, Hai Phong), Ba Vì National Park (Hanoi), Perfume Pagoda (Hanoi), Cổ Loa Citadel (Hanoi), Tam Cốc-Bích Động (Ninh Bình), Kim Liên (Nghệ An), Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (Quảng Bình), Ho Chi Minh trail (Quảng Trị), Lăng Cô – Hải Vân Pass – Non Nuoc (Thừa Thiên–Huế and Da Nang), Hội An (Quảng Nam), Van Phong Bay (Khánh Hòa), Phan Thiết – Mũi Né (Bình Thuận), Dankia – Yellow Springs, Tuyền Lâm Lake (Lâm Đồng), Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest (Ho Chi Minh City), Côn Đảo (Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu), Long Hai beach (Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu), Phú Quốc (Kiên Giang), Biosphere Reserve Cape Cà Mau (Cà Mau).

Cities

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Da Nang

Since 2014, Hanoi has consistently been voted in the world's top ten destinations by TripAdvisor. It ranked 8th in 2014,[17] 4th in 2015[18] and 8th in 2016.[19]

In 2014, Hanoi, Hoi An and Ho Chi Minh City appeared in TripAdvisor's 2014 Traveller's Choice Awards for the top 25 destinations in Asia. Hanoi was ranked second, Hoi An tenth and Ho Chi Minh City eighteenth.[20] In 2017, Đà Lạt is in the list of Asia's overlooked places by the CNN.

International tourist arrivals

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International airports

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Hội An, a trading port dating from the 15th to the 19th century
Main article: List of airports in Vietnam

Air travel is the most popular form of travel for international arrivals to Vietnam; in 2013, nearly 6 million of the 7.6 million total international arrivals were by air.[21]

Tan Son Nhat International Airport, which serves Ho Chi Minh City, is the busiest airport with the largest visitor volume. On the other hand, Noi Bai International Airport, serving Hanoi, is the largest airport in terms of land area and total capacity after its opening of the modern international terminal. Other major airports include Da Nang International Airport, Cam Ranh International Airport and Cat Bi International Airport.

In March 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has suspended issuance of all tourist visa; however, as of September 2020, the country is still closed for foreign tourists until 2022,[22] with plans to reopen for tourism from a limited number of Asian countries.[23]

In March of 2022, Vietnam reopened to foreign tourist arrivals after COVID border closures. The industry did struggle to recovery initially, however, in the first seven months of 2024 the country welcomed 9,983,703 foreign tourists putting Vietnam on track to reach its 2019 peak of 19 million tourist arrivals.[24]

Military tourism

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See also: Military history of Vietnam
 
An American tourist crawling through the Cu Chi tunnels, constructed by the Viet Cong Guerrilla forces during the Vietnam War, now a popular tourist destination
 
Mỹ Sơn: Ancient Champa Hindu temples in Central Vietnam

Throughout thousands of years, wars played a great role in shaping the identity and culture of people inhabited the land which is modern day Vietnam,

There are numerous historical sites from Ancient Vietnam to the First Indochina War and the Second Indochina War.

Most notable ancient sites include:

Most notable places from the First and Second Indochina War (Vietnam War) for tourists are:

Concerns

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Vietnam's tourism is facing numerous issues such as environmental pollution, poorly maintained heritage sites, aggressive solicitation of tourists, arbitrary price hikes for accommodations, poor infrastructure and transportation, substandard services, and ineffective management.[26][27] According to industry assessments, since 2006, over 70% of international tourists who visit Vietnam have no intention of returning.[28]

Due to these shortcomings compared to neighboring countries, Vietnam's tourism sector overly exploits natural attractions. The commercialization of these sites, allowing companies to charge entrance fees—often at high rates—without adequate maintenance, has led to the deterioration or damage of many landscapes, such as Voi Waterfall and Lien Khuong Waterfall.[29][30] In early 2017, during a conference reviewing the 2016 performance and setting tasks for 2017, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc directed the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism to address the issue of tourists not returning to Vietnam.[31][32][33] He expressed, "I just checked my smartphone and read an article listing seven fears of visiting Vietnam: overcharging, robbery, lack of hygiene."[34][35]

Externalities tourism in Vietnam

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Bãi Sao beach on Phú Quốc island
 
Hotel in Phú Quốc island

Travelling and tourism around the world have increased, mainly thanks to growling interest from China's middle hierarchy. Southeast Asia is an attractive tourist destination in recent years, which bolstered economic opportunities for countries located there. Vietnam benefited greatly from such a trend. The tourism demand right before the COVID pandemic was projected to grow yearly roughly by 4 per cent (2019–2029).[36] While the outlook will most likely not reach this target, we can expect a very volatile outcome that will most likely not be able to meet the estimated growth. Even then, in the year 2018, the Southeast Asia tourist destination had over 130 million international visitors.[37] (9.3 per cent of total global international visitor flows), and the region's share of the worldwide market is expected to expand further to 10.4 per cent by 2030 (or 187 million visitors).[38] At the same time, nobody can predict how the Chinese outbound travellers confidence in travelling will be affected. Before the pandemic, the Chinese outbound travellers had a growth of 21.7% annually between 2012 and 2017.[39]

Vietnam is a very popular tourist destination thanks to its diverse nature and culture. According to the World Economic forum's (WEF), Vietnam ranked 32nd globally in one of 120 countries with reference to its natural and folk sources and followed Indonesia and Thailand is among the Southeast Asia region in the latest 2017 Tourism Competitiveness Index. Vietnam can offer tourists a broad range of activities, starting from eight UNESCO World Heritage sites, various beautiful oceans and beaches. There are cities such as Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh and Da Nang that can offer fulfilling nightlife, shopping malls, and rich and diverse street food cuisine for urban lovers.

In addition, the Government of Vietnam is prioritizing tourism as a critical target to drive socio-economic development. The aim is to make Vietnam a top destination in Southeast Asia. To achieve the goal, the government is now preparing an innovative tourism strategy for the period 2018 to 2030 to spur the development of the tourism industry in the next decade. Many countries in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, focus on tourism development on their economic development plan. Vietnam had acquired a surge in domestic and international tourism in over ten years, thanks to its strategy of focusing on market segments where it has a competitive advantage. Specifically, the number of multinational tourists to Vietnam had approximately quadrupled from 4.2 million in 2008 to 15.5 million in 2018.[40] International arrivals increase to 25% from an average of around 9% per year, so travel transport industries such as airline and road also significantly increased. With domestic tourists, strong growth is what the government captures the growing demand for tourism in the region. For foreign tourists, the growth is more prominent than other rival countries in Southeast Asia, with the exception of Myanmar. As a result, Vietnam has been and is a bright spot on the world's tourist map, which is comparable to famous tourist countries in Asia such as Thailand, China, and Japan.

Despite these benefits, the tourism industry in Vietnam still has critical weaknesses in its relatively competitive aspect. The government's allocation of spending to the tourism sector is relatively low at 1.4% of total government spending in 2017. Although the tourism industry is strategically important, the vision for change in the tourism industry has not changed significantly. Indiscriminate disposal of waste, protection of marine life, forest animals, and environmental pollution are the issues that seriously affect this smokeless industry. Another major hurdle associated with foreign tourists is the visa regime. The government is still not open to the problem of visas as only 24 countries in the world are exempt from permits, which reduces the attraction of people to Vietnam.[41]


However, the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected Vietnam's tourism as all international commercial flights were banned from landing at all international airports in Vietnam. International tourists, the primary source of revenue for the tourism industry, have declined dramatically in the past year. The number of flights in October 2020 decreased by 80% compared to the same period last year. Hotel room capacity is only 30%. The inability of foreign tourists to come to Vietnam has a massive impact on the revenue of the tourism industry and the economy, as this group spends much more heavily than domestic tourists. In 2019, the tourism industry accounts for 12% of the country's GDP,[42] international visitors only 17% but more than half: on average, each foreign tourist spends US$673, while domestic tourists only spend US$61. The tourism industry created 660 thousand jobs in the period 2014–2019.[43] and the drop in tourist spending also brought the food, beverage and retail industries into a dire situation.

The government giving to the good control of the COVID-19 epidemic with the policy of "0 cases in the community" and also the lowest COVID-19 mortality rate in the country.[44] Domestic stimulus programs not only target Vietnamese but also foreigners living permanently in the country. Vietnam has attracted responses from travel companies, tourism businesses and from localities across the country. Tourism products aimed at human health, sports tourism, medical treatment, ecology, yoga, and nature-friendly tourism are becoming more and more attractive, so domestic tourists are getting more and more attractive. Now there are many options and at ease to travel.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Vietnam country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 2005). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ TITC. "Vietnam National Administration of Tourism". Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  3. ^ "International visitors to Vietnam in December and 12 months of 2011". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  4. ^ "Statistics for 2010". General Statistics Office. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  5. ^ "UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, December 2020 | World Tourism Organization". UNWTO World Tourism Barometer (English Version). 18 (7): 1–36. 18 December 2020. doi:10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.7. S2CID 241989515.
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  7. ^ https://www.statista.com/statistics/1195290/vietnam-international-visitor-arrivals/
  8. ^ Painter, Martin (August 2003). "Public administration reform in Vietnam: problems and prospects". Public Administration and Development. 23 (3): 259–271. doi:10.1002/pad.249. ISSN 0271-2075.
  9. ^ "Wirtschaftsentwicklung Vietnam 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
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  11. ^ "Tourism Statistics". Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Tourism Statistics". Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Tourism Statistics". Retrieved 2 January 2018.
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  15. ^ "Tourism Statistics". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  16. ^ VNA (24 May 2024). "11 UNESCO-Recognized World Biosphere Reserves in Vietnam". VietnamPlus. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  17. ^ Life (8 April 2014). "TripAdvisor's Most Popular Travel Destinations". Business Insider. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  18. ^ "TripAdvisor's picks: World's top 25 destinations | CNN Travel". CNN. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  19. ^ "TripAdvisor picks world's top 10 destinations". CNN. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  20. ^ "Best Destinations in Asia – Travellers Choice Awards – TripAdvisor". Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  21. ^ TITC (26 December 2013). "International visitors to Viet Nam in December and 12 months of 2013 – Vietnam National Administration of Tourism". Tổng cục Du lịch Việt Nam. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  22. ^ "Over 100 arrive in Vietnam on first commercial flight in six months - VnExpress International".
  23. ^ "Vietnam proposes tourism travel bubbles within ASEAN - VnExpress International".
  24. ^ the-shiv (1 August 2024). "Vietnam Tourism Tracker: Last Updated July 2024 [data set]". the-shiv. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  25. ^ "Vietnam War Sites of Interest". TripSavvy. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  26. ^ Hoài Thu, Mạnh Thắng, Quang Khải (16 August 2024). "Nở rộ xu hướng du lịch chữa lành môi trường". BAO DIEN TU VTV (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Trung tâm Tin tức VTV24 (4 December 2017). "Bảo tồn tài nguyên để phát triển du lịch bền vững". BAO DIEN TU VTV (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ "Nhân Ngày Du lịch thế giới (27-9): Để du lịch Việt Nam cất cánh". Cựu Chiến Binh Việt Nam (in Vietnamese). 27 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  29. ^ NLD.COM.VN. "Thác Voi bị bán với giá 3 tỉ đồng". Báo Người Lao Động Online (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  30. ^ PHÓNG, BÁO SÀI GÒN GIẢI (28 February 2008). "Sau 2 thác Liên Khương, Gougah sẽ đến..." BÁO SÀI GÒN GIẢI PHÓNG (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  31. ^ "Phát biểu chỉ đạo của Thủ tướng Chính phủ Nguyễn Xuân Phúc tại Hội nghị toàn quốc triển khai công tác tư pháp năm 2017 - Tạp chí Cộng sản". tapchicongsan.org.vn. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  32. ^ "Vietnam Motorbike Tours". 7 May 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  33. ^ "Thủ tướng Nguyễn Xuân Phúc: Cần đặt văn hóa ngang hàng với các lĩnh vực trọng yếu trong sự phát triển đất nước". dangcongsan.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  34. ^ ONLINE, TUOI TRE (13 January 2017). "VN phát triển mà quá trời người ung thư, có đáng không?". TUOI TRE ONLINE (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  35. ^ Diệu Chi (Ban Thể Thao) (12 January 2017). "Hội nghị Tổng kết công tác Văn hóa, Thể Thao và Du lịch năm 2016". BAO DIEN TU VTV (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  36. ^ "WTTC. 2019. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2019: World"
  37. ^ "UNWTO. 2019. World Tourism Barometer"
  38. ^ "UNWTO. 2011. Towards Tourism 2030"
  39. ^ UNWTO. 2018. "Outbound Tourism Statistics Database"
  40. ^ "GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE". Vietnam General Statistics Office (GSO). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  41. ^ "MyVietnamVisa". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  42. ^ "Total revenue from tourists 2000 - 2018""Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  43. ^ "Global economic trends & impacts in 2020""World Travel & Travel Council (WTTC)". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  44. ^ "Our world data". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
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