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On 19–21 November 1977, President of Egypt Anwar Sadat visited Jerusalem. The purpose of the visit was to address the Knesset, the legislative body in Israel, to try to advance the Israeli-Arab peace process. Sadat met with senior Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Menachem Begin. It was the first visit of its kind by an Arab leader to Israel. At that time, the two countries were considered at war.
 Sadat addressing the Knesset | |
| Date | 19–21 November 1977 |
|---|---|
| Location | Israel, Palestinian territories |
Background
editInternational Zionist leaders sent telegrams to the Egyptian embassies in Austria and Washington D.C. expressing their desire to hold a secret meeting with Sadat, but these attempts failed due to the objection of the Foreign Minister. The Israelis did not despair, so they went to Moroccan King Hassan II, where Menachem Begin suggested direct contact with Egypt, and Sadat accepted that. He sent Hassan Al-Tahami as his delegate to meet Moshe Dayan, the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, in Rabat.
Sadat had stated before a special session of the Egyptian People's Assembly that he was ready to go to their "home," the Knesset in Jerusalem and discuss peace on 9 November 1977. Among those present was the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat.[1] Sadat got a standing ovation, and the audience did not think that the president was serious about what he was saying. The Israelis responded and sent an official invitation to him through the American ambassador in Cairo.
Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmi submitted his resignation in protest just two days ahead of the visit.[2]
The visit
edit“You want to live with us in this part of the world,” Sadat declared. “In all sincerity, I tell you, we welcome you among us, with full security and safety.”[3] During the speech, he also fervently rejected Israeli sovereignty over the Old City of Jerusalem.[4] After visiting Al Aqsa Mosque, Sadat toured the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[4]
Aftermath
editSadat's move was widely condemned by Arab leaders. In response, Arab leaders, including the leaders of Libya, Algeria, Syria, South Yemen, Iraq, and the Palestine Liberation Organization, met in Tripoli, Libya, on December 2 and 5, 1977.
Talks continued in the Egyptian city of Ismailia, with American mediation. In 1978, the two sides would reach a bilateral agreement at Camp David that culminated in a peace treaty. On 6 October 1981, while watching the annual parade that marked Egypt's initial success in the Yom Kippur War, Sadat was assassinated. Some claim that one of the motives for the murder was the peace agreement.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ "Marking four decades to Egypt-Israel 'cold peace' | Mahmud el-Shafey". AW.
- ^ "Foreign. Minister Quits in Egypt;. Successor Resigns Hours Later". The New York Times. 18 November 1977. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ Greenspan, Jesse. "How Jimmy Carter Brokered a Hard-Won Peace Deal Between Israel and Egypt". HISTORY.
- ^ a b Ronald Koven (21 November 1977). "A Day of Symbolism". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.