Abies nephrolepis, commonly known as Khingan fir,[4] is a species of fir native to northeastern China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi), North Korea, South Korea, and southeastern Russia (Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Primorsky Krai, southern Khabarovsk Krai).[5][6]
| Abies nephrolepis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tree in Morton Arboretum[1] | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Abies |
| Species: | A. nephrolepis
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| Binomial name | |
| Abies nephrolepis | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.2 m diameter and a narrow conic to columnar crown. The bark is grey-brown, smooth on young trees, becoming fissured on old trees. The leaves are flat needle-like, 10–30 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad, green above, and with two dull greenish-white stomatal bands below; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie flattened either side of and forwards across the top of the shoots. The cones are 4.5–7 cm (rarely to 9.5 cm) long and 2–3 cm broad, green or purplish ripening grey-brown, and often very resinous; the tips of the bract scales are slightly exserted between the seed scales. Each seed scale bears two winged seeds, released when the cones disintegrate at maturity in the autumn.[5][6]
It is closely related to Abies sachalinensis, Abies koreana, Abies veitchii, and Abies sibirica, which replace it to the east, south, southeast, and west respectively. The range abuts that of A. sibirica and hybrids occur where they meet; these have been named as Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis Taken. & J.J.Chien.[5]
The wood from this tree was used for pulp production during the Japanese occupation of Korea in the 1920s.[7]
References
edit- ^ Cirrus Digital Manchurian Fir
- ^ Zhang, D.; Katsuki, T.; Rushforth, K. (2013). "Abies nephrolepis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42292A76095986. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42292A76095986.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
- ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 333. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ a b c Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
- ^ a b Flora of China: Abies nephrolepis
- ^ Uyeda, Y.; Morita, T. (July 20, 1928). "Researches on Wood Chemistry. 4". Sen-iso Kogyo. 4 (9): 27. doi:10.2115/fiber1925.4.en27.