The 2004 Georgia flag referendum was a legislatively referred advisory referendum in Georgia. It took place on March 2, 2004, alongside the state's presidential primaries. The result was overwhelmingly in favor of the 2003 flag, which gained 73.1% of the vote.
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Background
edit-
Flag of Georgia from 1920 to 1956 -
Flag of Georgia from 1956 to 2001 -
Flag of Georgia from 2001 to 2003 -
Flag of Georgia from 2003
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.svg)
The flag of Georgia adopted in 1956 contained part of the Confederate flag. In 1992, governor of Georgia Zell Miller expressed his intention to remove this Confederate imagery, describing it as the "last remaining vestige of days that are not only gone but also days that we have no right to be proud of."[1] While legislation was introduced to change the flag,[1] this was unsuccessful, and by 1993 Miller had conceded that changing the flag would not be possible.[2] A 2000 report by the Georgia State Senate found the introduction of the 1956 flag to be a symbol of racist protest against desegregation.[3]
Roy Barnes responded to calls for a new flag in 2001 by encouraging legislation on the matter.[4] The flag that was approved was originally designed around the time of the 1992 dispute by Cecil Alexander.[5] HB 16 was passed on January 30, 2001, enacting the new flag.[5] This design reduced the Confederate imagery to a small version of the 1956 flag. Critics labelled the flag "Barnes’s rag",[5] and the city of Trenton adopted a modified version of the 1956 flag in protest.[6]
In the 2002 gubernatorial election, Republican candidate Sonny Perdue defeated Barnes. Perdue ran on the promise to allow a statewide referendum on the flag of Georgia.[7] While it was implied that the referendum would be on the 1956 flag, the initial bill, HB 380, legislated for 2 referendums; the first on a redesign, and the second (if the redesign was rejected) between the pre- and post-1956 flags. However, following concerns from some legislators, this was amended to be 1 referendum between the 2001 and 2003 flags.[5] HB 380 was passed on the last day of the 2003 session.[5] An executive order by Perdue ordered the redesign to be displayed by entities required to display the Georgia flag, rather than the 2001 flag.[8]
Text
editThe question on the ballot read:
Should the State of Georgia keep the 2003 Flag adopted at the 2003 Session of the General Assembly or return to the 2001 Flag adopted at the 2001 Session of the General Assembly?[9]
Both flags were pictured on the ballot.
Result
edit| Option | Votes | |
|---|---|---|
| Num. | % | |
 2003 flag
|
577,370 | 73.14 |
.svg){kind=small} 2001 flag
|
212,020 | 26.86 |
| Total | 789,390 | 100.00 |
| Source: Georgia Secretary of State[10] | ||
Results by county
edit| County | 2003 flag | 2003% | 2001 flag | 2001% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appling | 1,180 | 76.18% | 369 | 23.82% |
| Atkinson | 277 | 76.31% | 86 | 23.69% |
| Bacon | 477 | 71.62% | 189 | 28.38% |
| Baker | 337 | 74.72% | 114 | 25.28% |
| Baldwin | 3,424 | 77.77% | 979 | 22.23% |
| Banks | 1,346 | 72.72% | 505 | 27.28% |
| Barrow | 2,371 | 77.33% | 695 | 22.67% |
| Bartow | 4,226 | 72.33% | 1,617 | 27.67% |
| Ben Hill | 906 | 72.13% | 350 | 27.87% |
| Berrien | 789 | 72.05% | 306 | 27.95% |
| Bibb | 9,448 | 48.44% | 10,058 | 51.56% |
| Bleckley | 705 | 75.32% | 231 | 24.68% |
| Brantley | 639 | 68.12% | 299 | 31.88% |
| Brooks | 920 | 75.72% | 295 | 24.28% |
| Bryan | 1,407 | 79.90% | 354 | 20.10% |
| Bulloch | 2,819 | 76.25% | 878 | 23.75% |
| Burke | 1,765 | 77.11% | 524 | 22.89% |
| Butts | 1,633 | 75.11% | 541 | 24.89% |
| Calhoun | 460 | 77.83% | 131 | 22.17% |
| Camden | 1,181 | 67.03% | 581 | 32.97% |
| Candler | 527 | 78.42% | 145 | 21.58% |
| Carroll | 5,959 | 75.21% | 1,964 | 24.79% |
| Catoosa | 2,430 | 68.68% | 1,108 | 31.32% |
| Charlton | 349 | 59.97% | 233 | 40.03% |
| Chatham | 18,244 | 77.90% | 5,177 | 22.10% |
| Chattahoochee | 184 | 65.71% | 96 | 34.29% |
| Chattooga | 1,675 | 78.13% | 469 | 21.88% |
| Cherokee | 8,585 | 74.10% | 3,001 | 25.90% |
| Clarke | 8,952 | 79.94% | 2,247 | 20.06% |
| Clay | 254 | 71.55% | 101 | 28.45% |
| Clayton | 15,929 | 68.79% | 7,228 | 31.21% |
| Clinch | 212 | 67.52% | 102 | 32.48% |
| Cobb | 42,943 | 71.90% | 16,787 | 28.10% |
| Coffee | 1,288 | 74.32% | 445 | 25.68% |
| Colquitt | 1,976 | 74.62% | 672 | 25.38% |
| Columbia | 5,990 | 75.53% | 1,941 | 24.47% |
| Cook | 728 | 69.87% | 314 | 30.13% |
| Coweta | 10,002 | 74.47% | 3,429 | 25.53% |
| Crawford | 670 | 71.81% | 263 | 28.19% |
| Crisp | 1,085 | 75.24% | 357 | 24.76% |
| Dade | 712 | 72.06% | 276 | 27.94% |
| Dawson | 1,727 | 74.99% | 576 | 25.01% |
| Decatur | 1,556 | 79.96% | 390 | 20.04% |
| DeKalb | 67,357 | 72.99% | 24,921 | 27.01% |
| Dodge | 1,218 | 78.03% | 343 | 21.97% |
| Dooly | 828 | 79.23% | 217 | 20.77% |
| Dougherty | 8,335 | 74.57% | 2,843 | 25.43% |
| Douglas | 6,266 | 71.72% | 2,417 | 28.28% |
| Early | 657 | 73.82% | 233 | 26.18% |
| Echols | 111 | 64.91% | 60 | 35.09% |
| Effingham | 2,371 | 79.11% | 626 | 20.89% |
| Elbert | 1,386 | 72.49% | 526 | 27.51% |
| Emanuel | 1,386 | 78.75% | 374 | 21.25% |
| Evans | 657 | 78.59% | 179 | 21.41% |
| Fannin | 1,231 | 70.34% | 519 | 29.66% |
| Fayette | 8,620 | 73.98% | 3,032 | 26.02% |
| Floyd | 5,549 | 78.49% | 1,521 | 21.51% |
| Forsyth | 8,937 | 74.37% | 3,080 | 25.63% |
| Franklin | 1,397 | 74.27% | 484 | 25.73% |
| Fulton | 62,174 | 72.89% | 23,125 | 27.11% |
| Gilmer | 1,617 | 73.07% | 596 | 26.93% |
| Glascock | 141 | 73.82% | 50 | 26.18% |
| Glynn | 4,351 | 71.83% | 1,706 | 28.17% |
| Gordon | 2,443 | 75.03% | 813 | 24.97% |
| Grady | 1,384 | 71.12% | 562 | 28.88% |
| Greene | 2,048 | 77.46% | 596 | 22.54% |
| Gwinnett | 32,570 | 73.71% | 11,614 | 26.29% |
| Habersham | 2,345 | 76.51% | 720 | 23.49% |
| Hall | 10,949 | 72.98% | 4,053 | 27.02% |
| Hancock | 770 | 74.68% | 261 | 25.32% |
| Haralson | 1,687 | 75.62% | 544 | 24.38% |
| Harris | 1,810 | 73.58% | 650 | 26.42% |
| Hart | 2,097 | 72.31% | 803 | 27.69% |
| Heard | 752 | 69.50% | 330 | 30.50% |
| Henry | 10,699 | 60.15% | 7,089 | 39.85% |
| Houston | 7,340 | 77.19% | 2,169 | 22.81% |
| Irwin | 598 | 73.65% | 214 | 26.35% |
| Jackson | 2,851 | 78.65% | 774 | 21.35% |
| Jasper | 924 | 76.49% | 284 | 23.51% |
| Jeff Davis | 737 | 70.26% | 312 | 29.74% |
| Jefferson | 1,200 | 74.30% | 415 | 25.70% |
| Jenkins | 750 | 80.65% | 180 | 19.35% |
| Johnson | 573 | 80.03% | 143 | 19.97% |
| Jones | 2,350 | 76.55% | 720 | 23.45% |
| Lamar | 1,436 | 74.64% | 488 | 25.36% |
| Lanier | 271 | 69.31% | 120 | 30.69% |
| Laurens | 3,496 | 77.79% | 998 | 22.21% |
| Lee | 1,430 | 75.46% | 465 | 24.54% |
| Liberty | 1,856 | 74.09% | 649 | 25.91% |
| Lincoln | 752 | 74.60% | 256 | 25.40% |
| Long | 386 | 70.96% | 158 | 29.04% |
| Lowndes | 4,028 | 71.90% | 1,574 | 28.10% |
| Lumpkin | 1,780 | 75.71% | 571 | 24.29% |
| Macon | 1,042 | 82.70% | 218 | 17.30% |
| Madison | 1,724 | 79.34% | 449 | 20.66% |
| Marion | 441 | 68.37% | 204 | 31.63% |
| McDuffie | 1,291 | 72.86% | 481 | 27.14% |
| McIntosh | 932 | 74.56% | 318 | 25.44% |
| Meriwether | 1,792 | 75.55% | 580 | 24.45% |
| Miller | 355 | 83.53% | 70 | 16.47% |
| Mitchell | 1,520 | 75.17% | 502 | 24.83% |
| Monroe | 1,797 | 76.79% | 543 | 23.21% |
| Montgomery | 579 | 78.24% | 161 | 21.76% |
| Morgan | 1,709 | 77.40% | 499 | 22.60% |
| Murray | 1,312 | 71.62% | 520 | 28.38% |
| Muscogee | 11,068 | 71.83% | 4,341 | 28.17% |
| Newton | 4,978 | 74.60% | 1,695 | 25.40% |
| Newton | 4,978 | 74.60% | 1,695 | 25.40% |
| Oconee | 2,972 | 84.41% | 549 | 15.59% |
| Oglethorpe | 1,306 | 80.57% | 315 | 19.43% |
| Paulding | 5,167 | 73.90% | 1,825 | 26.10% |
| Peach | 1,605 | 77.65% | 462 | 22.35% |
| Pickens | 1,717 | 75.27% | 564 | 24.73% |
| Pierce | 850 | 79.37% | 221 | 20.63% |
| Pike | 1,339 | 77.04% | 399 | 22.96% |
| Polk | 3,410 | 81.02% | 799 | 18.98% |
| Pulaski | 600 | 80.32% | 147 | 19.68% |
| Putnam | 1,628 | 74.95% | 544 | 25.05% |
| Quitman | 152 | 72.04% | 59 | 27.96% |
| Rabun | 1,193 | 71.78% | 469 | 28.22% |
| Randolph | 540 | 74.90% | 181 | 25.10% |
| Richmond | 12,152 | 72.86% | 4,661 | 27.14% |
| Rockdale | 5,331 | 73.16% | 1,956 | 26.84% |
| Schley | 193 | 71.48% | 77 | 28.52% |
| Screven | 1,191 | 80.64% | 286 | 19.36% |
| Seminole | 670 | 77.64% | 193 | 22.36% |
| Spalding | 3,611 | 73.07% | 1,331 | 26.93% |
| Stephens | 1,665 | 73.87% | 589 | 26.13% |
| Stewart | 398 | 77.89% | 113 | 22.11% |
| Sumter | 1,788 | 77.98% | 505 | 22.02% |
| Talbot | 588 | 72.68% | 221 | 27.32% |
| Taliaferro | 186 | 79.83% | 47 | 20.17% |
| Tattnall | 1,071 | 79.22% | 281 | 20.78% |
| Taylor | 592 | 74.37% | 204 | 25.63% |
| Telfair | 639 | 77.93% | 181 | 22.07% |
| Terrell | 673 | 75.70% | 216 | 24.30% |
| Thomas | 2,418 | 72.81% | 903 | 27.19% |
| Tift | 1,693 | 77.38% | 495 | 22.62% |
| Toombs | 1,495 | 79.82% | 378 | 20.18% |
| Towns | 896 | 73.02% | 331 | 26.98% |
| Treutlen | 447 | 75.63% | 144 | 24.37% |
| Troup | 3,489 | 72.98% | 1,292 | 27.02% |
| Turner | 397 | 73.38% | 144 | 26.62% |
| Twiggs | 760 | 70.57% | 317 | 29.43% |
| Union | 2,036 | 75.60% | 657 | 24.40% |
| Upson | 1,950 | 76.71% | 592 | 23.29% |
| Walker | 3,276 | 74.88% | 1,099 | 25.12% |
| Walton | 3,898 | 78.83% | 1,047 | 21.17% |
| Ware | 2,097 | 77.07% | 624 | 22.93% |
| Warren | 511 | 74.49% | 175 | 25.51% |
| Washington | 1,871 | 79.28% | 489 | 20.72% |
| Wayne | 1,644 | 72.39% | 627 | 27.61% |
| Webster | 210 | 76.92% | 63 | 23.08% |
| Wheeler | 272 | 71.58% | 108 | 28.42% |
| White | 2,113 | 77.31% | 620 | 22.69% |
| Whitfield | 3,069 | 76.32% | 952 | 23.68% |
| Wilcox | 389 | 77.18% | 115 | 22.82% |
| Wilkes | 1,045 | 79.35% | 272 | 20.65% |
| Wilkinson | 890 | 77.06% | 265 | 22.94% |
| Worth | 1,189 | 71.20% | 481 | 28.80% |
Source:[10]
References
edit- ^ a b Harrison, Eric; Stanley, Edith (May 29, 1992). "Georgia Governor Wants to Lower Confederate Flag : South: Under pressure from civil rights groups, he will push for removal of battle cross from state banner". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ Smothers, Ronald (March 10, 1993). "South's Emblem To Be Retained On Georgia Flag". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ Azarian, Alexander; Fesshazion, Eden (August 2000). "The State Flag of Georgia: The 1956 Change In Its Historical Context" (PDF). Senate Research Office. State of Georgia: State of Georgia. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
- ^ Barnes, Roy (June 30, 2015). "How we got the Confederate emblem off Georgia's flag". CNN. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "State Flags of Georgia". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ "Trenton, Georgia (U.S.)". Flags of the World. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ Green, Joshua (March 1, 2004). "The Southern Cross". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ "The State of Georgia – Executive Order" (PDF). sonnyperdue.georgia.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ "Sample ballots for March 2 Presidential Primary". The Cedartown Standard. February 26, 2004. p. 4b. Retrieved February 16, 2022 – via Google News.
- ^ a b "STATEWIDE ADVISORY FLAG REFERENDUM - Non-Partisan". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
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