Zhouzhuang (Chinese: 周庄; pinyin: Zhōuzhuāng; Wu: Tseu-zaon) is a water town known for its canals in Jiangsu province, China. It is located within the administrative area of Kunshan, 30 km southeast of the city centre of Suzhou.[2]
Zhouzhuang
周庄 | |
|---|---|
 Town of Zhouzhuang | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 31°6′53″N 120°50′44″E / 31.11472°N 120.84556°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Jiangsu |
| Prefecture | Suzhou |
| Area | |
• Total | 39.09 km2 (15.09 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census)[1] | |
• Total | 28,599 |
| • Density | 730/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Zhouzhuang | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Welcome sign promoting Zhouzhuang as "China's No. 1 Water Town" | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 周庄 | ||||||||||||
| Postal | Chowchwang | ||||||||||||
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Zhouzhuang is a popular tourist destination, classified as a AAAAA scenic area by the China National Tourism Administration.[3] It is noted for its profound cultural background, well preserved ancient residential houses and elegant watery views.[4] A 2017 article in the Smithsonian Magazine described Zhouzhuang as "the most famous and most commercialized ancient water town in China," in addition to noting that its architecture "dates back more than 900 years, with about 60 original brick archways and 100 original courtyards."[5] It has also been called "Venice of the East".[6][7]
CNN ranked Zhouzhuang the third most beautiful water town in China in 2017[8] and included it in its 2019 collection of Asia's 13 most picturesque towns.[9]
History
editIn the Spring and Autumn period (770 BC–476 BC), Zhouzhuang was a part of the fief Yaocheng and called Zhenfengli. After being donated to Full Fortune (Quanfu) Temple by Zhou Digong, a devout Buddhist, in 1086 during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), Zhouzhuang obtained its present name.[10]
Sights
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Double Bridges/Twin Bridges (Shuang Qiao)
editZhouzhuang is surrounded with and divided by lakes and rivers. Many stone bridges cross the rivers, showing distinctive views of the water town. The Double Bridges, which are Shide Bridge and Yongan Bridge, are the most famous and are considered the symbol of Zhouzhuang. Built in the Wanli era (1573–1619) of the Ming dynasty, the Double Bridges are located in the northeast of the town. Shide Bridge is east–west and has a round arch, while Yongan Bridge is north–south and has a square arch. Crossing the two crisscross rivers (Yinzi Creek and Nabeishi River) and connecting at the middle, the Twin Bridges look like an old-style Chinese key. In 1984, 38 canvases of the notable painter, Chen Yifei, were exhibited in a New York gallery of Armand Hammer, then chairman of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. "Memory of Hometown", also known as "Memory of My Homeland", which depicted the Double Bridges, was one of the items on display and attracted international attention.[11][12]
Fuan Bridge
editLocated at the eastern end of Zhongshi Jie, Fuan Bridge was built in 1355 during the Yuan dynasty. The unique trait of the Fuan is the consummate combination of the single-arch bridge and the bridge towers.[13]
Shenting House
editBuilt in 1742 and located at the southeast side of Fuan Bridge, Shenting House was the private property of the descendant of Shen Wansan, the first millionaire of Jiangnan (South of Yangtze River) in the early Ming dynasty. The whole architectural complex is of the Qing's style and occupies an area of more than 2,000 square meters (half an acre). Over 100 rooms are divided into three sections and each one is connected by arcades and aisles. The first is the water gate and the wharf, where Shen's family moored boats and washed clothes. The middle part includes the gate tower, the tearoom and the main hall. Bricky gate tower carved with lively and ingenious figures which tell the historic stories or show the good wishes, make it a rare artwork. Tea room and main hall are places for serving guests, and the furnishings here are all very elegant. The last section is the two-storied dwelling which consists of several buildings which are quite different from the main hall, more comfortable and refined in pattern and atmosphere. The painted sculpture of legendary Shen Wansan is in Datang Tower; cultural relics including ancient folk instruments are exhibited in Xiaotang Tower and Back Hall.[14]
Zhangting House
editIt was built by the descendants of Xu Kui in the Zhengtong era (1436–1449) of the Ming dynasty and bought by the Zhang family in the early Qing dynasty. Located to the south of the Double Bridges, Zhangting House has more than 70 rooms and takes up about 1,800 square meters (less than half an acre). With Ruojing River flowing through, Zhangting House is a dapper and graceful residential house with a tranquil courtyard and pond. Deep halls offer a peak into the lifestyle of the quondam owner.[15]
Milou Tower
editOnce called the De's Tavern, Milou Tower perches next to Zhenfeng Bridge which is at the southwest corner of Zhouzhuang. It is famous for being a rallying place of the literators in old times.[16]
Chengxu Temple
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Standing on Zhongshi Street on the opposite side of Puqing Bridge, Chengxu Taoist Temple was built during 1086–1093 of the Song dynasty and also known as Sanctity Hall (Shengtang Hall). After several periods of expansion, it became one of the most famous Taoist temples in Wuzhong Region.[5] In an area of 1,500 square meters (1,800 square yards), Shengdi and Doumu halls, Yuhuang, Wenchang and Shengdi pavilions are pieces of Taoist architectures.
Local food
editWansan pork
editThe most famous local food of Zhouzhuang is Wansan pork hock, named after Shen Wansan, the richest man in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty in Jiangnan.[17]
Sanwei Glutinous rice balls
editSanwei Glutinous rice balls are commonly called soup gluten. In the area of Jiangnan, rice balls are a delicious dish that every family would make at home.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Zhōuzhuāng Zhèn (Kūnshān Shì, Sūzhōu Shì (Jiāngsū), China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
- ^ "The beautiful water town of Zhouzhuang". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ "AAAAA Scenic Areas". China National Tourism Administration. 16 November 2008. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "The Ancient Waterfront Towns in the South of Yangtze River". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ a b Billock, Jennifer. "Explore China's Ancient Water Towns". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ "10 cổ trấn đẹp như mơ của Trung Quốc". XaLuan.com (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ "Zhouzhuang – Venice of the Orient". VirtualTourist.com. 17 June 2003. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ Foxgrover, Cameron (2017-07-12). "China's 5 most beautiful water towns". CNN. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ Springer, Kate (2019-08-28). "13 of Asia's most picturesque towns". CNN. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ "Zhouzhuang (Jiangsu, China) : China's No. 1 Water Town". www.chinadiscovery.com. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ "CHEN YIFEI (1946–2005)". Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- ^ "双桥-经典必游-周庄旅游官方网站". www.zhouzhuang.net. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ "Fuan Bridge". www.zhouzhuangtour.com. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ orientalarchitecture.com. "Shen House, Zhouzhuang, China". Asian Architecture. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ orientalarchitecture.com. "Zhang House, Zhouzhuang, China". Asian Architecture. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ Yang, Zhiyi (2016). "The Tower of Going Astray: The Paradox of Liu Yazi's Lyric Classicism". Modern Chinese Literature and Culture. 28 (1): 174–221. ISSN 1520-9857.
- ^ "Wànsāntí" 万三蹄. eLong.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
External links
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