The 2nd Infantry Division also known as Quảng Đà Division or Steel Division is a division of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), first formed from Viet Cong (VC) and PAVN units in October 1965. The first commander and the first commissar of the division were Colonel Nguyễn Năng and Senior Colonel Nguyễn Minh Đức respectively.[3][4]
| 2nd Infantry Division | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1965-present |
| Allegiance |  Vietnam |
| Branch | People's Army of Vietnam |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Part of | 5th Military Region |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Lê Hữu Trữ[1] Giáp Văn Cương Nguyễn Chơn[2] |
In Vietnam War
editThe Division was formed on 20 October 1965 from the 1st (Ba Gia) Regiment and the 21st Regiment which had just arrived from North Vietnam.[5]: 156
The Division was under the command of the PAVN B1 Front.[6]: 203
In mid-1966 the newly-arrived 31st Regiment was added to the Division.[5]: 192
In February 1967 the Division's 21st Regiment was engaged by South Korean forces, losing over 1,000 killed in 2 separate battles northwest of Quảng Ngãi.[6]: 207
From 21 April to 5 June 1967, the Division was the target of US Marine Corps' Operations Union and Union II in the Quế Sơn Valley losing over 1,400 killed.[7]
In early August 1967 the Division's 1st and 21st Regiments were the target of Operation Hood River, losing 166 killed.[6]: 246–8
In September 1967 the B1 Front ordered the Division back into the Quế Sơn Valley.[6]: 259
In September 1967 the Division was the target of Operation Wheeler.[6]: 270 [8]: 226
On 5 December 1967 a command group from the Division was carrying out reconnaissance near Firebase Ross when they were attacked by US helicopter gunships, losing 17 killed including the Division commander - Colonel Lê Hữu Trữ, Division commissar - Senior Colonel Nguyễn Minh Đức,[1] its deputy chief of staff, its chief of rear services, its chief of military operations and intelligence, its chief of combat operations and training, and the commanders of the 3rd and 21st Regiments along with several of their battalion commanders.[8]: 232–3 On 9 December the Division's 3rd Regiment was engaged by US helicopter gunships near Landing Zone Baldy, losing 121 killed.[8]: 233
Senior Colonel Giáp Văn Cương, a former commander of the 3rd Division, became the Division’s new commander and was given orders to destroy the US 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division.[8]: 235 On the afternoon of 2 January, elements of the 12th Cavalry Regiment engaged a unit of the Division in a four-hour-long battle 5 km south of Ross resulting in 3 U.S. and 39 PAVN killed.[9] On the early morning of 3 January the PAVN attacked four U.S. firebases in the Quế Sơn Valley, launching ground attacks against Ross and Landing Zone Leslie, which were defeated by dawn for the loss of 18 U.S. and 331 PAVN killed.[9]: 100 [8]: 235–6 On 7 January, Division anti-aircraft gunners shot down a helicopter carrying the commander of the 2nd Battalion, 12th Cavalry, Lt. Col. Robert L. Gregory, killing him and six others on board.[8]: 239 On 10 January the 2/12th Cavalry, engaged a reinforced battalion of the Division near Firebase Ross resulting in 122 PAVN killed.[8]: 239 In total the Division had lost more than 1,100 soldiers killed in action between December and January.[8]: 239
For the Tet Offensive of January/February 1968 the Division was ordered to attack Đà Nẵng however its slow approach to the city meant that it was still 25 km away on 30 January.[8]: 315 As the Division approached Đà Nẵng on 31 January, its 8th Battalion, 31st Regiment, attacked the district capital of Điện Bàn, but the attack was resisted by ARVN troops and Korean Marines. On 3 February when the ARVN 51st Regiment swept through Thanh Quit, they stumbled onto a battalion from the 31st Regiment hidden there and engaged them in battle, supported by the Korean marines until they broke contact at nightfall.[8]: 316 On 6 February the Division began a concerted push north towards Đà Nẵng. At 03:00 the 21st Regiment attacked the ARVN 51st Regiment's base camp, the ARVN were reinforced by US Marines and the fighting continued until the PAVN withdrew at nightfall on 7 February with losses estimated at more than 586 killed.[8]: 317 Following the Battle of Lo Giang on 8–9 February a combined US Army/Marine task force named Task Force Miracle pursued the Division as it withdrew to its base areas near Go Noi Island (15°51′04″N 108°11′10″E / 15.851°N 108.186°E) killing 236 PAVN/VC soldiers near there on 9 February.[8]: 319–20 In total the Division had lost 1,200-1,400 soldiers in the period from 29 January to 14 February 1968 and had completely failed to penetrate Đà Nẵng.[8]: 320–1
After the Division had recuperated from its Tet losses, between 10 and 12 May 1968, two of its Regiments successfully captured Kham Duc.[8]: 540–7
In July 1968 the Division's 1st Regiment was the target of Operation Pocahontas Forest in the Quế Sơn Valley in which it lost 127 killed.[8]: 609–11
During the Phase III Offensive a regiment of the Division was ordered to attack Tam Kỳ.[8]: 643
From 17 to 26 August 1969 the Division's 1st and 3rd Regiments lost more than 650 killed in clashes with the 23rd Infantry Division (Americal) in the Quế Sơn Valley, while U.S. losses were killed.[10]
In February 1971, under the command of Colonel Nguyễn Chơn, the Division joined the Route 9-Southern Laos Front to counter Operation Lam Son 719.[2][5]: 274 In early March the Division less one regiment attacked the ARVN 1st Regiment, 1st Division on Hill 723. On 20 March the Division attacked the ARVN 2nd Regiment, 1st Division on Hill 660.[5]: 277
In July 1970, the 141st Regiment was added the Division's formation. One year later, in June 1971, the Division's 21st Regiment was transferred to the 3rd Division.[11]
During the Easter Offensive the Division less one regiment conducted diversion operations north of Dak To.[5]: 293
In 1972, the Division's 31st Regiment was separated to form the 711st Division. Later, in the end of the year, the 52nd Regiment was added to fill the gap.[11]
During the War of the flags in January/February 1973 the Division briefly captured Sa Huỳnh Base and a stretch of Highway 1 before being ejected by ARVN forces by 16 February.[12]: 23–4
In June 1973, the 711th Division was dispersed, the 31st Regiment came back the 2nd Division's formation with the 38th Regiment, while the 52nd Regiment left to form the new 52nd Brigade, and the 141st Regiment was transferred to the 3rd Division.[11]
On 18 July 1974 the Division conducted a series of attacks on Ranger-held outposts in Quảng Nam Province.[5]: 353 The Battle of Duc Duc from 18 July to 4 October 1974 where the Division attacked the ARVN 3rd Division and Ranger forces resulted in more than 4,700 ARVN had killed, wounded, or missing.[12]: 113–21
During the 1975 Spring Offensive the Division was tasked with attacking Tam Kỳ and then moving north with the 572nd Artillery Regiment, 573rd Anti-Aircraft Regiment and 574th Tank-Armor Regiment to threaten the southern approaches to Đà Nẵng.[5]: 390 On 21 March the Division began attacking the outer defenses of Tam Kỳ and by 24 March following an artillery barrage, began their attack on the city, quickly penetrating the western and southern defenses. The ARVN defenses soon broke with some ARVN units being evacuated by helicopters from the beach while others fled north and south along Highway 1.[13] Following the capture of Tam Kỳ, the Division moved north along Highway 1 bypassing ARVN defensive positions and together with other PAVN columns entered Đà Nẵng on the morning of 29 March.[13]: 328 On 5 April the Division was ordered to remain and secure Quảng Nam and Quảng Tín Provinces while other PAVN units moved south to join the assault on Saigon.[13]: 369
After Reunification Day
editIn December 1978, the division was sent to Southwestern border to support the 4th Corps in Cambodian–Vietnamese War.[14]
In late March 1984, the 5th Military Region forces includes the 307th Division, the 1st Regiment of the 2nd Division, the 143rd Regiment of the 315th Division under the command of Major General Nguyễn Chơn (the new assigned commander of the Region) carried out a large campaign to attack Khmer Rouge Base 547 in Preah Vihear province. After eight days fighting, the PAVN forces totally destroyed Base 547, eliminated 1,800 enemy troops, captured 300 prisoners and 515 weapons. But the 1st Regiment of the 2nd Division suffered heavy casualties in the 7th day, and the division even lost its commander - Colonel Trương Hồng Anh in the last day of the campaign, when the PAVN forces already overran the Base.[15][16][17]
Notes
edit- ^ the 21st Regiment was transferred to the 3rd Division (Vietnam) in Jun 1971
- ^ the same regiment: 31st Regiment in PAVN document, 3rd or 3d Regiment in US Army document
- ^ the 141st Regiment (also known as E141B) joined in July 1970
- ^ the 31st Regiment was separated to form the new 711 Division in 1972
- ^ 52nd Regiment was added in late 1972 to replace the 31st Regiment position
- ^ the 31st Regiment came back in June 1973 with 38th Regiment
References
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
- ^ a b "Steel division has 4 division commanders who were martyrs". sknc.qdnd.vn. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Senior General Nguyễn Chơn, an excellent commander of our army". qdnd.vn. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Brief biography of Lieutenant General, Associate Professor Nguyễn Năng". nhandan.vn. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ "The journey of the portrait of a divisional commissar". qdnd.vn. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Military History Institute of Vietnam (2002). Victory in Vietnam: A History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975. trans. Pribbenow, Merle. University of Kansas Press. ISBN 0-7006-1175-4.
- ^ a b c d e MacGarrigle, George (1998). Combat Operations: Taking the Offensive, October 1966 to October 1967. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160495403.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Telfer, Gary (1984). U.S. Marines in Vietnam: Fighting the North Vietnamese 1967. History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. pp. 63–8. ISBN 978-1494285449. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Villard, Erik (2017). United States Army in Vietnam Combat Operations Staying the Course October 1967 to September 1968. Center of Military History United States Army. ISBN 9780160942808. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Shulimson, Jack (1997). US Marines in Vietnam: 1968 The Defining Year. History and Museums Division Headquarters United States Marine Corps. pp. 99–100. ISBN 9781494285715. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Willbanks, James (2013). Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. Simon and Schuster. pp. 309–10. ISBN 9781626365285.
- ^ a b c "Message for teammates - Information support for 2nd division's martyrs finding". nhantimdongdoi.org on web.archive. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ a b Le Gro, William (1985). Vietnam from ceasefire to capitulation (PDF). US Army Center of Military History. ISBN 9781410225429. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Veith, George (2012). Black April The Fall of South Vietnam 1973-75. Encounter Books. p. 304. ISBN 9781594035722.
- ^ "Combined operations of the 4th Corps in the Campaign liberate Phnom Penh". nhandan.vn. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "The battle destroyed the base 547". qdnd.vn. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ^ "Making a movie about the division commander Trương Hồng Anh". sknc.qdnd.vn. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ^ "Colonel, martyr Trương Hồng Anh - commander of the Steel Division in Cambodia". trian.vn. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.